We investigated whether endurance exercise training (EXT) ameliorates circadian rhythm (CR)-induced risk factors by improving skeletal muscle (SKM) mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating apoptotic protein expression. We distinguished between regular and shift workers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and investigated the health problems caused by shift work (CR disturbance) and the potential therapeutic effects of exercise. In our animal study, 36 rats underwent 12 weeks of CR disturbance, divided into regular and irregular CR groups. These groups were further split into EXT (n = 12) and sedentary (n = 12) for an additional 8 weeks. We analyzed SKM tissue to understand the molecular changes induced by CR and EXT. NHANES data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Prism 8 software, while experimental animal data were analyzed using Prism 8 software. The statistical procedures used in each experiment are indicated in the figure legends. Our studies showed that CR disturbance increases dyslipidemia, alters circadian clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2), raises apoptotic protein levels, and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in SKM. EXT improved LDL-C and HDLC levels without affecting muscle BMAL1 expression. It also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Tfam, NADH-UO, COX-I), antioxidant levels (Catalase, SOD1, SOD2), and apoptotic protein (p53, Bax/Bcl2) expression or activity in SKM. We demonstrated that shift work-induced CR disturbance leads to dyslipidemia, diminished mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced antioxidant capacity in SKM. However, EXT can counteract dyslipidemia under CR disturbance, potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether micro-flow imaging (MFI) offers diagnostic performance comparable to that of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in detecting segmental congestion among patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: Data from 63 patients who underwent LDLT between May and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. MFI and CEUS data collected on the first postoperative day were quantified. Segmental congestion was assessed based on imaging findings and laboratory data, including liver enzymes and total bilirubin levels. The reference standard was a postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan performed within 2 weeks of surgery. Additionally, a subgroup analysis examined patients who underwent reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein territory. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of MFI were 73.9% and 67.5%, respectively. In comparison, CEUS demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 75.0%. These findings suggest comparable diagnostic performance, with no significant differences in sensitivity (P=0.655) or specificity (P=0.257) between the two modalities. Additionally, early postoperative laboratory values did not show significant differences between patients with and without congestion. The subgroup analysis also indicated similar diagnostic performance between MFI and CEUS. Conclusion MFI without contrast enhancement yielded results comparable to those of CEUS in detecting segmental congestion after LDLT. Therefore, MFI may be considered a viable alternative to CEUS.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

We investigated whether endurance exercise training (EXT) ameliorates circadian rhythm (CR)-induced risk factors by improving skeletal muscle (SKM) mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating apoptotic protein expression. We distinguished between regular and shift workers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and investigated the health problems caused by shift work (CR disturbance) and the potential therapeutic effects of exercise. In our animal study, 36 rats underwent 12 weeks of CR disturbance, divided into regular and irregular CR groups. These groups were further split into EXT (n = 12) and sedentary (n = 12) for an additional 8 weeks. We analyzed SKM tissue to understand the molecular changes induced by CR and EXT. NHANES data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Prism 8 software, while experimental animal data were analyzed using Prism 8 software. The statistical procedures used in each experiment are indicated in the figure legends. Our studies showed that CR disturbance increases dyslipidemia, alters circadian clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2), raises apoptotic protein levels, and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in SKM. EXT improved LDL-C and HDLC levels without affecting muscle BMAL1 expression. It also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Tfam, NADH-UO, COX-I), antioxidant levels (Catalase, SOD1, SOD2), and apoptotic protein (p53, Bax/Bcl2) expression or activity in SKM. We demonstrated that shift work-induced CR disturbance leads to dyslipidemia, diminished mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced antioxidant capacity in SKM. However, EXT can counteract dyslipidemia under CR disturbance, potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether micro-flow imaging (MFI) offers diagnostic performance comparable to that of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in detecting segmental congestion among patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: Data from 63 patients who underwent LDLT between May and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. MFI and CEUS data collected on the first postoperative day were quantified. Segmental congestion was assessed based on imaging findings and laboratory data, including liver enzymes and total bilirubin levels. The reference standard was a postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan performed within 2 weeks of surgery. Additionally, a subgroup analysis examined patients who underwent reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein territory. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of MFI were 73.9% and 67.5%, respectively. In comparison, CEUS demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 75.0%. These findings suggest comparable diagnostic performance, with no significant differences in sensitivity (P=0.655) or specificity (P=0.257) between the two modalities. Additionally, early postoperative laboratory values did not show significant differences between patients with and without congestion. The subgroup analysis also indicated similar diagnostic performance between MFI and CEUS. Conclusion MFI without contrast enhancement yielded results comparable to those of CEUS in detecting segmental congestion after LDLT. Therefore, MFI may be considered a viable alternative to CEUS.

We investigated whether endurance exercise training (EXT) ameliorates circadian rhythm (CR)-induced risk factors by improving skeletal muscle (SKM) mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating apoptotic protein expression. We distinguished between regular and shift workers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and investigated the health problems caused by shift work (CR disturbance) and the potential therapeutic effects of exercise. In our animal study, 36 rats underwent 12 weeks of CR disturbance, divided into regular and irregular CR groups. These groups were further split into EXT (n = 12) and sedentary (n = 12) for an additional 8 weeks. We analyzed SKM tissue to understand the molecular changes induced by CR and EXT. NHANES data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Prism 8 software, while experimental animal data were analyzed using Prism 8 software. The statistical procedures used in each experiment are indicated in the figure legends. Our studies showed that CR disturbance increases dyslipidemia, alters circadian clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2), raises apoptotic protein levels, and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in SKM. EXT improved LDL-C and HDLC levels without affecting muscle BMAL1 expression. It also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Tfam, NADH-UO, COX-I), antioxidant levels (Catalase, SOD1, SOD2), and apoptotic protein (p53, Bax/Bcl2) expression or activity in SKM. We demonstrated that shift work-induced CR disturbance leads to dyslipidemia, diminished mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced antioxidant capacity in SKM. However, EXT can counteract dyslipidemia under CR disturbance, potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether micro-flow imaging (MFI) offers diagnostic performance comparable to that of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in detecting segmental congestion among patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: Data from 63 patients who underwent LDLT between May and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. MFI and CEUS data collected on the first postoperative day were quantified. Segmental congestion was assessed based on imaging findings and laboratory data, including liver enzymes and total bilirubin levels. The reference standard was a postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan performed within 2 weeks of surgery. Additionally, a subgroup analysis examined patients who underwent reconstruction of the middle hepatic vein territory. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of MFI were 73.9% and 67.5%, respectively. In comparison, CEUS demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 75.0%. These findings suggest comparable diagnostic performance, with no significant differences in sensitivity (P=0.655) or specificity (P=0.257) between the two modalities. Additionally, early postoperative laboratory values did not show significant differences between patients with and without congestion. The subgroup analysis also indicated similar diagnostic performance between MFI and CEUS. Conclusion MFI without contrast enhancement yielded results comparable to those of CEUS in detecting segmental congestion after LDLT. Therefore, MFI may be considered a viable alternative to CEUS.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is difficult to characterize and classify on simple radiographs. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of simple radiography and computed tomography (CT) for detecting and classifying HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). It was hypothesized that CT would provide more reliable results than simple radiography. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 30 patients who underwent RSA performed by a single surgeon. Patients were included if they had both postoperative simple radiographs and CT images taken immediately after surgery and at 1 year after surgery and if they had completed clinical assessment at least 1 year after surgery. We first evaluated the intraobserver and interobserver reliability for the detection of the presence of HO and Modified Brooker’s classification both on simple radiographs and CT scans with the use of Kappa statistics. Then, we analyzed the correlation of HO observed in simple radiographs and CT scans with clinical outcomes. All radiographic evaluations were performed by 2 independent reviewers in random orders with 3 weeks of intervals. Results: The intraobserver reliability outcomes of both reviewers in simple radiography and CT were almost perfect or perfect for the detection of HO and classification. However, CT images improved the interobserver reliability for the detection of HO (kappa value for simple radiographs [KXR ] = 0.6018 and kappa value for CT [KCT ] = 0.8316) and classification (KXR = 0.5300 and KCT = 0.6964).At a mean follow-up of 25 months (range, 12–54 months), clinical scores were not significantly different according to the presence of HO based on simple radiographs. However, when CT images were used, the University of California, Los Angeles score and physical component score of short-form 36-item health survey were significantly lower in patients with HO than in patients without HO (27.0 vs. 30.4, p = 0.045 and 57.6 vs. 70.7, p = 0.034, respectively). Conclusions Both simple radiography and CT provided excellent intraobserver reliability for detecting and classifying HO after RSA. Compared to simple radiography, CT tended to improve interobserver reliability and defined the presence and severity of HO more clearly.

We investigated whether endurance exercise training (EXT) ameliorates circadian rhythm (CR)-induced risk factors by improving skeletal muscle (SKM) mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating apoptotic protein expression. We distinguished between regular and shift workers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and investigated the health problems caused by shift work (CR disturbance) and the potential therapeutic effects of exercise. In our animal study, 36 rats underwent 12 weeks of CR disturbance, divided into regular and irregular CR groups. These groups were further split into EXT (n = 12) and sedentary (n = 12) for an additional 8 weeks. We analyzed SKM tissue to understand the molecular changes induced by CR and EXT. NHANES data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 and Prism 8 software, while experimental animal data were analyzed using Prism 8 software. The statistical procedures used in each experiment are indicated in the figure legends. Our studies showed that CR disturbance increases dyslipidemia, alters circadian clock proteins (BMAL1, PER2), raises apoptotic protein levels, and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis in SKM. EXT improved LDL-C and HDLC levels without affecting muscle BMAL1 expression. It also enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Tfam, NADH-UO, COX-I), antioxidant levels (Catalase, SOD1, SOD2), and apoptotic protein (p53, Bax/Bcl2) expression or activity in SKM. We demonstrated that shift work-induced CR disturbance leads to dyslipidemia, diminished mitochondrial biogenesis, and reduced antioxidant capacity in SKM. However, EXT can counteract dyslipidemia under CR disturbance, potentially lowering the risk of cardiovascular disorders.