The paper introduces the reconstruction of Professor JI Laixi's modern paradigm of thought, "making use of various therapeutic methods". Professor JI Laixi reveres the concept of "integration of western medicine and TCM" and advocates the "combination of advantageous techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion". Guided by the concept of "combination of superiority, and coordinated adjustment", a multi-mode intervention is delivered in treatment, including the operation with the nine needles, relaxation with acupotomy, acupoint thread-embedding, Chinese herbal compounds and adjuvant therapy with western medicines, so as to obtain dynamic adjustment of multiple targets and levels, "taking effectiveness as the first priority". The pathway of clinical practice is determined and clear, which provides a paradigm of "upholding the right and innovating" for the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; China ; Moxibustion/history* ; History, 20th Century ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history* ; Acupuncture/history*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in the regulation of neuronal activity and expression of synapse-related proteins in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) of insomnia rats treated by acupuncture. METHODS: A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of clean grade were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, an acupuncture group, and an acupuncture+antagonist group, with 9 rats in each group. The model group, the acupuncture group, and the acupuncture+antagonist group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) to establish insomnia model. After successful modeling, the acupuncture group and the acupuncture+antagonist group received acupuncture at bilateral Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36) once daily for 5 consecutive days. Thirty min before each acupuncture session, the acupuncture+antagonist group was intraperitoneally injected with methyllycaconitine citrate (MLA), an α7-nAChR antagonist, at a dosage of 5 mg/kg while the acupuncture group received the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The rats' daytime spontaneous activity was observed. Neuronal discharge in the TRN was detected using neuroelectrophysiological methods. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect parvalbumin-positive (PV⁺) neurons and co-expression of PV⁺ and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the TRN. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the model group showed increased daytime spontaneous activity (P<0.01); decreased average fluorescence intensity and positive number of PV⁺ neurons in the TRN (P<0.01); decreased neuronal discharge frequency (P<0.01), prolonged inter-discharge intervals (P<0.01) in the TRN; reduced number of PV⁺/PSD-95 double-positive cells in the TRN (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the acupuncture group showed decreased daytime spontaneous activity (P<0.01); increased average fluorescence intensity and positive number of PV⁺ neurons in the TRN (P<0.01); increased neuronal discharge frequency (P<0.01), shortened inter-discharge intervals (P<0.01) in the TRN; increased number of PV⁺/PSD-95 double-positive cells in the TRN (P<0.05). Compared with the acupuncture group, the acupuncture+antagonist group exhibited increased daytime spontaneous activity (P<0.01); reduced average fluorescence intensity and positive number of PV⁺ neurons in the TRN (P<0.01); decreased neuronal discharge frequency (P<0.05), prolonged inter-discharge intervals (P<0.05) in the TRN; reduced number of PV⁺/PSD-95 double-positive cells in the TRN (P<0.01). CONCLUSION α7-nAChR are involved in mediating the regulatory effect of acupuncture on circadian rhythm disturbances in PCPA-induced insomnia rats. Blocking α7-nAChR attenuates the activating effect of acupuncture on TRN neurons, and reduces the expression of PSD-95 protein on GABAergic neurons.
Animals ; Male ; Acupuncture Therapy ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/genetics* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Humans ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiopathology* ; Acupuncture Points ; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at different time on dorsal root ganglion(DRG)in neuropathic pain(NP)mice.Different regulatory effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and substance P(SP)in DRG.Methods A total of64 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two intervention groups:ZT8 group and ZT16 group,among which two intervention groups were randomly divided into control group(8 mice),sham-operation group(8 mice),model group(8 mice)and acupuncture group(8 mice).The chronic constriction injury(CCI)model was prepared by sciatic nerve ligation in model group and acupuncture group,and only the sutured wound after sciatic nerve was exposed in sham-operation group.On the 8th day after operation,acupuncture treatment was performed on mice in the acupuncture group.The intervention methods were the same in the two groups,only the acupuncture time was different.The"Yanglingquan"on the surgical side was taken at the acupoint,and manual acupuncture and needle were performed once a day for 15 minutes each time.The mechanical pain and thermal pain thresholds of each group of mice were measured at 3,7,10 and 14 days after modeling to evaluate their pain.The expression of SP and TRPV1 in the L4-6 DRG on the surgical side of mice was observed by immunofluorescence double labeling method,and the SP content in the tissue around the sciatic nerve on the affected side and the skin on the dorsal fibra of the foot was determined by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results ① Acupuncture intervention could improve mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI mice.And ZT8 time point acupuncture effect is better than ZT16 time point.②Acupuncture can significantly reduce the expression of TRPV1 and SP in DRG of CCI mice,and the effect of acupuncture at ZT8 time point is better than that at ZT16 time point.③Acupuncture can significantly reduce the SP concentration in the peripheral tissue of CCI mice,and the effect of acupuncture at ZT8 time point is better than that at ZT16 time point.④Acupuncture could significantly reduce the SP concentration in the distal skin of the injured nerve in CCI mice,and there was no significant difference between ZT8 and ZT16.Conclusion Acupuncture at different time has different regulation effects on hyperalgesia in CCI mice,and the regulation effect of ZT8 is better than that of ZT16.This may be related to the different regulatory effects of acupuncture at different time on the expression of TRPV1 and SP in DRG of CCI mice and the local SP concentration of injured nerves.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at different time on dorsal root ganglion(DRG)in neuropathic pain(NP)mice.Different regulatory effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and substance P(SP)in DRG.Methods A total of64 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two intervention groups:ZT8 group and ZT16 group,among which two intervention groups were randomly divided into control group(8 mice),sham-operation group(8 mice),model group(8 mice)and acupuncture group(8 mice).The chronic constriction injury(CCI)model was prepared by sciatic nerve ligation in model group and acupuncture group,and only the sutured wound after sciatic nerve was exposed in sham-operation group.On the 8th day after operation,acupuncture treatment was performed on mice in the acupuncture group.The intervention methods were the same in the two groups,only the acupuncture time was different.The"Yanglingquan"on the surgical side was taken at the acupoint,and manual acupuncture and needle were performed once a day for 15 minutes each time.The mechanical pain and thermal pain thresholds of each group of mice were measured at 3,7,10 and 14 days after modeling to evaluate their pain.The expression of SP and TRPV1 in the L4-6 DRG on the surgical side of mice was observed by immunofluorescence double labeling method,and the SP content in the tissue around the sciatic nerve on the affected side and the skin on the dorsal fibra of the foot was determined by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results ① Acupuncture intervention could improve mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI mice.And ZT8 time point acupuncture effect is better than ZT16 time point.②Acupuncture can significantly reduce the expression of TRPV1 and SP in DRG of CCI mice,and the effect of acupuncture at ZT8 time point is better than that at ZT16 time point.③Acupuncture can significantly reduce the SP concentration in the peripheral tissue of CCI mice,and the effect of acupuncture at ZT8 time point is better than that at ZT16 time point.④Acupuncture could significantly reduce the SP concentration in the distal skin of the injured nerve in CCI mice,and there was no significant difference between ZT8 and ZT16.Conclusion Acupuncture at different time has different regulation effects on hyperalgesia in CCI mice,and the regulation effect of ZT8 is better than that of ZT16.This may be related to the different regulatory effects of acupuncture at different time on the expression of TRPV1 and SP in DRG of CCI mice and the local SP concentration of injured nerves.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on the inflammatory changes of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,α7nAChRs)in rats with chronic migraine(CM).Methods Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(VEH group),model group(NTG group),acupuncture group(TA group),α7nAChRs antagonist group(MLA group)and α7nAChRs agonist group(TA group)according to basic pain threshold.The rat model of CM was established by repeated subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin(NTG)at the neck and back every other day.TA group and MLA group received acupuncture treatment one hour before NTG injection,20 minutes every day for 9 consecutive days.The MLA group was intraperitoneally injected with α7nAChRs antagonist MLA half an hours before acupuncture,and the PNU group was intraperitoneally injected with α7nAChRs agonist PNU-282987 half an hours before NTG injection,both groups were injected continuously for 9 days.The changes of paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(Paw Withdrawal Mechanical Threshold,PWMT)and tail-flick latency(Tail-Flick Latency,TFL)were detected by Von Frey and thermal radiation pain meter.The contents of inflammatory factors IL-1β,TNF-α and TGF-β in TNC and serum were determined by ELISA.The relative fluorescence intensity and co-expression of GFAP and α7nAChRs in TNC were detected by immunofluorescence dual labeling method.Results Compared with VEH group,PWMT and TFL in NTG group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the contents of IL-1β(P<0.01)and TNF-α(P<0.01,P<0.05)in serum and TNC were significantly increased;and in TNC,the astrocytes were activated significantly(P<0.01),while the relative fluorescence intensity of α7nAChRs and the co-expression of GFAP and α7nAChRs were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with NTG group,PWMT and TFL in TA group were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the contents of IL-1β(P<0.01)and TNF-α(P<0.01,P<0.05)in serum and TNC were increased;and in TNC,the relative fluorescence intensity of GFAP was significantly decreased(P<0.01),however the relative fluorescence intensity of α7nAChRs and the co-expression of GFAP and α7nAChRs were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with MLA group,PWMT and TFL in TA groups and PNU groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The contents of IL-1β(P<0.05)and TNF-α(P<0.01)in serum and TNC of TA group were increased,while the contents of TGF-β(P<0.05)were decreased.The contents of IL-1β in serum and TNC of PNU group were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),while the contents of TGF-β(P<0.01)were significantly increased.Conclusions Acupuncture can effectively relieve CM inflammatory response and hypersensitivity to pain,and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects may be related to the up-regulation of α7nAChRs expression.

Objective Due to the increasing number but unknown quality of the existing systematic reviews meta-analyses(SRs/MAs)of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue(CRF),this overview aimed to systematically evaluate and synthesize these SRs/MAs.Methods SRs/MAs were searched via 8 databases from inception to February 22,2022.AMSTAR 2,PRISMA and GRADE evaluation tools were used to evaluate the quality of reports,methodologies and evidence included in MAs/SRs.All analyses were performed with radar plots.Results 16 SRs/MAs were included.The main outcome index was the degree of fatigue.The results of 12 articles showed that acupuncture could effectively alleviate CRF.According to AMSTAR-2,4 SRs/MAs were considered being of high quality,10 medium quality and 2 low quality.There are 12 articles with PRISMA score of 16-24 and 4 articles with PRISMA score of 15-20.5,which mainly have defects in protocol registration and inter study bias.Amstar 2 evaluation includes 4 high-quality studies,studies.Grade rating shows that the evidence quality of acupuncture treatment of CRF is mostly medium,and the main factor of degradation is inaccuracy.Conclusions At present,the SRS/MAS report of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of CRF is complete,and the quality of methodology and evidence is medium.It is suggested that SRS/MAS improve the program registration and funding source description in the future to enhance the assessment of the risk of inter study bias.

Objective Based on the theory of"gut-brain",this study explored the effect of acupuncture on the gut microbiota and central inflammation in migraine model rats,in order to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine from the perspective of"gut-brain".Methods The migraine rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin.They were randomly divided into a model group and an acupuncture group,with 6 rats in each group,and a control group with 6 rats for conventional binding and fixation.Before modeling and on the 1st,5th,and 9th days after modeling,each group used electronic VonFrey to measure the plantar mechanical pain threshold of rats.After the experiment,Elisa was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in the central trigeminal spinal nucleus of the rats in each group.Three-generation Pacbio full-length microbial diversity sequencing was used to perform 16S full-length rDNA sequencing on each group of fecal samples to detect the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)clustering and its abundance,Alpha diversity index,Beta diversity index,species among the samples in each group.differences in abundance.Results In migraine model rats,plantar mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased(P<0.01),central IL-6 and TNF-α contents were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the structure and abundance of gut microbiota were abnormal.change(P<0.01).Continuous acupuncture treatment can significantly increase the plantar mechanical pain threshold in migraine rats(P<0.01),regulate the diversity of gut microbiota in migraine rats,increase Lactobacillus murine,and reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus enterobacteriaceae.degree(P<0.05),and decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the central nervous system of migraine model rats(P<0.01).Conclusion Acupuncture can exert the"gut-brain"anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine by regulating the gut microbiota structure and the expression of central IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory factors in migraine model rats.

Objective To investigates the effect of acupuncture on sensitization of Zusanli(ST36)in rats with different functional states by using healthy and knee osteoarthritis model rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control,model,model-acupuncture and blank-acupuncture group,with 7 rats in each group.KOA rat model was prepared by intra-articular injection of 1 mg·50 μL-1 monoiodoacetic aci(MIA)in model group and model-acupuncture group.On the second day of modeling,acupuncture treatment was performed on the left Zusanli of the model acupuncture group and the blank-acupuncture group,once everyday for 20 min,5 times as a course of treatment,2 days between courses.The general condition,knee joint diameter,plantar thermal pain threshold and Lequesne MG score of rats was observed before modeling and after acupuncture.Observing the morphology of knee joint cartilage to judge whether the model is successful,measuring the mechanical pain threshold of Zusanli to investigate the acupoint sensitization,observing and counting the morphology of skin mast cells in the acupoint area,and detecting the expression of skin calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in the acupoint area.Results The mechanical pain threshold of Zusanli after acupuncture in model group and blank-acupuncture group decreased significantly after modeling(P<0.01,P<0.05),compared with the control group,the change rate of mechanical pain threshold in model group and blank-acupuncture group increased significantly(P<0.05),compared with the model group,the mechanical pain threshold of Zusanli in the model-acupuncture group decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the fluorescence intensity of CGRP protein in the skin tissue of Zusanli in the model group increased significantly(P<0.01),MC degranulation rate increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity of CGRP protein of Zusanli in the blank-acupuncture group(P>0.05),MC degranulation rate increased obviously(P<0.01),CGRP protein of Zusanli in the model-acupuncture group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the degranulation rate of MC(P>0.05).Conclusion Acupoint sensitization can occur in different functional states of rats.Zusanli(ST36)of KOA model rats can be sensitized,and acupuncture stimulation can make Zusanli sensitization caused by disease disappear.Under physiological conditions,acupuncture stimulation can induce similar sensitization phenomenon.

Objective To explorer effect of integrated traditional chinese and western medicine on hyperthyroidism and on blood glucose metabolism disorder. Methods 70 cases of patients with hyperthyroidism during March 2014 to March 2016 were randomly divided into two groups with 35 cases respectively ,and control group were treated with propylthiouracil,while observation group were treated with traditional chinese medicine on the basis of the control group.Before and after treatment,serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), triiodothyronine(FT3), thyroxine(FT4 ) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , 2 hours postprandial blood glucose(2hPG)were detected respectively,the curative effect and adverse reactions were observed. Results After treatment,the levels of TSH,FT3 and FT4 of the both two groups were significantly ameliorative (P<0.05),and FT3 ,FT4 of the observation group were significantly more ameliorative than the control group (P<0.05).The levels of FPG,2hPG of two groups were significantly depressed (P<0.05),and those of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).The clinical effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05).Adverse reactions of two groups were not significantly different. Conclusion The treatment of hyperthyroidism with traditional chinese and western medicine can significantly improve the clinical curative effect and regulate the blood glucose metabolism, and the safety is high.

Objective To observe the effects of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (cRSAB) pretreatment on the serum levels of Interleukin -6 ( IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9) at high altitude regions, so as to explore the mechanism of cRSAB for the elevation of hypoxia tolerance and the prevention of acute high altitude sickness .Methods Interventions were made on the 8 healthy subjects in accordance with different pressures (sea level pressure or simulated high altitude of 4000 m), exercise (rest state or stepping-stool exercise) and oral taking of cRSAB (7 days or 14 days).The subjects were divided into 7 groups: the conventional pressure at rest group (or group A), the conventional pressure exercise group (or group B), the hypobaric at rest group (or group C); the hypobaric exercise group (or group D), the oral-taking of cRSAB for 14 days at rest group (or group E), the oral-taking of cRSAB for 7 days exercise group (or group F), the oral-taking of cRSAB for 14 days exercise group (or group G).Then, serum concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9 at different conditions were detected by ELISA .Results As compared with those of group A[IL-6(27.93 ±1.24)pg/ml, MMP-9(270.08 ±10.90)ng/ml], the serum concentrations of IL -6 and MMP-9 in the subjects of group C [(28.96 ±1.38) pg/ml], MMP-9 [(281.50 ±12.31) ng/ml] were elevated significantly.When compared with those of group B [ IL-6 (27.74 ±1.06) pg/ml, MMP-9 (269.88 ± 9.90)ng/ml], the serum concentrations of IL -6 and MMP-9 in the group D subjects [(29.56 ±1.26)pg/ml], MMP-9 [(285.25 ±11.67) ng/ml] increased obviously.Statistical significance could be noticed , when comparisons were made between them ( P <0.05).The serum concentrations of IL -6 and MMP-9 in the subjects of group C increased, as compared with those in the subjects of group D , with statistical significance (P <0.05).At the simulated high altitude of 4000 m, the serum concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9 in the subjects of group F and group G all decreased considerably , when compared with those in subjects of group D , also with statistical significance (P <0.05).There was no statistical significance in serum concentrations of IL -6 and MMP-9, when comparisons were made between the subjects of group F and group G ( P >0.05). Conclusions At hypobaric pressure, the serum concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9 in the subjects with exercise increased obviously.IL-6 and MMP-9 might be associated with the mechanism of cRSAB in the protective effect of low pressures on human motor function .