Skin is an organ with complex structure and function. Extensive skin defects and chronic non-healing wounds cause serious problems for patients and clinicians, while traditional repair methods are still not able to completely reconstruct the structure and function of skin. To achieve complete reconstruction of skin structure and function is a great challenge that needs to be solved in the field of wound repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into any human cells, are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine research. In recent years, skin organoids constructed through in vitro cultivation of stem cells contain epidermis, dermis, and multiple skin appendages, which overcomes the limitations of traditional skin substitute and opens new avenues for wound repair and its basic research. This review outlines the status of the research and application of skin organoids and discusses their current challenges in clinical translation and prospects for development.

Skin is an organ with complex structure and function. Extensive skin defects and chronic non-healing wounds cause serious problems for patients and clinicians, while traditional repair methods are still not able to completely reconstruct the structure and function of skin. To achieve complete reconstruction of skin structure and function is a great challenge that needs to be solved in the field of wound repair. Induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the potential to differentiate into any human cells, are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine research. In recent years, skin organoids constructed through in vitro cultivation of stem cells contain epidermis, dermis, and multiple skin appendages, which overcomes the limitations of traditional skin substitute and opens new avenues for wound repair and its basic research. This review outlines the status of the research and application of skin organoids and discusses their current challenges in clinical translation and prospects for development.

OBJECTIVE:To establish drug safety performance indicator system in Beijing,and to provide reference for evaluat-ing work quality of administration department and drug market safety reasonably. METHODS:Through literature survey,expert brainstorming and maximum difference scaling,the indicators of drug safety performance evaluation system in Beijing were select-ed,and internet questionnaire survey was conducted among 20 regulators by using SSI Web software. The weight of each indicator was analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:4 factors of drug safety performance have been selected involving 27 indicators,ig. Results of drug sampling test(Oc)which reflect drug market safety directly;results of special drug sampling test(So)which mea-sure the quality of essential medicine;drug sampling operation standard (Na) which measure the completion of drug sampling by procedure or plan;rationality of drug sampling (Ra) which guarantee the rationality of sampling procedure and representativeness of sampled drugs. Finally,20 indicators are identified by experts. The weight of 4 factors are 21%,14%,40% and 25%,respec-tively. Established drug safety performance evaluation system can achieve quantitative check of drug supervision departments,and dispose several problems as rely on subjective factor greatly,lack of objective and uniform standard,only check the results. It pro-vides reference for the formulation of drug safety performance evaluation indicators in other provinces,cities and municipalities.