Objective:Based on the functional classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s rehabilitation set (ICF-RS), the data available in the open database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed longitudinally to construct the development trajectories of different functional dimensions among China′s elderly population.Methods:The CHARLS data for 2013, 2015 and 2018 describing persons aged 60 and older were distributed using the ICF-RS′s classification structure. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) was then applied to analyze the characteristics of the development trajectories of physical functioning, daily activities and social participation.Results:Different development trajectory subtypes emerged from the data. A gradual decline in physical functioning was evident throughout the study period, while daily activities first improved and then declined. Social participation was in decline throughout the period. There were, however, significant differences in the initial functional level, the degree of decline and the degree of decline reversal among the different subtype groups.Conclusions:The overall functional performance of the elderly in China shows a downward trend, but some functional dimensions can still improve with time, at least during the specific period covered in this open database. It is recommended that the ICF-RS be integrated into the CHARLS to comprehensively assess the classification of function and developmental changes among China′s elderly.

Objective To investigate the immediate effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)combined with seated Tai-jiquan Yunshou training under different sequences on cerebral cortical activation in stroke patients with hemiple-gia.Methods From September to December,2024,14 stroke inpatients with hemiplegia were enrolled from the Fifth Hospi-tal of Xiamen.Based on the routine medication and rehabilitation,the patients were randomly assigned to a spe-cific intervention sequence,receiving three interventions in a fixed order:tDCS followed by Yunshou(S-Y group),Yunshou followed by tDCS(Y-S group),and simultaneous tDCS and Yunshou(Sim group).Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to detect oxyhemoglobin(HbO?)concentration in bilateral sensorimotor cor-tex,premotor and supplementary motor cortex,and prefrontal cortex before and after each intervention.Results Three patients dropped out.In all the regions of interest,inter-group effects were significant in HbO? concentra-tions(F>3.697,P<0.05),and interaction effects were significant in some brain regions(F>3.276,P<0.05).Post-hoc test showed a general trend of Sim Group≥S-Y Group>Y-S Group(P<0.05),although some varia-tions existed across different brain regions.Conclusion Both simultaneous intervention(tDCS and Yunshou)and tDCS followed by Yunshou are more effective on immediate activation of key motor-related cortices in stroke patients with hemiplegia than Yunshou followed by tDCS intervention.

Objective To investigate the immediate effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)combined with seated Tai-jiquan Yunshou training under different sequences on cerebral cortical activation in stroke patients with hemiple-gia.Methods From September to December,2024,14 stroke inpatients with hemiplegia were enrolled from the Fifth Hospi-tal of Xiamen.Based on the routine medication and rehabilitation,the patients were randomly assigned to a spe-cific intervention sequence,receiving three interventions in a fixed order:tDCS followed by Yunshou(S-Y group),Yunshou followed by tDCS(Y-S group),and simultaneous tDCS and Yunshou(Sim group).Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to detect oxyhemoglobin(HbO?)concentration in bilateral sensorimotor cor-tex,premotor and supplementary motor cortex,and prefrontal cortex before and after each intervention.Results Three patients dropped out.In all the regions of interest,inter-group effects were significant in HbO? concentra-tions(F>3.697,P<0.05),and interaction effects were significant in some brain regions(F>3.276,P<0.05).Post-hoc test showed a general trend of Sim Group≥S-Y Group>Y-S Group(P<0.05),although some varia-tions existed across different brain regions.Conclusion Both simultaneous intervention(tDCS and Yunshou)and tDCS followed by Yunshou are more effective on immediate activation of key motor-related cortices in stroke patients with hemiplegia than Yunshou followed by tDCS intervention.

Objective:Based on the functional classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health′s rehabilitation set (ICF-RS), the data available in the open database of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed longitudinally to construct the development trajectories of different functional dimensions among China′s elderly population.Methods:The CHARLS data for 2013, 2015 and 2018 describing persons aged 60 and older were distributed using the ICF-RS′s classification structure. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) was then applied to analyze the characteristics of the development trajectories of physical functioning, daily activities and social participation.Results:Different development trajectory subtypes emerged from the data. A gradual decline in physical functioning was evident throughout the study period, while daily activities first improved and then declined. Social participation was in decline throughout the period. There were, however, significant differences in the initial functional level, the degree of decline and the degree of decline reversal among the different subtype groups.Conclusions:The overall functional performance of the elderly in China shows a downward trend, but some functional dimensions can still improve with time, at least during the specific period covered in this open database. It is recommended that the ICF-RS be integrated into the CHARLS to comprehensively assess the classification of function and developmental changes among China′s elderly.

Objective To explore the applicability of the histological features of plexiform bone and osteon banding to species identification. Methods 35 ground cross sections of the tibial midshaft collected from 10 human cadavers, 10 pigs, 5 cattle, 5 dogs, and 5 sheep, were observed under light microscope at 100-fold magnification. Results Plexiform bone and osteon banding were mostly observed in nonhuman bones, whereas rarely in human bones. Additionally, histological structures also varied with different individuals within a species. Conclusion The plexiform bone and osteon banding are the two important characteristics for certifying nonhuman bone in species identification.