Muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells following injury. Recent advancements in bioelectronic medicine have highlighted the potential of electroceuticals—therapies that use electrical stimulation to modulate biological systems—as a promising approach to enhance muscle repair and regeneration. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation influences muscle tissue regeneration, focusing on the modulation of cellular pathways such as myogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also review the effects of various stimulation parameters, including frequency, intensity, and waveform, on muscle regeneration outcomes.Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that electroceutical interventions can accelerate recovery following muscle injury, enhance muscle strength, and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in optimizing the stimulation protocols for different injury models and in translating these findings into widespread clinical applications. Further research is necessary to establish standardized treatment regimens and to understand the long-term effects of electroceutical therapy on muscle health. This review provides insights into the current status of electroceuticals in muscle regeneration and discusses future directions for improving therapeutic efficacy.

Muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells following injury. Recent advancements in bioelectronic medicine have highlighted the potential of electroceuticals—therapies that use electrical stimulation to modulate biological systems—as a promising approach to enhance muscle repair and regeneration. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation influences muscle tissue regeneration, focusing on the modulation of cellular pathways such as myogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also review the effects of various stimulation parameters, including frequency, intensity, and waveform, on muscle regeneration outcomes.Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that electroceutical interventions can accelerate recovery following muscle injury, enhance muscle strength, and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in optimizing the stimulation protocols for different injury models and in translating these findings into widespread clinical applications. Further research is necessary to establish standardized treatment regimens and to understand the long-term effects of electroceutical therapy on muscle health. This review provides insights into the current status of electroceuticals in muscle regeneration and discusses future directions for improving therapeutic efficacy.

Muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells following injury. Recent advancements in bioelectronic medicine have highlighted the potential of electroceuticals—therapies that use electrical stimulation to modulate biological systems—as a promising approach to enhance muscle repair and regeneration. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation influences muscle tissue regeneration, focusing on the modulation of cellular pathways such as myogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also review the effects of various stimulation parameters, including frequency, intensity, and waveform, on muscle regeneration outcomes.Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that electroceutical interventions can accelerate recovery following muscle injury, enhance muscle strength, and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in optimizing the stimulation protocols for different injury models and in translating these findings into widespread clinical applications. Further research is necessary to establish standardized treatment regimens and to understand the long-term effects of electroceutical therapy on muscle health. This review provides insights into the current status of electroceuticals in muscle regeneration and discusses future directions for improving therapeutic efficacy.

Muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of muscle satellite cells following injury. Recent advancements in bioelectronic medicine have highlighted the potential of electroceuticals—therapies that use electrical stimulation to modulate biological systems—as a promising approach to enhance muscle repair and regeneration. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which electrical stimulation influences muscle tissue regeneration, focusing on the modulation of cellular pathways such as myogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also review the effects of various stimulation parameters, including frequency, intensity, and waveform, on muscle regeneration outcomes.Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that electroceutical interventions can accelerate recovery following muscle injury, enhance muscle strength, and reduce fibrosis. However, challenges remain in optimizing the stimulation protocols for different injury models and in translating these findings into widespread clinical applications. Further research is necessary to establish standardized treatment regimens and to understand the long-term effects of electroceutical therapy on muscle health. This review provides insights into the current status of electroceuticals in muscle regeneration and discusses future directions for improving therapeutic efficacy.

Objective: We compared the regenerative effects of microcurrent therapy (MT) according to the type of electric current, which were direct current microcurrent therapy (DCMT) and alternating current microcurrent therapy (ACMT) on atrophied calf muscle in cast-immobilized rabbit. Methods: Rabbits were allocated into control group (sham MT), ACMT group, and DCMT group.Before starting treatment, right gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle was immobilized by cast for 2 weeks. Compound muscle action potential of tibial nerve in nerve conduction study, circumference of calf muscle using a ruler, and thickness of medial and lateral GCM muscle measured by ultrasound, cross sectional area (CSA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ratios (%) of muscle fibers were measured on the immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The mean atrophic changes (%) in right medial and lateral GCM muscle thickness, right calf circumference, and amplitude of CMAP of the right tibial nerve in ACMT group and DCMT group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively (p＜0.05). The mean CSA (μm 2 ) of type I and type II and PCNA ratios (%) of medial and lateral GCM muscle fibers in ACMT group and DCMT group were significantly greater than those in control group, respectively (p＜0.05). There were no significant differences between the ACMT group and DCMT group at all parameters. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ACMT and DCMT showed better regeneration effect than sham MT. Microcurrent may be effective in regeneration of atrophied muscle regardless of the type of current.

Ultrasound (US) imaging is an efficient, easy to use, rapid, dynamic, noninvasive, with rare side-effects and inexpensive tool allowing for facilitated diagnosis and management of the painful shoulder. It also has advantages over other imaging modalities in the evaluation of the postoperative shoulder for rotator cuff integrity and correct anchor and suture placement, as well as rotator cuff analysis following repair surgery. Early postoperative tendons frequently had a hypo- echoic echo texture and the absence of a fibrillar pattern, which might be misinterpreted as recurrent tears. however, these features often normalized into tendons with an increased echo texture and the reappearance of a fibrillar pattern at 6 months. Based on these sequential findings, the US findings within 3 months after surgery should be interpreted with caution to accurately understand and monitor the repaired tendon status.

Objective: We compared the regenerative effects of microcurrent therapy (MT) according to the type of electric current, which were direct current microcurrent therapy (DCMT) and alternating current microcurrent therapy (ACMT) on atrophied calf muscle in cast-immobilized rabbit. Methods: Rabbits were allocated into control group (sham MT), ACMT group, and DCMT group.Before starting treatment, right gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle was immobilized by cast for 2 weeks. Compound muscle action potential of tibial nerve in nerve conduction study, circumference of calf muscle using a ruler, and thickness of medial and lateral GCM muscle measured by ultrasound, cross sectional area (CSA), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ratios (%) of muscle fibers were measured on the immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The mean atrophic changes (%) in right medial and lateral GCM muscle thickness, right calf circumference, and amplitude of CMAP of the right tibial nerve in ACMT group and DCMT group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively (p＜0.05). The mean CSA (μm 2 ) of type I and type II and PCNA ratios (%) of medial and lateral GCM muscle fibers in ACMT group and DCMT group were significantly greater than those in control group, respectively (p＜0.05). There were no significant differences between the ACMT group and DCMT group at all parameters. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ACMT and DCMT showed better regeneration effect than sham MT. Microcurrent may be effective in regeneration of atrophied muscle regardless of the type of current.

Ultrasound (US) imaging is an efficient, easy to use, rapid, dynamic, noninvasive, with rare side-effects and inexpensive tool allowing for facilitated diagnosis and management of the painful shoulder. It also has advantages over other imaging modalities in the evaluation of the postoperative shoulder for rotator cuff integrity and correct anchor and suture placement, as well as rotator cuff analysis following repair surgery. Early postoperative tendons frequently had a hypo- echoic echo texture and the absence of a fibrillar pattern, which might be misinterpreted as recurrent tears. however, these features often normalized into tendons with an increased echo texture and the reappearance of a fibrillar pattern at 6 months. Based on these sequential findings, the US findings within 3 months after surgery should be interpreted with caution to accurately understand and monitor the repaired tendon status.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic effect of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) with sleep hygiene in patients with chronic insomnia. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective, double-blinded, and randomized controlled trial. Twenty-seven patients with chronic insomnia were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups; cranial microcurrent therapy (MC) group and sham group. All patients received sleep hygiene education. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were measured at baseline (pre-treatment), and 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: In MC group, the PSQI and ISI showed a tendency to decrease consistently until 4 weeks of treatment. In sham group, PSQI and ISI initially decreased during the first 2 weeks, but it increased after 2 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that combination treatment of CES and sleep hygiene is more effective in treating chronic insomnia than sleep hygiene only as demonstrated by improvement and maintenance of sleep score for 1 month.
Education ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Prospective Studies ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate which Korean pain descriptors are frequently used in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases and compare the frequency of Korean pain descriptor according to age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis.METHOD: Two hundreds sixty nine patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases were enrolled in this study. The patients were asked to fill out a pain questionnaire using Korean. The Korean pain descriptors were collected and classified according to neurophysiological mechanism. The frequency of Korean pain descriptor was analyzed by age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis. They were divided into axial spine and peripheral joint pain group depending on the location of causal disease and shoulder pain descriptors were divided into intra-articular and bursa group.RESULTS: Among 24 Korean pain descriptors, ‘arida’ was the most common pain descriptor, followed by ‘ssusida’ and ‘jjireunda’. When the pain descriptors were classified according to neurophysiological mechanism, superficial somatic pain was the most common, followed by deep somatic pain. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the pain descriptor between axial spine and peripheral joint pain group (p=0.007). The pain descriptor ‘danggida’ was used significantly more in the patients with axial spine pain than peripheral joint pain (p=0.024). However, there was no significant difference in other factors.CONCLUSION: The patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases expressed their pain using various Korean pain descriptors with stabbing nature and superficial somatic pain. Our results may be helpful to assess and develop a new Korean pain quality measure in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases.
Arthralgia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Methods ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Neuralgia ; Nociceptive Pain ; Sensation ; Shoulder Pain ; Spine ; Subject Headings