ObjectiveTo observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） surgical operations in treating mixed hemorrhoids. MethodsA multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting clinical data from 17，831 mixed hemorrhoid surgery patients in 8 top-tier TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Standardized and structured datasets were obtained through artificial intelligence models. Patients who underwent western surgical treatment were categorized into the western surgery group （11,646 cases）， and those receiving TCM surgical operations were categorized into the TCM surgery group （6185 cases）. Propensity score matching （1∶1 matching） was used to balance baseline data between groups. The primary outcome was the one-year recurrence rate， and secondary outcomes included the main symptoms （rectal bleeding， degree of prolapse） and secondary symptoms （anal distension， anal edema， wound secretion and exudation， anal stenosis， residual skin tags， perianal itching， and anal pain） measured on days 7， 28， and 60 after discharge. ResultsAfter matching， 2194 patients were included in each group. Symptom scores showed that at 28 days after discharge， the TCM surgical group had superior improvement in rectal bleeding ［OR=5.786， 95%CI （3.092，10.827）］， degree of prolapse ［OR=4.510， 95%CI （1.649，12.333）］， and anal edema ［OR=3.188， 95%CI （1.295，7.845）］ compared to the western surgical group. At 60 days post-discharge， the TCM group still showed advantages in improving rectal bleeding ［OR=5.237， 95%CI （1.077，25.464）］ and anal pain ［OR=11.697， 95%CI （1.186，115.336）］ （P＜0.05）. Long-term follow-up showed that the one-year recurrence rate in the TCM surgery group was 1.1% （8/726）， while that in the western surgery group was 2.3% （10/444）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionBased on real-world data， TCM surgical treatment for mixed hemorrhoids shows significant short-term symptom improvement， particularly in terms of hemostasis， reducing swelling， and alleviating prolapse of anal masses.

Nanozymes are a distinct category of nanomaterials that exhibit catalytic properties resembling those of enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Nanozymes derived from Chinese herbal medicines exhibit the catalytic functions of their enzyme mimics, while retaining the specific medicinal properties of the herb (termed "herbzymes"). These nanozymes can be categorized into three main groups based on their method of synthesis: herb carbon dot nanozymes, polyphenol-metal nanozymes, and herb extract nanozymes. The reported catalytic activities of herbzymes include POD, SOD, CAT, and GPx. This review presents an overview of the catalytic activities and potential applications of nanozymes, introduces the novel concept of herbzymes, provides a comprehensive review of their classification and synthesis, and discusses recent advances in their biomedical applications. Furthermore, we also discuss the significance of research into herbzymes, including the primary challenges faced and future development directions.
Nanostructures/chemistry* ; Humans ; Herbal Medicine/methods* ; Superoxide Dismutase/chemistry* ; Catalase/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Catalysis ; Glutathione Peroxidase/chemistry*

Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontics, Corrective/standards* ; Periodontal Diseases/complications* ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To explore the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome characteristics of patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever and to provide empirical data to support the application of TCM in diagnosing and treating Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect clinical data(sex,age,days since onset,and comorbidity underlying disease conditions)and TCM with four-examination information(symptoms,tongue manifestations,and pulse manifestations)from 255 patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever who visited Lecong Hospital of Shunde,Foshan,the Third People's Hospital of Shunde District of Foshan,Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University Affiliated Chencun Hospital between July 23 and July 29,2025.Factor and cluster analyses were used to summarize TCM syndrome characteristics and analyze core pathogenesis in conjunction with clinical features.Results Among the 255 patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever,131 were male and 124 were female,with a age of(49.05±17.93)years and a disease duration of(3.26±1.78)days.Among the four types of examination information in TCM,35 items exhibited a frequency exceeding 10%.The most prevalent symptoms were arthralgia(180 patients,70.59%),exanthem(153 patients,60.00%),fatigue(99 patients,38.82%),anhidrosis(98 patients,38.43%),pruritus(96 patients,37.65%),and fever(92 patients,36.08%).Tongue and pulse manifestations were primarily white fur(155 patients,60.78%),pink tongue(111 patients,43.53%),slippery pulse(143 patients,56.08%),and greasy fur(134 patients,52.53%).Patients with disease onset≤3 d had a higher incidence of arthralgia,fatigue,fever,aversion to cold,generalized muscle pain,aversion to wind,insomnia,headache,sweating,low-grade fever,poor appetite,loose stool,hyperhidrosis,and red tongue than those with disease onset≥4 d(P<0.05).Patients with disease onset≥4 d had a higher incidence of pink tongue and thick fur than those with disease onset≤3 d(P<0.05).The syndrome elements in patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever predominantly manifested on the defensive exterior,with involvement of the sinew-bone joints,skin-muscle,and spleen.Pathogenic factors were primarily characterized by external winds,dampness,and heat.Factor and cluster analysis result indicated three TCM pathogenesis progression patterns:imbalance of the defensive exterior with wind-dampness conflict and heat transformation;dampness-heat flowing into muscles and meridians causing joint obstruction and qi blood stasis;and dampness-heat congelation resulting in qi mechanism obstruction,consumption of body fluids,and infiltration of the skin.Conclusion Patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever primarily present with fever,joint pain,and rashes.In TCM,this condition falls under the category of"dampness-warmth"syndrome.Its etiology is attributed to pathogens,with transmission occurring through mosquito bites.The core pathogenesis of TCM is the invasion of the defensive exterior and dampness-toxic heat accumulation.The therapeutic principles focus on clearing heat pathogens,resolving dampness pathogens,dispersing wind pathogens,and promoting the resolution of rashes.

OBJECTIVE:To review the development trend,target population,setting and construction process of osteoporosis-specific quality of life measures both domestically and internationally.METHODS:All of the currently available publicly available osteoporosis-specific quality-of-life scales were found by searching the PubMed,Embase,CNKI,and WanFang Data.The search period included the time from database construction to August 2024.The basic information,development trend,target population,and the setting of the scale's dimensions,entries,and levels were taken from the original research and development literature that included the scale.The content of the dimensions and the scale's construction process were then compiled and examined.RESULTS:A total of 20 osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales were included in the study,and the literature on the development of 34 scales was traced.The number of dimensions of the included scales ranged from 2-7 dimensions,all of which included physiological dimensions;the number of entries of the scales ranged from 10-84 entries,while the number of levels set under the entries was mostly focused on four or five levels.There are three main ways of constructing the scales,of which the construction of a pool of entries and the screening of the entries according to classical measurement theory and item response theory is an approach that has emerged in recent years.CONCLUSION:According to the specific target population and diversified measurement objectives,the content of osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales has become increasingly streamlined,with fewer dimensions and entries overall;and its building procedure is gradually becoming more standardized.

Objective To compare the impact of NaClO and EDTA pretreatment on the enamel surfaces pore exposure rate,resin in-filtration effectiveness and shear bond strength between the enamel white spot lesions(WSLs)and resin composite.Methods A total of 104 sound premolars were selected for the study.4 mm×4 mm×2 mm enamel blocks from 64 sound premolars were cut in the center of the buccal surfaces of the teeth.All blocks were randomly divided into five groups:group SE(sound enamels as negative control);group DE(enamel blocks demineralised as positive control);group RI(resin infiltration);group N/RI(5.25％NaClO pretreatment and resin infiltration)and group E/RI(17％EDTA pretreatment and resin infiltration).The pore exposure rate of enamel surfaces and resin penetration depths were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and confocallaser scanning microscopy(CLSM)in each group.The remaining 40 premolars were cut from the cervical roots and the residual crowns were embedded in self-condensing resin ma-terial(buccal surfaces of the enamel exposed only).According to the grouping information,the samples were given the corresponding pretreatments and resin infiltration respectively and were bonded with a cylindrical resin cylinder on the buccal enamel surface for shear bond test.The shear bond strength and fracture modes were recorded and analyzed in each group.Results Compared to group RI,the pore exposure rate of the enamel surface,resin penetration depths,and percentage of resin penetration area in the N/RI and E/RI groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The shear bond strength of the samples in group SE was the highest,and the lowest in group DE.Compared to group DE,the shear bond strength in groups RI,N/RI,and E/RI was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Enamel surface pretreatment with 5.25％NaClO or 17％EDTA has been demonstrated to effectively enhance the enamel pore exposure rate,resin penetration depth and the shear bond strength between WSLs and resin composite.

OBJECTIVE:To review the development trend,target population,setting and construction process of osteoporosis-specific quality of life measures both domestically and internationally.METHODS:All of the currently available publicly available osteoporosis-specific quality-of-life scales were found by searching the PubMed,Embase,CNKI,and WanFang Data.The search period included the time from database construction to August 2024.The basic information,development trend,target population,and the setting of the scale's dimensions,entries,and levels were taken from the original research and development literature that included the scale.The content of the dimensions and the scale's construction process were then compiled and examined.RESULTS:A total of 20 osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales were included in the study,and the literature on the development of 34 scales was traced.The number of dimensions of the included scales ranged from 2-7 dimensions,all of which included physiological dimensions;the number of entries of the scales ranged from 10-84 entries,while the number of levels set under the entries was mostly focused on four or five levels.There are three main ways of constructing the scales,of which the construction of a pool of entries and the screening of the entries according to classical measurement theory and item response theory is an approach that has emerged in recent years.CONCLUSION:According to the specific target population and diversified measurement objectives,the content of osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales has become increasingly streamlined,with fewer dimensions and entries overall;and its building procedure is gradually becoming more standardized.

Objective:To investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (PSTSA) .Methods:Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 24 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent PSTSA,from Nov. 1,2024 to Dec. 31,2024 in Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University was performed. Data including the maximum tumor diameter,surgical duration,volume of drainage fluid,number of lymph nodes cleared,postoperative complications,cosmetic outcomes, and total hospitalization time were recorded.Results:All 24 cases were preoperatively diagnosed with PTC, with 12 female and 12 male patients.All cases were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery.The maximum tumor diameter in the pathological sections was 0.51±0.21 cm,the surgical duration was 71.54±11.62 minutes, the number of central compartment lymph nodes retrieved was 6.29±2.82 units,and the number of positive lymph nodes was 0.46±0.93.No CO2 gas embolism occurred during the surgery,and no postoperative complications such as hoarseness,numbness of hands and feet,or postoperative bleeding were observed.Conclusions:Pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach (pneumoperitoneum-assisted laparoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavian approach, PSTSA) is a safe and feasible surgical method for thyroidectomy.

Objective To explore the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome characteristics of patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever and to provide empirical data to support the application of TCM in diagnosing and treating Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect clinical data(sex,age,days since onset,and comorbidity underlying disease conditions)and TCM with four-examination information(symptoms,tongue manifestations,and pulse manifestations)from 255 patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever who visited Lecong Hospital of Shunde,Foshan,the Third People's Hospital of Shunde District of Foshan,Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University Affiliated Chencun Hospital between July 23 and July 29,2025.Factor and cluster analyses were used to summarize TCM syndrome characteristics and analyze core pathogenesis in conjunction with clinical features.Results Among the 255 patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever,131 were male and 124 were female,with a age of(49.05±17.93)years and a disease duration of(3.26±1.78)days.Among the four types of examination information in TCM,35 items exhibited a frequency exceeding 10%.The most prevalent symptoms were arthralgia(180 patients,70.59%),exanthem(153 patients,60.00%),fatigue(99 patients,38.82%),anhidrosis(98 patients,38.43%),pruritus(96 patients,37.65%),and fever(92 patients,36.08%).Tongue and pulse manifestations were primarily white fur(155 patients,60.78%),pink tongue(111 patients,43.53%),slippery pulse(143 patients,56.08%),and greasy fur(134 patients,52.53%).Patients with disease onset≤3 d had a higher incidence of arthralgia,fatigue,fever,aversion to cold,generalized muscle pain,aversion to wind,insomnia,headache,sweating,low-grade fever,poor appetite,loose stool,hyperhidrosis,and red tongue than those with disease onset≥4 d(P<0.05).Patients with disease onset≥4 d had a higher incidence of pink tongue and thick fur than those with disease onset≤3 d(P<0.05).The syndrome elements in patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever predominantly manifested on the defensive exterior,with involvement of the sinew-bone joints,skin-muscle,and spleen.Pathogenic factors were primarily characterized by external winds,dampness,and heat.Factor and cluster analysis result indicated three TCM pathogenesis progression patterns:imbalance of the defensive exterior with wind-dampness conflict and heat transformation;dampness-heat flowing into muscles and meridians causing joint obstruction and qi blood stasis;and dampness-heat congelation resulting in qi mechanism obstruction,consumption of body fluids,and infiltration of the skin.Conclusion Patients with Chikungunya hemorrhagic fever primarily present with fever,joint pain,and rashes.In TCM,this condition falls under the category of"dampness-warmth"syndrome.Its etiology is attributed to pathogens,with transmission occurring through mosquito bites.The core pathogenesis of TCM is the invasion of the defensive exterior and dampness-toxic heat accumulation.The therapeutic principles focus on clearing heat pathogens,resolving dampness pathogens,dispersing wind pathogens,and promoting the resolution of rashes.

Objective:To report the nationwide surveillance results of pathogenic profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-positive bloodstream infections in China in 2023.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-posttive bacteria from blood cultures were collected in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）during January to December 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. Statistical analyses were conducted using WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software.Results:A total of 4 385 Gram-positive bacterial isolates were obtained from 60 participating center. The top five pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 544，35.2%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=1 441，32.9%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=574，13.1%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=385，8.8%），and α-hemolytic Streptococci（ n=187，4.3%）. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）was 26.2%（405/1 544）and 69.8%（1 006/1 441），respectively. Notably，all Staphylococci remained susceptible to glycopeptide or daptomycin. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent susceptibility（>97.0%）to cephalobiol，rifampicin，trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline，tigecycline，and eravacycline. No Enterococcus exhibiting resistance to linezolid were detected. Glycopeptide resistance was uncommon but more frequent in Enterococcus faecium（resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin：both 1.7%）compared to Enterococcus faecalis（both 0.3%）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS exhibited significant regional variations across the country（ χ2=17.674 and 148.650，respectively，both P<0.001）. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococci were detected in central China. Institutional comparison demonstrated higher prevalence of MRSA（ χ2=14.111， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.828， P=0.028）in provincial hospitals than that in municipal hospitals. Socioeconomic analysis identified elevated detection rates of both MRSA（ χ2=18.986， P<0.001）and MRCNS（ χ2=4.477， P=0.034）in less developed regions（per capita GDP