Objective To analyze the situation of rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) and death of HIV/AIDS in Wuhan from 1994 to 2023, and to provide a scientific basis for further rapid initiation of ART and reduction of mortality rate. Methods According to the case follow-up and treatment database of China AIDS Prevention and Control Information System, data were obtained from all the cases reported from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2023 with the current address in Wuhan City and the review status of the final review card. The data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Results The total mortality rate of HIV/AIDS in Wuhan from 1994 to 2023 was 12.76%. The proportion of receiving antiretroviral therapy within 30 days increased year by year, and the mortality rate decreased year by year. After adjusting for sex, age, occupation, ethnicity, education level, mobile population, history of STD, route of infection, source of sample, and first CD4 value, receiving antiretroviral therapy within 30 days (HR=0.08, 95%CI: 0.07-0.10) was a protective factor for HIV/AIDS mortality. Conclusion Rapid antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS death. A sustainable model of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy should be further established to increase the proportion of rapid antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in Wuhan.

Based on the concept of "blood exhaustion" from The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， a three-stage syndrome differentiation and treatment strategy for cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome is proposeed. In the cancer-induced anorexia stage， the pathogenesis is characterized by cancer consuming the spleen and stomach， leading to stagnation of transportation and transformation in the middle jiao （焦）. Treatment should focus on strengthening the spleen， promoting appetite， dispersing accumulation， and aiding digestion， with modified Zisheng Pills （资生丸） in Extensive Notes on Medicine from Xian Xing Studio （《先醒斋医学广笔记》） or Zisheng Decoction （资生汤） in Records of Chinese Medicine with Reference to Western Medicine （《医学衷中参西录》）. In the pre-cachectic stage of malnutrition， the pathogenesis involves insufficient nourishment of blood and qi with essence depletion hindering production. Treatment should focus on nourishing blood and harmonizing ying （营）， warming yang and supplementing qi， and modified Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction （黄芪建中汤） can be used. In the cachectic stage， the pathogenesis involves blood deficiency and essence exhaustion， with blood stasis obstructing the collaterals. The therapeutic approach should focus on tonifying deficiency and replenishing essence， unblocking collaterals， and removing stasis， and modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction （补中益气汤） and Zuo Gui Beverage （左归饮） are suggested.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Wei's Huoxue Tongluo Formula （韦氏活血通络方，WHTF） in treating atrophic-stage non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy （NAION） with qi deficiency and blood stasis. MethodsA total of 82 atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 41 cases in each group. The treatment group was given oral administration of WHTF twice a day plus acupoint injection of distilled water 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily， while the control group received injection of compound anisodine injection 2 ml at Taiyang （EX-HN5） once daily and oral administration of WHTF placebo twice a day. Both groups received treatment for a course of 14 days. The best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA）， optic disc perfusion density （PD）， flux index （FI）， macular superficial PD， vascular density （VD）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores were compared between groups before treatment and on day 7 and day 14 of treatment. Additionally， mean defect （MD） and mean sensitivity （MS） of visual fields were measured before treatment and on day 14， along with safety evaluation. ResultsAfter treatment， both groups showed significant improvement in BCVA， visual field MD and MS， and TCM syndrome scores （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. On day 14 of treatment， the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no significant improvement in optic disc PD and FI， and macular superficial PD and VD after treatment in either group （P＞0.05） except that on day 7 the macular superficial foveal PD in the control group was significantly better than that in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. During the treatment period， no serious adverse events occurred in either group. ConclusionWHTF can improve the visual function indicators including visual acuity and visual field， as well as TCM syndrome scores in atrophic-stage NAION patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis. It shows clinical safety， although it does not appear to have a significant effect on optic disc or macular blood flow.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of fluid suppression (FS) techniques combined with amide proton transferweighted imaging (APTw) for assessment of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, glioma subtypes, and tumor proliferation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 117 patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas. Conventional APTw, FSAPTw, and spillover-corrected FS-APTw (SCFS-APTw) metrics were calculated from 3T MRI data in tumor parenchyma, necrotic or cystic regions, and contralateral normal-appearing white matter. APTw signals were compared across the three techniques within each region, between IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas, and among astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma subtypes. Diagnostic performance for distinguishing IDH mutation status and glioma subtypes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Correlations between APTw metrics and Ki-67 expression were also analyzed. Results: Both FS-APTw and SCFS-APTw significantly reduced signal intensity in tumor parenchyma and necrotic or cystic regions, with SCFS-APTw demonstrating a stronger suppression effect. IDH-wildtype gliomas showed significantly higher APTw metrics than IDH-mutant gliomas (all P < 0.001). Glioblastomas exhibited significantly higher metrics than oligodendrogliomas (all corrected P ≤ 0.015) and astrocytomas (all corrected P < 0.001). SCFS-APTw achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.846 for identification of IDH mutation status. For differentiation between astrocytomas and glioblastomas, the 90th percentile of APTw yielded the highest AUC (0.860), followed by SCFS-APTw (0.849). For discrimination between oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas, the highest AUC (0.832) was obtained using the 90th percentile of SCFS-APTw. None of these metrics successfully differentiated oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas. SCFS-APTw demonstrated the strongest correlation with Ki-67 expression (r = 0.451). Conclusion FS techniques effectively reduce elevated APTw signals originating from fluid compartments. Their combination with APTw imaging enables evaluation of IDH mutation status, glioma subtypes, and tumor proliferative activity in adulttype diffuse gliomas.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

By analyzing the connotation of "kenang （窠囊）" and its relationship with adenoid hypertrophy （AH） in children， this paper suggests that kenang plays a significant role in the development process of pediatric AH， from the initial accumulation of phlegm-dampness in the early stage， to the binding of phlegm and stasis in the middle stage， and finally the healthy qi deficiency with phlegm stagnation in the late stage， and may also serve as a key entry point for the diagnosis and treatment. From the perspective of "kenang"， and in combination with the core pathogenesis of pediatric AH characterized by lung heat and phlegm stasis， this paper proposes that the key therapeutic principles include clearing heat to resolve phlegm， activating blood to remove stasis， and reducing swelling to dissipate nodules. A staged treatment strategy based on the self-formulated Bizhi Formula （鼻窒方） with modifications is used. In the early stage of the disease， the treatment should be soothing the wind and relieving the exterior， resolving phlegm and dredging the orifices to prevent the initial knot of kenang， for which Bizhi Formula and Cangerzi Powder （苍耳子散） with modifications can be used. In the middle stage， the treatment should be dissolving phlegm and expelling stasis， dispersing knots and unblocking orifices to break down the establishment of kenang， and Bizhi Formula combined with Haizao Yuhu Decoction （海藻玉壶汤） with modifications is suggested. In the late stage， the treatment emphasizes reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating the root， resolving phlegm and dredging collaterals in order to prevent recurrence of kenang， and the suggested prescription is modified Bizhi Formula combined with Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散）.

AIM: To investigate the value of maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax), extraocular muscle(EOM)diameter, and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody(TRAb)in evaluating inflammatory activity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: TAO patients underwent orbital 99mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT imaging at the Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University between January 2023 and December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the clinical activity score(CAS), patients were classified into an active group and an inactive group. SUVmax and EOM were independently measured by three nuclear medicine physicians, and the mean values were used for analysis. Serum TRAb levels from TAO patients were measured using a fully automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Nonparametric tests were used to compare differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations of CAS with SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb. Using CAS as the reference standard, receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb, as well as their combination. Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used for reliability analysis to evaluate the consistency of SUVmax and EOM among the 3 measurers.RESULTS: A total of 99 patients(198 eyes)with TAO were enrolled in this study, including 38 males and 61 females, aged 16-74(46.92±11.84)y. The active group comprised 46 patients(92 eyes), aged 16-71(48.40±12.02)y, with 25 males and 21 females. The inactive group included 53 patients(106 eyes), aged 17-74(45.46±11.59)y, consisting of 13 males and 40 females. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender and age(P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb. Compared with the inactive group, the active group showed higher SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb levels(all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CAS was positively correlated with SUVmax, EOM, and TRAb(r=0.734, 0.622, and 0.404, respectively, all P<0.01). ROC curves were plotted using CAS as the reference standard, and the AUCs for SUVmax, EOM, TRAb, and their combined diagnosis were 0.874, 0.797, 0.715, and 0.892, respectively. The ICC of SUVmax and EOM were 0.925(95%CI: 0.901-0.948, P<0.001)and 0.943(95%CI: 0.907-0.964, P<0.001)respectively.CONCLUSION: Beyond CAS, there is a need to identify objective imaging and serological biomarkers. Measurements of SUVmax and EOM provide visualized and quantifiable tools for assessing TAO activity, and their combination with TRAb can further improve the accuracy of activity assessment.

By analyzing the connotation of "kenang （窠囊）" and its relationship with adenoid hypertrophy （AH） in children， this paper suggests that kenang plays a significant role in the development process of pediatric AH， from the initial accumulation of phlegm-dampness in the early stage， to the binding of phlegm and stasis in the middle stage， and finally the healthy qi deficiency with phlegm stagnation in the late stage， and may also serve as a key entry point for the diagnosis and treatment. From the perspective of "kenang"， and in combination with the core pathogenesis of pediatric AH characterized by lung heat and phlegm stasis， this paper proposes that the key therapeutic principles include clearing heat to resolve phlegm， activating blood to remove stasis， and reducing swelling to dissipate nodules. A staged treatment strategy based on the self-formulated Bizhi Formula （鼻窒方） with modifications is used. In the early stage of the disease， the treatment should be soothing the wind and relieving the exterior， resolving phlegm and dredging the orifices to prevent the initial knot of kenang， for which Bizhi Formula and Cangerzi Powder （苍耳子散） with modifications can be used. In the middle stage， the treatment should be dissolving phlegm and expelling stasis， dispersing knots and unblocking orifices to break down the establishment of kenang， and Bizhi Formula combined with Haizao Yuhu Decoction （海藻玉壶汤） with modifications is suggested. In the late stage， the treatment emphasizes reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating the root， resolving phlegm and dredging collaterals in order to prevent recurrence of kenang， and the suggested prescription is modified Bizhi Formula combined with Shenling Baizhu Powder （参苓白术散）.

Guided by the theory of "mutual dependence of ascending and descending"， recurrent pediatric cough and asthma are considered to result from the imbalance of the ascending and descending of zang-fu organ qi， which is closely associated with deficiency， phlegm， and blood stasis. In clinical practice， the disease is treated based on differentiation during the initial stage， progression stage， and stable stage. In the initial stage， the pathogenesis is attributed to lung deficiency complicated by external pathogens and liver qi rising to attack the lung； the treatment should focus on restraining the lung and calming the liver， using the self-formulated Longchai Yuchuan Fomulation （龙柴愈喘方）. During the progression stage， the disorder is due to the spleen failing to ascend clear qi and the kidney failing to grasp qi， leading to phlegm formation from deficiency； treatment should focus on tonifying spleen yang， supplementing kidney qi， and resolving phlegm and fluid retention， using a modified combination of Linggui Zhugan Decoction （苓桂术甘汤） and Jinkui Shenqi Pill （金匮肾气丸）. In the stable stage， qi deficiency leads to poor consolidation， with phlegm turbidity and blood stasis； the treatment should aim at tonifying qi， transforming phlegm， and dispelling blood stasis， using a modified version of Guizhi Fuling Pill （桂枝茯苓丸）.

Ultrasound-guided local ablation therapy for liver tumors has extensive clinical application because of its minimal invasiveness, proven effectiveness, low complication rates, and suitability for repeat treatments. Ultrasound-guided interventional therapy has continuously evolved in terms of the following: technological advancements, from the initial utilization of percutaneous ethanol injection to thermal ablation therapies exemplified by radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation and presently advancing toward emerging techniques such as irreversible electroporation; imaging methods, from conventional ultrasound guidance to contrast-enhanced ultrasound and fusion imaging for precise guidance and assessment; supplementary strategies, from monotherapy to auxiliary method and synergistic therapy; and innovative treatment concepts, from early-stage small hepatocellular carcinoma to intermediate and even large liver cancers. The development of ultrasound-guided local ablation of liver cancers has progressed from an initial phase of rapid advancement to a mature stage characterized by further enhancements. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the status of technical equipment, treatment processes, efficacy, complications, and challenges encountered in ultrasound-guided local ablation for liver tumors, with the objective of offering valuable insights for interventional ultrasound physicians.