In addition to well-known side effects such as rash, redness, and bone resorption, unexpected facial complications may occasionally occur several years after certain medical procedures. This report presents rare cases of orofacialsymptoms that developed as delayed responses to cosmetic filler injections. Three separate patients presented to theauthors’ institution with varying severities of orofacial symptoms. These symptoms, initially diagnosed clinically asinflammation or neoplasms of the parotid gland, were later identified through magnetic resonance imaging as diseases potentially associated with filler materials injected approximately 4-8 years earlier. The primary goal of this report was to inform specialists in the oral and maxillofacial field about the possibility of such complications, enabling them tomanage patient symptoms effectively and develop appropriate treatment strategies.

In patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), initial recurrence risk stratification based on clinical, histopathological, and perioperative data remains the key determinant for guiding management strategies during the first 1-2 years post-treatment. However, the adoption of ongoing risk stratification (ORS), which dynamically reassesses risk by integrating longitudinal clinical data and treatment response, enables more precise long-term prognostic assessment and facilitates highly individualized management. Building upon recent guidelines, the 2026 KTA guideline has been further refined by incorporating robust evidence from large-scale national cohorts and comprehensive systematic reviews. These updated recommendations outline contemporary concepts of ORS, risk-adapted TSH suppression targets, optimized surveillance modalities for recurrence detection, and disease-specific long-term follow-up strategies. Reflecting the paradigm shift toward de-escalated treatment, this revision integrates evolved perspectives on TSH suppression intensity, the clinical interpretation of thyroglobulin levels, and tailored follow-up intervals. These evidence-based recommendations aim to minimize unnecessary treatment and excessive surveillance in the large proportion of patients with excellent prognosis after initial therapy, while ensuring that each patient receives appropriately tailored and effective long-term management.

A unified consensus statement on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has not yet been established among the Asian member countries or regions of the Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies (AFOS). This study aimed to develop a consensus on MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis across these countries and regions. In this study, the term “Asia-Pacific” refers specifically to the Asian member countries and regions of AFOS. A structured survey consisting of nine MRONJ-related questions was distributed across 10 countries and regions to assess the level of agreement and summarize regional perspectives. In addition, a manual literature review and voting were conducted to evaluate the current evidence on MRONJ. The key aspects of MRONJ, including definition, staging, diagnosis, pathogenesis, risk factors, management, and prevention, were generally consistent among the AFOS countries and regions. The annual incidence and incidence rate of MRONJ associated with low-dose antiresorptive therapy in patients with osteoporosis ranged from 0.025% to 0.136% and 21 to 283 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively. However, evidence regarding the benefits of drug discontinuation before dental surgery, such as tooth extraction, remains insufficient. Large-scale, multinational studies across AFOS countries and regions are warranted to determine the incidence of MRONJ better and evaluate the impact of antiresorptive drug discontinuation before dental procedures. These findings may contribute to the devel opment of effective evidence-based strategies for preventing MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis.

Rectal cancer, which accounts for approximately 40% of colorectal cancers, remains a major clinical concern. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment have steadily improved rectal cancer outcomes. Considering this, the Korean Rectal Cancer Multidisciplinary (KRCM) Committee has aimed to provide clinicians and policymakers with up-to-date, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to support optimal decision-making, reflecting current evidence, the Korean healthcare context, and patient values and preferences. The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rectal Cancer version 2.0 were developed through multidisciplinary collaboration with related academic societies, building upon and updating the KRCM Clinical Practice Guidelines version 1.0 (titled “Multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of rectal cancer”). These consensus guidelines of the KRCM were established based on a comprehensive literature review, evidence synthesis, with recommendation development guided by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology, and consideration of applicability in real-world clinical practice under the national health insurance system. Each recommendation has been presented with its strength and level of evidence.

Severe midfoot Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) presents a significant surgical challenge because of extensive bone loss and poor bone quality. This report presents the outcome of a case treated with realignment arthrodesis using a superconstruct technique, supplemented by the postoperative use of denosumab. A patient with Eichenholtz Stage III CN (Brodsky Type 1 and 2) underwent a single-stage surgical reconstruction. Postoperatively, denosumab was administered to enhance bone stability. The 1-year and 1-month follow-up showed that the severe deformity had been successfully corrected to a stable, plantigrade foot, confirmed by radiographic and clinical evaluation.This case suggests that a combined surgical approach using a superconstruct with adjuvant denosumab can be an effective treatment for severe midfoot CN.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hallux valgus correction has become increasingly popular over the past decade as an alternative to traditional open osteotomy techniques. Following the limitations of first- and second-generation percutaneous techniques, third-generation MIS, characterized by percutaneous osteotomy with a Shannon burr and stable screw fixation, has shown improved reproducibility and clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the current concepts of third-generation and later MIS techniques for hallux valgus correction, focusing on the surgical principles, technical considerations, fixation strategies, and postoperative management. In addition, the clinical and radiographic outcomes of MIS are compared with conventional open osteotomies. The available evidence consistently shows that MIS provides comparable deformity correction, functional improvement, complication rates, and recurrence rates to those of open procedures, while offering advantages such as reduced early postoperative pain, smaller incisions, and faster recovery. Recent studies support expanding MIS indications to include severe hallux valgus deformities that can provide satisfactory correction and acceptable complication profiles when appropriate techniques and fixation methods are used. Despite the ongoing debates regarding the optimal osteotomy type, fixation strategy, and proximal correction in severe deformities, MIS has emerged as a safe and effective surgical option across a broad spectrum of hallux valgus severity. Continued refinement of the surgical techniques, broader application across a wide range of hallux valgus etiologies, and long-term outcome data will further define the role of MIS in hallux valgus surgery.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic outcomes of no-touch (NT) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs. tumorpuncture microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of single hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) measuring ≤3 cm. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 304 patients who underwent either NT-RFA (n = 144) or MWA (n = 160) for a single HCC measuring ≤3 cm. Comparative analyses were conducted for the overall cohort, while 81 patients per group were matched using propensity score matching (PSM). The analyzed outcomes included technical success, primary technique efficacy, local tumor progression (LTP), and major complications. Cumulative LTP was estimated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank text, while the rate of ablative margin ≥5 mm and ablation time were compared using Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests, respectively. Results: Technical success was achieved in 98.6% (142/144) and 100% (160/160) of in the NT-RFA and MWA patients, respectively before PSM (P = 0.224), and 98.8% (80/81) and 100% (81/81) after PSM (P = 1.000). The primary technique efficacies were 98.6% (142/144) and 100% (160/160) before PSM (P = 0.224), and 97.5 % (79/81) and 100% (81/81) after PSM (P = 0.497), respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative LTP rates were 1.4%, 1.4%, and 2.3%, respectively, for NTRFA and 5.1%, 8.6%, and 8.6%, respectively, for MWA before PSM (P = 0.013). After PSM, the corresponding rates were 0%, 0%, and 0% for NT-RFA, and 7.6%, 10.4%, and 10.4% for MWA (P = 0.006). Major complications were not observed. NT-RFA achieved a higher proportion, with an ablative margin ≥5 mm (88.7% [126/142] vs. 71.9% [115/160]; P < 0.001), but required longer ablation times (median, 10.0 vs. 6.0 min; P < 0.001). Conclusion NT-RFA showed superior local tumor control compared to MWA, despite greater procedural complexity and longer ablation times.

Chrysoeriol, a flavonoid naturally found in several plants, including Danggui Susan, a traditional herbal medicine, exhibits promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Its potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases, primarily through inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation, has attracted significant interest. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antiplatelet effects of chrysoeriol. The compound effectively suppressed collagen-induced platelet aggregation without inducing cytotoxicity. Chrysoeriol elevated intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), enhanced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3R) phosphorylation, and reduced cytosolic calcium (Ca2+ ) mobilization, all of which contributed to its antiplatelet action. Furthermore, chrysoeriol inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK, pathways involved in the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA 2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. These effects were accompanied by reduced TXA2 production and secretion of dense granules (ATP and serotonin). Chrysoeriol also impaired thrombin-induced clot retraction, further suggesting its capacity to regulate platelet responses and cytoskeletal rearrangements. These findings highlight chrysoeriol’s multi-target mechanisms, including modulation of cyclic nucleotides, kinase pathways, and platelet function, offering potential as a therapeutic agent to prevent thrombotic cardiovascular events.

Purpose: Non-operative management (NOM) has emerged as a promising organ-preserving strategy for patients with rectal cancer who achieve a clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, no standardized treatment protocol has been established for watch-and-wait strategies. Materials and Methods: This prospective study evaluated oncological outcomes of NOM combined with 4 months of adjuvant capecitabine. Patients with resectable rectal cancer (≤ 8 cm from the anal verge, cT2-4 or N+) underwent CRT (50-54 Gy in 25-27 fractions with capecitabine). Eight weeks post-CRT, a multidisciplinary team assessed cCR. Patients achieving cCR received six cycles of capecitabine (2 weeks on/1 week off) and were actively monitored. Results: Among 89 patients receiving CRT (2018-2023), 17 (19.1%) achieved cCR and were included. The median age was 65 years, and 64.7% were male. Eleven (64.7%) completed all six cycles of adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 31.4 months, 11 patients (64.7%) remained disease-free. Local regrowth occurred in six patients (35.3%) with 2- and 4-year rates of 34.5% and 47.6%, respectively. Five underwent radical surgery, and one received transanal excision with systemic chemotherapy. At the time of assessment, 15 patients (88.2%) showed no evidence of disease, while two (11.8%) received palliative chemotherapy. All patients were alive. Conclusion NOM with adjuvant capecitabine showed promising oncological outcomes, offering an alternative to passive watch-and-wait approaches. Further refinement through multidisciplinary strategies is warranted.

Purpose: The male predominance in the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is established; however, sex differences in the prognosis of GC remain controversial. As such, this study analyzed the prognosis of patients with GC based on age and sex. Materials and Methods: Data from 14,739 patients diagnosed with GC at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2003 and 2023 were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, histological types of GC, overall and GC-specific survival rates (age and stage stratification), and associated risk factors were analyzed. Results: Females were significantly younger (p < 0.001) and exhibited more gastric body cancers (p < 0.001) and tumors with diffuse-type or poorly differentiated histology (p < 0.001) than males. Females exhibited an advantage over males in terms of overall survival (p=0.004), but not in GC-specific survival. However, age stratification revealed significant sex differences, that females < 50 years of age exhibited survival disadvantages (p < 0.001); however, this trend was reversed with age, and females > 60 years exhibited survival advantages (p < 0.001) for both overall and GC-specific survival. This may be explained by the lower ratio of diffuse-type GC as females age. Furthermore, in the analysis according to stage, females with stage IV disease exhibited significant survival disadvantages, with significantly younger age and a higher proportion of diffuse-type GC which exhibits aggressive features, resulting in poorer survival than in males. Conclusion Age and stage stratification revealed significant differences in survival between the sexes, which can be helpful for public health strategies.