Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease （PF-ILD） has a complex etiology， and is classified as lung impediment stage， impediment-atrophy combination stage， and lung atrophy stage according to the different clinical manifestations during the progression of disease. Based on the theory of opening-closing-pivoting to analyse the characteristics of yin and yang disease mechanism and the idea of prescriptions in the three stages. For lung impediment stage， main as three-Yang fail to keep inside， disharmony between Ying qi （营气） and Wei qi （卫气）， shaoyin impairment， treatment should use Mahuang （Ephedra sinica） and Guizhi （Neolitsea cassia） flexibly to form a formula， or choose pungent-dispersing formulas like Baidu Powder （败毒散） to move qi and save yang， and diffuse and disperse impediment pathogen， meanwhile combining saving-shaoyin medicinals like Fuzi （Aconitum carmichaelii） and Shudihuang （Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata） to reinforce healthy qi and dispel pathogen； for impediment-atrophy combination stage， rooted as yangming impairment and progressed by over-movement of qi， treatment should use Mahuang Shengma Decoction （麻黄升麻汤） to resolve and decrease over-activities， emphasis on both opening and closing， and improve impediment and atrophy； for lung atrophy stage with three-Yin in a bad condition simultaneously and poor prognosis， treatment should use modified Jinshui Liujun Decoction （金水六君煎） to consolidate qi and save yin， disperse phlegm and stasis， to improve the quality of life for patients with PF-ILD.

Rare diseases still lack effective treatments, and the development of drugs for rare diseases (known as orphan drugs) is an urgent medical problem. As natural active ingredients in living organisms, some biomacromolecule drugs have good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high targeting. They have become one of the most promising fields in drug research and development in the 21st century. However, there are still many obstacles in terms of in vivo delivery. In view of the unique advantages of nanocarriers prepared from polymers, lipids, organic biomimetic and inorganic materials in drug delivery, researchers are committed to building an efficient delivery system with versatility and synergy to solve the bottleneck issues in treating rare diseases with biomacromolecule drugs. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of nanocarrier delivering proteins, peptides and nucleic acids in the field of rare disease treatment in the past ten years, which provides ideas for researches on biomacromolecule drug nanosystems in the field of treatment of rare diseases.

Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of pachymic acid on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. Methods: CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, Western blot, tube formation, and immunofluorescence assays were carried out to measure the effects of various concentrations of pachymic acid on LUAD cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis as well as autophagy. Subsequently, molecular docking technology was used to detect the potential targeted binding association between pachymic acid and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Moreover, PTP1B was overexpressed in A549 cells to detect the specific mechanisms of pachymic acid. Results: Pachymic acid suppressed LUAD cell viability, metastasis as well as angiogenesis while inducing cell autophagy. It also targeted PTP1B and lowered PTP1B expression. However, PTP1B overexpression reversed the effects of pachymic acid on metastasis, angiogenesis, and autophagy as well as the expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin in LUAD cells. Conclusions: Pachymic acid inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis, and promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by modulating the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting PTP1B.

BACKGROUND:The dysfunction of bladder function caused by spinal cord injury is a difficult point in clinical treatment and a hot spot in research.Repairing the injured spinal cord and remodeling the bladder micturition reflex pathway are the fundamental treatment methods. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the reconstruction of the bladder innervation pathway after spinal cord transection injury and its related influencing factors. METHODS:The relevant literature concerning the reconstruction of bladder micturition reflex,neurogenic bladder and urinary reflex and spinal cord repair was retrieved on CNKI,WanFang Data,PubMed and Web of Science.Chinese and English search terms were"neurogenic bladder;spinal cord injury;micturition reflex;spinal cord repair". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of reconstructing the bladder micturition reflex,there are many factors involved,including the repair and reconstruction of the injured spinal cord,the remodeling of micturition center,the changes of bladder tissue and substances and hormones in and out of the body.In this process,there are mainly the following problems:(1)As a complex process,there are many sites involved in the reconstruction of the micturition reflex,so the main sites of action can be selected for in-depth study,so as to break through the doubts existing in the reconstruction of the micturition reflex pathway.(2)The mechanism of the normal micturition reflex is complex.After spinal cord transection injury,whether the central nucleus mass controlling or participating in the micturition reflex is compensated and the corresponding compensatory mechanism needs to be further investigated.(3)Information communication between the center and the bladder is interrupted after spinal cord transection injury.Whether there is a direct information connection between the center and the bladder remains to be further investigated.(4)The relationship between reconstructing micturition reflex and body fluid after spinal cord transection injury needs further study.In the reconstruction of the bladder micturition reflex,the key treatment is to promote spinal cord repair,nerve reflex reconstruction,substance metabolism and bladder tissue structure adjustment through intervention.Chinese medicine and Western medicine have their methods.

Objective To propose a human life signal separation and reconstruction method based on optimized variational mode decomposition(VMD)to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the life detection radar in extracting and separating human life signals such as heartbeat and respiration.Methods Firstly,the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of VMD,and the human life signal was decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs);secondly,the alignment entropy of each IMF was calculated,the noise was removed based on the alignment entropy threshold,and the remaining components were reconstructed to form human life signals;finally,the method proposed was compared with infinite impulse response(IIR)filtering,VMD and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive nosie(CEEMDAN)to verify its performance.Results Under different noise levels the proposed method outperformed IIR filtering,VMD and CEEMDAN in evaluation metrics of signal-to-noise ratio and root-mean-square error,and behaved better than CEEMDAN in terms of computational time-consumption.Conclusion The proposed method realizes rapid separation and reconstruction of vital signals such as heartbeat and respiration while effectively filtering out the noise,which has broad application prospects in the fields of non-contact vital signs detection of bum/scald patients,infectious disease patients and newborns and the search and rescue of buried casualties after a disaster.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):9-15]

Objective To explore planning effect of AI-HIP assisted surgical planning system in primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty(THA)and its influence on clinical outcomes.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 36 patients who underwent their first unilateral THA from March 2022 to November 2022 and continuously used AI-HIP system(AI-HIP group),including 16 males and 20 females,aged from 43 to 81 years old with an average of(62.2±10.9)years old.According to the matching principle,36 patients who were planned by the traditional template method at the same period were selected as the control group,including 16 males and 20 females,aged from 40 to 80 years old with an average of(60.9±12.1)years old.The accuracy between two groups of prostheses were compared,as well as the combined eccentricity difference between preoperative planning and postoperative practice,lower limb length difference,osteotomy height from the upper edge of the lesser trochanter and top shoulder distance to evaluate planning effect.Harris score and visual analogue scale(VAS)were used to evaluate clinical efficacy.Results Both groups were followed up for 12 to 18 months with an average of(14.5±2.1)months.The complete accuracy and approximate accuracy of acetabular cup and femoral stalk prosthesis in AI-HIP group were 72.2％,100％,58.3％,88.9％,respectively,which were better than 44.4％,83.3％,33.3％,66.7％in control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in planning of femoral head prosthesis size(P＞0.05).The actual combined eccentricity difference and combined eccentricity difference(practical-planning)in Al-HIP group were 1.0(0.2,2.4)mm and 1.1(-2.1,3.2)mm,respectively;which were better than 3.0(1.4,4.9)mm and 3.5(-1.6,6.5)mm in control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups in actual osteotomy height of the upper margin of the lesser trochanter(P＞0.05).In AI-HIP group,the actual difference of lower extremity length after surgery,the difference of lower extremity length(practical-planning),osteotomy height from the upper margin of lesser trochanter(practical-planning),actual topshoulder distance after surgery,and topshoulder distance(practical-planning)were 1.5(0.2,2.8),1.1(-0.3,2.2),2.1(-2.3,4.1),(15.3±4.1),2.2(-4.8,0.3)mm,respectively;which were better than control group of 2.6(1.3,4.1),2.5(0.3,3.8),5.8(-2.4,7.7),(13.0±4.3),-5.7(-9.4,-2.2)mm(P＜0.05).At final follow-up,there were no significant differences in Harris scores of pain,function,deformity,total scores and VAS between two groups(P＞0.05).The range of motion score was 4.8±0.6 in AI-HIP group,which was higher than that in control group(4.4±0.8)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional template planning,AI-HIP assisted surgical planning system has good accuracy in predicting the prosthetic size of the acetabular cup and femoral stalk,restor-ing joint eccentricity,planning lower limb length,osteotomy height and top shoulder distance on the first unilateral THA,and the clinical follow-up effect is satisfactory.

Aim To investigate the effect of Huazhuo Jiedu Yikui decoction(HJYD)on Th1/Th2 balance,stress response and intestinal mucosal in rats with ul-cerative colitis.Methods Wistar rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group,HJYD low,medium and high dose groups(1.25,2.5,5 kg·L-1),and positive me-salazine group(0.05 kg·L-1).Except for the con-trol group,the rats in other groups were established in-to ulcerative colitis animal models and were intragastri-cally administered with drug.TNF-α,IL-8,IL-13,IL-10,IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by ELISA.The levels of SOD,MDA and GSH-Px were detected by re-lated kits.The pathological morphology of intestinal tissue was observed using HE staining and the score was calculate.The apoptosis rate of intestinal epithelial cells was detected by TUNEL method.The protein lev-els of NF-κB,TLR4,MyD88,Bcl-2 and Bax in intes-tinal tissue were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-8,IL-13,MDA,IFN-γ,pathological score,intes-tinal epithelial cell apoptosis rate,NF-κB,TLR4,MyD88 and Bax in the HJYD groups were reduced(P＜0.05),and the levels of IL-10,IL-4,SOD,GSH-Px and Bcl-2 were raised(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions HJYD can significantly inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats with ulcerative coli-tis,promote Th1/Th2 balance,and play a protective role in intestinal mucosa.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TLR4/MyD88 signaling path-way.

Background: The incidence density of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the risk of MAFLD remain unknown. We evaluated the prevalence and incidence density of MAFLD and investigated the association between healthy lifestyle and the risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 37,422 participants to explore the prevalence of MAFLD. A cohort analysis of 18,964 individuals was conducted to identify the incidence of MAFLD, as well as the association between healthy lifestyle and MAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of MAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their comorbidities were 30.38%, 28.09%, and 26.13%, respectively. After approximately 70 thousand person-years of follow-up, the incidence densities of the three conditions were 61.03, 55.49, and 51.64 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a 19% decreased risk of MAFLD (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92), and the effects were modified by baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger participants, men, and those with a lower BMI experienced more significant beneficial effects from healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Our results highlight the beneficial effect of adherence to a healthy lifestyle on the prevention of MAFLD. Health management for improving dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits are critical to improving MAFLD.

The correlation between hearing loss (HL) and physical performance in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains poorly investigated. This study explored the association between HL and physical performance in patients on MHD. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and April 2021 in seven hemodialysis centers in Shanghai and Suzhou, China. The hearing assessment was performed using pure-tone average (PTA). Physical performance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), handgrip strength, and gait speed. Results: Finally, 838 adult patients (male, 516 [61.6%]; 61.2 ± 2.6 years) were enrolled. Among them, 423 (50.5%) had mild to profound HL (male, 48.6% and female, 53.4%). Patients with HL had poorer physical performance than patients without HL (p < 0.001). TUGT was positively correlated with PTA (r = 0.265, p < 0.001), while handgrip strength and gait speed were negatively correlated with PTA (r = –0.356, p < 0.001 and r = –0.342, p < 0.001, respectively). Physical performance in patients aged <60 years showed significant dose-response relationships with HL. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for HL across the TUGT quartiles (lowest to highest) were 1.00 (reference), 1.15 (0.73–1.81), 1.69 (1.07–2.70), and 2.87 (1.69–4.88) (p for trend = 0.005). Conclusion: Lower prevalence of HL was associated with a faster TUGT and a stronger handgrip strength in patients on MHD.

Establish a production line with controllable process and high intelligence, contribute to improve the quality and production efficiency of aconite processed by microwave, and promote the transformation and application of aconite processed by microwave. According to the principle of aconite detoxification and the characteristics of industrial microwave equipment, an industrial production line of aconite processed by microwave was established with diester alkaloids and monoester alkaloids as indicators, and pilot production was carried out. At the same time, the content of active constituents and efficacy were compared with that of the main processed products, such as Shengfupian, Baifupian and Heishunpian. The results showed that the industrial production of aconite processed by microwave can be divided into two stages: "Liquid seal to detoxification - drying and puffing". The content of monoester alkaloids in 10 batches of aconite processed by microwave was 0.071%-0.166% and the content of diester alkaloids was 0.004%-0.016%, which met the relevant requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in 2020. Compared with Heishunpian and Baifupian, the retention rate of the effective components of aconite processed by microwave was higher. Pharmacological experiments showed that aconite processed by microwave not only retained the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Heishunpian and Baifupian, but also significantly increased the levels of leukocytes and lymphocytes in mice with liver cancer chemotherapy, enhanced the CD4/CD8 ratio in spleen cells of mice (P < 0.05), thus regulating the body's immunity. However, this effect of Baifupian was weak, while Heishunpian and Shengfupian had no such effect. Through the above research, this study established microwave processing line with controllable process and high intelligence, as well produced the aconite processed by microwave with low toxicity and stable quality. It laid a foundation for the industrialized continuous production and clinical positioning of aconite by microwave processed, and provided scientific support for the development and application of microwave technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. All animal experiments in this study were reviewed and approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine before being carried out (Approval No. 2020-28).