Inflammation is the body’s response to damage， infection or other stimuli， but its excessive or continuous development can lead to a variety of diseases. Although modern medical anti-inflammatory therapies were widely used， it is often accompanied by limitations such as more adverse reactions. Based on the “holistic view” and “differential treatment”， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） regards inflammation as a manifestation of the imbalance of yin and yang in the body and the conflict between good and evil. The application of anti-inflammatory TCM is not only aimed at the pathological state of “inflammation”， but also based on the overall consideration of “syndrome”. According to different types of syndrome， anti-inflammatory TCM can be divided into heat-clearing and detoxifying agents （such as Lonicera japonica and Isatis indigotica ）， heat-clearing and drying dampness agents （such as Coptidis Rhizoma）， blood-activating and stasis-dissolving agents （such as Salvia miltiorrhiza ） and vital qi-strengthening and pathogenic factor-expelling agents （such as Panax ginseng ）. Four types of anti-inflammatory TCM restore the body’s immune balance through the systematic regulation of multi-component， multi-target and multi-pathway， exhibiting a good anti-inflammatory effect. Future research should focus on integrating systematic biology， applying artificial intelligence， carrying out high-quality evidence-based research， and combining traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine， so as to reveal the overall regulatory law of anti-inf lammatory effects of TCM and promote clinical rational use.

OBJECTIVE To explore the transformation of the dispensing and drug pickup process in traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy （TCM Pharmacy） in our hospital based on data-intelligence-driven， aiming to improve pharmacists’ work efficiency and patients’ drug pickup experience. METHODS Value stream mapping and journey mapping were used to systematically identify non-value-added links in pharmacists’ dispensing process and key pain points in patients’ drug pickup under the traditional process. An intelligent dispensing and drug pickup system for the TCM Pharmacy was developed based on the C# and Android television platforms， and a machine-learning model was adopted to predict patients’ drug pickup waiting time. A comprehensive evaluation was performed from three perspectives： system performance， prediction accuracy， and satisfaction of pharmacists and patients. RESULTS The system successfully streamlined non-value-added links such as “waiting for writing on the board” and “searching for drugs”， and realized multimodal dynamic prompts of dispensing status through auditory （number calling） and visual （television terminal） channels. The constructed model for predicting drug pickup waiting time exhibited good fitting degree and generalization ability （mean absolute error＝4.28 min， R 2 ＝0.882）. The comprehensive satisfaction scores of pharmacists and patients in the traditional mode were significantly increased from （70.99±1.74） and （73.58±1.98） to （90.02±1.30） and （88.61±2.08） in the new system， respectively （ P ＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The transformation of the intelligent drug dispensing and pickup system for TCM pharmacy based on data-intelligence-driven effectively improves the efficiency of pharmacists’ dispensing work， realizes process transparency and waiting time predictability， and significantly enhances patients’ drug pickup experience.

In recent years, research on stem cell therapy in the field of lung transplantation has gradually increased, demonstrating its potential in improving the outcomes of lung transplantation. As a treatment option for end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation faces challenges such as scarcity of donor organs, postoperative complications and rejection. Stem cells, with their self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation capabilities, have emerged as strong candidates for alternative or adjunctive treatments. Current studies show that embryonic stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells play significant roles in lung tissue regeneration and immune regulation. However, stem cell therapy still needs to overcome issues such as the selection of cell sources, low survival rates after transplantation and unclear long-term efficacy in clinical applications. Future research should focus on exploring new stem cell sources, improving transplantation techniques and establishing efficacy evaluation systems.

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease and can significantly prolong patient survival. However, patients usually have poor physiological and psychological conditions before and after undergoing liver transplantation surgery, which affects prognosis and reduces quality of life. Preoperative prehabilitation, through intervention modes such as exercise, nutrition and psychology, can improve patients' preoperative functional reserve, alleviate perioperative stress reactions, reduce postoperative infection risks and be beneficial for postoperative recovery after liver transplantation. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the timing and location of prehabilitation, the necessity of prehabilitation and intervention models for preoperative prehabilitation of liver transplant patients. The aim is to deepen the understanding and application of preoperative prehabilitation for liver transplant patients in clinical practice, in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for preoperative prehabilitation of liver transplant patients and improve their prognosis.

The integrated medical and elderly care model is a new type of elderly care model designed to address the demands of the elderly in terms of physical health， daily care， and spiritual comfort. It has significant practical significance for actively responding to the problems of population aging. However， this model still faces a series of ethical dilemmas in practical. By analyzing the ethical issues that may arise during the integration of medical and elderly care services， including conflicts between medical care and elderly autonomy， the challenges faced by informed consent， conflicts of interest between medical and elderly care services， and blurred boundaries between family care and social care， this paper proposed corresponding strategies， such as improving the construction of personalized care mechanisms， optimizing multi-level protection systems for informed consent， establishing a unified interest coordination mechanism and resource sharing platform， and strengthening the synergy between family support and social care. These strategies aimed to promote the healthy development of the integrated medical and elderly care model， ensure the protection of the basic rights and interests and well-being of the elderly to the greatest extent， and ultimately achieve a fairer and more sustainable aging social governance system.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired neuromuscular transmission. Thymectomy is one of the therapeutic options for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis patients. The quality of perioperative care is directly associated with surgical safety and patient outcomes. However, there is currently a lack of specialized nursing consensus or guidelines specifically addressing the care of these patients domestically or internationally. To promote the standardization and normalization of perioperative nursing care for myasthenia gravis patients undergoing thymectomy and to ensure treatment efficacy, a panel of 57 experts from relevant fields was convened. Based on evidence-based medicine and clinical practice experience, discussions were held on various aspects including condition assessment, nutritional support, medication management, and airway care, resulting in a consensus with 18 final recommendations by using the Delphi method through two rounds of expert consultation. This consensus aims to provide a scientific reference for the perioperative nursing care of myasthenia gravis patients undergoing thymectomy.

LIU Wansu， as the foremost of the four great masters of the Jin-Yuan period， established the "theory of fire-heat'' and extended the fire-heat pathogenesis framework to the field of stroke， thereby forming the theory of ''fire-heat inducing stroke''. This achieved a paradigmatic shift in stroke etiology from ''exogenous wind inducing stroke'' to ''fire-heat inducing stroke''. This paper systematically reviews the developmental trajectory of LIU Wansu's ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory and explores the social background， academic origins， and core connotations of its theoretical construction. The study found that， based on the ''Nineteen Pathomechanisms'' in the Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing） and combined with clinical practice， LIU Wansu proposed that fire-heat is the fundamental cause of stroke， and that the Six Climatic Factors and the Five Zhi-Emotions can all transform into fire. He further constructed a stratified syndrome differentiation and therapeutic system centered on clearing heat and purging fire， emphasizing differentiated treatment of exterior and interior syndromes， Six Meridians syndrome differentiation， and seasonally adjusted medication. This theory not only resolved the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of febrile epidemic diseases during the Jin-Yuan period， but also exerted a profound influence on later physicians such as ZHANG Zihe and ZHU Danxi， thereby promoting the pluralistic development of stroke theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Modern pharmacological research provides solid scientific evidence， confirming that the ''fire-heat'' pathological state is highly associated with key mechanisms such as excessive inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， and excitatory amino acid toxicity following cerebral ischemia. Heat-clearing and fire-purging prescriptions and agents， such as Huanglian Jiedu Tang and baicalin， can exert multi-target neuroprotective effects by regulating inflammatory signaling， enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity， and balancing neurotransmitters. This not only verifies the scientific basis of the ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory from a modern biological perspective but also provides conclusive evidence for the clinical application of heat-clearing and fire-purging therapy. LIU Wansu's ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory represents a major milestone in the historical understanding of stroke pathogenesis， and its academically transitional insights continue to hold core guiding value for the pattern identification and treatment of ischemic stroke today.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether Huanglian Jiedutang can inhibit neutrophil infiltration in the brains of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） mice by regulating the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes， thereby achieving therapeutic effects. MethodsA total of 130 male specific pathogen-free （SPF） C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups： Sham-operated group， MCAO model group， Huanglian Jiedutang group （6 g·kg^-1）， and Ginaton group （21.6 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in the Ginaton group and 40 mice in each of the remaining three groups. Mice in the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group were administered the corresponding drugs by oral gavage once daily at a volume of 0.15 mL·（10 g）^-1 for 7 consecutive days， while the sham-operated and model groups received an equal volume of saline via the same route. After 7 days， MCAO surgery was performed. The distal and proximal ends of the right common carotid artery （CCA） were ligated， a small incision was made between the two ligatures， and a silicone rubber-coated monofilament with a rounded tip was inserted into the lumen to occlude the CCA. The filament was left in place for 1 h to establish a focal cerebral ischemia model. At 24 h after modeling， mice were evaluated. Neurological function was assessed using the Longa score. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Cerebral blood flow was observed by laser speckle imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe pathological changes in brain tissues. Exosomes were isolated from mouse plasma and brain tissues by ultracentrifugation and molecular size exclusion and identified by electron microscopy， particle size analysis， and protein blotting. Long-chain RNA libraries of exosomes were constructed and sequenced. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the protein expression of inflammatory factors and neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from brain tissues of each group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the neutrophil-specific protein myeloperoxidase （MPO） in the brains of mice in each group. ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group， the model group showed decreased neurological function scores （P<0.01）， obvious cerebral infarction （P<0.01）， reduced cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， neuronal necrosis in the brain， and decreased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Huanglian Jiedutang group and the Ginaton group showed increased neurological function scores （P<0.05）， reduced cerebral infarct volume （P<0.01）， restored cerebral blood flow （P<0.01）， reduced necrotic cells in the brain， and increased numbers of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. In the Huanglian Jiedutang group， the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL3， CXCL10， CCL2， and CCL3 in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of IL-1β， MPO， CXCL2， and CXCL10 in exosomes from brain tissues were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and MPO-positive rates and mean optical density values in brain tissues were decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionHuanglian Jiedutang can effectively regulate the expression of neutrophil-related chemokines in exosomes from plasma and brain tissues of MCAO mice， thereby reducing neutrophil infiltration in the brain and achieving therapeutic effects.

AIM: To detect the distribution and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in radiation retinopathy(RR)through fluorescence targeted imaging.METHODS:Covalent binding of fluorescein FITC with VEGF antibody ranibizumab to prepare targeted fluorescent imaging probe ranibizumab-FITC. SD rats were randomly divided into three groups based on the principle of weight balance: a normal control group(Con group), a low-dose radiation group(10 Gy group), and a high-dose radiation group(30 Gy group). Medical linear accelerators and lead blocks were used to locally irradiate the rat eyeballs for modeling. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF-A in each group and to screen for appropriate modeling dose. The inverted fluorescence microscope and the confocal microscope were used to observe the distribution of VEGF and imaging probes in the retinas of control and RR model group rats, and to verify the effectiveness of targeted probes.RESULTS:The expression level of VEGF-A in the retina of rats in the high-dose radiation group(30 Gy group)was higher than that in the normal control group(Con group). In early RR, VEGF expression was observed to be associated with microaneurysms and abnormal microvessels in the retina. VEGF accumulation was observed at the site of capillary wall damage. When retinal capillary endothelial damage occurred, targeted probes gathered on the outer surface of the vessel wall.CONCLUSION:The expression level of VEGF in the retina of RR model rats is elevated, and fluorescent targeted molecular imaging probes can detect the spatial distribution of VEGF at the microvascular lesions in the retina of RR rats.

LIU Wansu， as the foremost of the four great masters of the Jin-Yuan period， established the "theory of fire-heat'' and extended the fire-heat pathogenesis framework to the field of stroke， thereby forming the theory of ''fire-heat inducing stroke''. This achieved a paradigmatic shift in stroke etiology from ''exogenous wind inducing stroke'' to ''fire-heat inducing stroke''. This paper systematically reviews the developmental trajectory of LIU Wansu's ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory and explores the social background， academic origins， and core connotations of its theoretical construction. The study found that， based on the ''Nineteen Pathomechanisms'' in the Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing） and combined with clinical practice， LIU Wansu proposed that fire-heat is the fundamental cause of stroke， and that the Six Climatic Factors and the Five Zhi-Emotions can all transform into fire. He further constructed a stratified syndrome differentiation and therapeutic system centered on clearing heat and purging fire， emphasizing differentiated treatment of exterior and interior syndromes， Six Meridians syndrome differentiation， and seasonally adjusted medication. This theory not only resolved the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas of febrile epidemic diseases during the Jin-Yuan period， but also exerted a profound influence on later physicians such as ZHANG Zihe and ZHU Danxi， thereby promoting the pluralistic development of stroke theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Modern pharmacological research provides solid scientific evidence， confirming that the ''fire-heat'' pathological state is highly associated with key mechanisms such as excessive inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， and excitatory amino acid toxicity following cerebral ischemia. Heat-clearing and fire-purging prescriptions and agents， such as Huanglian Jiedu Tang and baicalin， can exert multi-target neuroprotective effects by regulating inflammatory signaling， enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity， and balancing neurotransmitters. This not only verifies the scientific basis of the ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory from a modern biological perspective but also provides conclusive evidence for the clinical application of heat-clearing and fire-purging therapy. LIU Wansu's ''fire-heat inducing stroke'' theory represents a major milestone in the historical understanding of stroke pathogenesis， and its academically transitional insights continue to hold core guiding value for the pattern identification and treatment of ischemic stroke today.