Objective To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of HydroMg, a novel sustained-release hydrogen donor, in a model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced chronic cardiotoxicity. Methods H9C2 cells were treated with 1 μmol/L DOX and/or 1 μg/mL HydroMg, and mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis were measured. In the animal experiment, mice were divided into control, HydroMg, DOX, and DOX＋HydroMg groups. The HydroMg group received intraperitoneal injection of HydroMg (100 mg/kg). Chronic cardiotoxicity was established by intraperitoneal injection of DOX (5 mg/kg every week) for four consecutive weeks; In the DOX＋HydroMg group, HydroMg (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 4–5 h prior to each DOX injection. Cardiac function and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography and heart weight index (HWI). The long-term survival of mice were analyzed. Subsequently, transcriptome sequencing was performed on myocardial tissues from the DOX group to identify key molecular alterations compared with controls. Results At the cellular level, HydroMg treatment effectively reversed DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as evidenced by restored membrane potential, reductions in total ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels by approximately 30% and 9%, respectively, and a decrease in the apoptosis rate from 34.13% to 18.27%. In the animal model, compared with the DOX group, HydroMg intervention increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS) by 9.62% and 5.82%, respectively, attenuated the reduction in HWI (4.41 mg/mm vs 3.53 mg/mm), and improved the 4-week survival rate (80% vs 60%). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the core molecular features of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, including widespread suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant pathways. Conclusions HydroMg protects against DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function, and provides a potential therapeutic strategy against DOX-related cardiotoxicity.

The collateral disease theory stands as one of the most instructive frameworks for elucidating the pathology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）. Its characteristic pathological features—toxin damaging collaterals， dysfunction of Qi collaterals， and protracted illness involving collaterals—closely align with the manifestations of cytokine storms， immune dysregulation， and chronic damage induced by M. pneumoniae （MP）. Drug-resistant MP further exacerbates these manifestations and poses challenges in clinical treatment， making it essential to clarify the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP. However， existing studies still lack relevant elaboration， resulting in a gap in guidance by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory in clinical practice. Considering the instructive， scientific， and necessary role of the collateral disease theory in MPP， this paper thoroughly elucidates the pathological manifestations of MPP and the core evolutionary characteristics of collateral damage， and further provides a scientific interpretation from the perspective of collateral disease on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of TCM treatment of MPP over the past five years. This review aims to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP， enrich the scientific connotation of TCM theory， and bridge the gap in TCM theoretical guidance， thereby providing scientific research clues for TCM treatment of MPP.

Objective Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is often accompanied by intestinal flora disorder and intestinal symptoms,forming the phenomenon of"stomach disease involving intestine".This study explored the dynamic correlation between intestinal symptoms and qi-stagnation degree in patients with CAG qi-stagnation syndrome and analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota from the perspective of"spleen-stomach system serving as the pivotal hub of qi movement"in TCM.Methods According to the syndrome element differentiation method,410 patients with CAG were divided into four groups:non-qi-stagnation group,mild qi-stagnation group,moderate qi-stagnation group and severe qi-stagnation group.Correlation analysis and 16S intestinal flora sequencing technology were used to analyze the correlation and differential flora between the degree of CAG qi-stagnation and intestinal symptoms.Results Patients with CAG qi-stagnation syndrome were often accompanied by intestinal symptoms such as frequent flatulence,poor defecation and alternating loose-constipated stools.The frequency of cases was significantly positively correlated with the degree of qi-stagnation"non-mild-moderate-severe"(P<0.05).There was a difference in the abundance of gut microbiota between the four groups of CAG qi-stagnation none,mild,moderate and severe.The relative abundance of Streptococcus,Subdoligranulum,Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Haemophilus was positively correlated with the degree of qi-stagnation.The relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group and Butyricicoccus showed a negative correlation,and Haemophilus was statistically significant among the four groups(P<0.05).Conclusion This study can provide clinical evidence and micro-mechanism for the connotation of"gastrointestinal co-morbidities"and"different diseases with the same syndrome",which may open up new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the application value of soluble leukocyte differentiation antigen 14-sub-type(sCD14-ST),soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1)and blood routine in the diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 148 patients who received medical treatment and underwent physical examinations at the General Hospital of Central Theater Command and Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,48 patients with positive blood bacterial cultures were classified as the bloodstream infection group.Fifty patients with negative blood culture but positive bacterial culture results in sputum,urine,stool,purulent secretions and other sam-ples were taken as the local infection group,and 50 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were taken as the control group.The levels of serum sCD14-ST and sTREM-1 in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the efficacy of indicators such as sCD14-ST,sTREM-1 and blood routine in diagnosing bacterial bloodstream infections.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of white blood cells(WBC),neutrophils(N),monocytes,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR),monocyte/lymphocyte ratio,platelet/lymphocyte ratio,sTREM-1 and sCD14-ST in the bloodstream infection group and the local infection group were significantly in-creased,while the level of lymphocytes was significantly decreased.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of WBC,N and NLR in diagnosing bacterial bloodstream infections was>0.6,indicating good diagnostic efficacy for bacterial bloodstream infections.The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of sCD14-ST in diagnosing bacterial bloodstream infections was 0.748(95%CI:0.664-0.831),and the cut-off value was 0.39 ng/mL.The AUC of sTREM-1 in diagnosing bacterial bloodstream infections was 0.670(95%CI:0.578-0.761),and the cut-off value was 25.18 pg/mL.The AUC of WBC+sCD14-ST,sTREM-1+sCD14-ST,WBC+sTREM-1+sCD14-ST,WBC+N+sTREM-1+sCD14-ST,and WBC+N+NLR+sTREM-1+sCD14-ST were 0.720,0.747,0.756,0.760,0.806 respectively.sCD14-ST was negatively correlated with PLT(r=-0.214,P<0.05).Conclusion WBC,N,NLR,sTREM-1 and sCD14-ST have certain diagnostic values for evaluating bacterial bloodstream infections.

Microorganisms have high application value in the field of drug development such as antibacterial and anti-tumor. By using genetic engineering to modify microorganisms, intelligent engineering bacteria can be contained that can sense, transmit, compute, and feedback disease signals in real time. In this review, three crucial aspects in the construction of intelligent engineering bacteria were summarized, including the selection of chassis strains, the construction of a biosensor system, and the design of a controlled release mode of functional factors. The clinical applications of intelligent engineering bacteria in the adjunctive diagnosis and treatment of metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, tumors, and infectious diseases were further discussed. The challenges and prospects of the current research were also analyzed to provide reference for relevant personnel.

Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) has a long-standing history in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), where it has been widely used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, the potency of Aconitum alkaloids, the primary active components of Aconitum, also confers substantial toxicity. Therefore, assessing the efficacy and toxicity of these Aconitum alkaloids is crucial for ensuring clinical effectiveness and safety. Metabolomics, a quantitative method for analyzing low-molecular-weight metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, provides a comprehensive view of the metabolic state across multiple systems in vivo. This approach has become a vital investigative tool for facilitating the evaluation of their efficacy and toxicity, identifying potential sensitive biomarkers, and offering a promising avenue for elucidating the pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms underlying TCM. This review focuses on the applications of metabolomics in pharmacological and toxicological studies of Aconitum alkaloids in recent years and highlights the significant role of metabolomics in exploring compatibility detoxification and the mechanisms of TCM processing, aiming to identify more viable methods for characterizing toxic medicinal plants.
Aconitum/metabolism* ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Alkaloids/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.