Purpose: Robotic adrenalectomy was developed to address the limitations of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and enhance the visualization, dexterity, and control of surgeons performing this beneficial minimally invasive technique. This study compared the clinical and perioperative outcomes of lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy using da Vinci SP and Xi robotic systems (Intuitive Surgical). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 84 patients who underwent robotic adrenalectomies at a single institution between January 2019 and July 2024. Sixty-two and 22 patients were treated with da Vinci Xi and SP systems, respectively. Results: No significant differences in patient demographics, tumor size, or postoperative hospital stay between the 2 groups were observed. The SP system demonstrated significantly shorter operative times for right-sided adrenalectomy (81.0 ± 17.1 minutes vs. 113.3 ± 26.2 minutes, P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed in overall operative time (104.9 ± 28.2 minutes for Xi vs. 93.5 ± 23.2 minutes for SP, P = 0.094) or left adrenalectomy (99.9 ± 28.4 minutes for Xi vs. 104.0 ± 23.0 minutes for SP, P = 0.253). Conclusion The da Vinci Xi and SP systems are both effective for robotic adrenalectomy, with the SP system showing particular advantages in right-sided procedures.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomies. Methods: In this retrospective study, 93 patients underwent adrenalectomy using 2 surgical modalities: 45 patients underwent adrenalectomy using the da Vinci Xi system (robotic group), and 48 patients using laparoscopic devices (laparoscopic group). We compared the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, and hospital stay according to the surgical modality and tumor characteristics. Results: There were no significant differences in the operative time (P = 0.827), hospital stay (P = 0.177), and intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.174) between the groups. However, the robotic group showed a lower coefficient of variation in total operative time than that of the laparoscopic group (100.6 ± 23.3 minutes vs. 101.9±32.7 minutes, 0.230 vs. 0.321). When divided into 2 subgroups based on the tumor size (<3 cm and ≥3 cm), the robotic group with a tumor sized >3 cm had a shorter operative time than that of the laparoscopic group (P = 0.032). The robotic group also had fewer cases of intraoperative bleeding (P = 0.034). Conclusions Compared to the laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy, the robotic one achieved a lower deviation in total operative time and showed less bleeding and a shorter operative time, especially for tumors sized >3 cm.

Purpose: This study aimed to independently analyze pediatric trauma characteristics from a single institution in Korea to gain a better understanding of pediatric injury. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at a single, non-regional trauma center using data from 303 children (< 8 years) who presented at the emergency department (March 2010 to December 2018), to determine the frequency and details of admissions. Demographic variables [sex, age, mechanism of injury, regions of trauma on the body, score of the injury (abbreviated injury scale)] location where the trauma occurred, injury severity score, history of surgery, mortality, and cumulative length of hospital stay], were used to evaluate the severity of the trauma. Results: The frequency of admissions was typically high for all seasons except winter. The most common mechanism of injury was due to falls; however, this was not the case for 1-, 2-, and 4-yearolds. The most common location where trauma occurred was at home for the age group 1-3 years, and outside the home for children aged 4 years or older. The most common area of injury was the extremities (65.7%). The median injury severity score was 4 (range, 4-4), and the median hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2-6). The overall mortality rate was 0.3%. Conclusion Although mortality from trauma is low among pediatric patients, we must continue to improve treatment outcomes. Hospitals lack sufficient resources for pediatric trauma specialists, however to improve patient outcome, it is necessary to recognize age-specific trauma characteristics.

Purpose: This study aimed to independently analyze pediatric trauma characteristics from a single institution in Korea to gain a better understanding of pediatric injury. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted at a single, non-regional trauma center using data from 303 children (< 8 years) who presented at the emergency department (March 2010 to December 2018), to determine the frequency and details of admissions. Demographic variables [sex, age, mechanism of injury, regions of trauma on the body, score of the injury (abbreviated injury scale)] location where the trauma occurred, injury severity score, history of surgery, mortality, and cumulative length of hospital stay], were used to evaluate the severity of the trauma. Results: The frequency of admissions was typically high for all seasons except winter. The most common mechanism of injury was due to falls; however, this was not the case for 1-, 2-, and 4-yearolds. The most common location where trauma occurred was at home for the age group 1-3 years, and outside the home for children aged 4 years or older. The most common area of injury was the extremities (65.7%). The median injury severity score was 4 (range, 4-4), and the median hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2-6). The overall mortality rate was 0.3%. Conclusion Although mortality from trauma is low among pediatric patients, we must continue to improve treatment outcomes. Hospitals lack sufficient resources for pediatric trauma specialists, however to improve patient outcome, it is necessary to recognize age-specific trauma characteristics.