Objective To analyze the characteristics of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)and molecular transmission networks in Yubei District,Chongqing,providing evidence for targeted interventions.Methods Using a cross-sectional design,plasma samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART)in Yubei District from January 2022 to December 2023.Pol gene fragments were extracted and amplified for HIV-1 genotyping and drug resistance analysis.Molecular transmission networks were constructed based on genetic distance calculations.Results Among 478 HIV-1 pol sequences,eight geno-types were identified:with CRF07_BC(60.4%,289/478),CRF08_BC(15.5%,74/478),CRF01_AE(11.7%,56/478),and CRF85_BC(5.9%,28/478).The overall PDR rate was 6.3%(30/478),with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs)and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)at 1.7%(8/478)and 5.2%(25/478),respectively.No protease inhibitor(PI)resistance was de-tected.The molecular network included 177 cases(37.0%network entry rate),forming 53 clusters with 198 connections.Cluster sizes ranged from 2 to 17 nodes,and 75.3%(149/198)of connections were associated with five subdistricts/towns:Shuanglonghu Street,Huixing Street,Luoqi Town,Gulu Town,and Baoshenghu Street.Conclusion HIV-1 genotypes in Yubei District exhibit diversity and complexity,with moderate PDR prevalence.Regional clustering of transmission networks suggests the need for enhanced molecular surveil-lance and targeted interventions based on analytical findings.

Objective:To investigate the awareness of sarcopenia and knowledge about its prevention and control in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and analyze potential influencing factors for the awareness rate of sarcopenia, in order to provide a theoretical foundation for further developing a precise health education program for elderly patients with cardiovascular disease and sarcopenia.Methods:In this multicenter cross-sectional study, the representative sampling method was used via a questionnaire to collect demographic data, awareness of sarcopenia, and knowledge about its prevention and control from 576 elderly patients aged 60 years and over receiving treatment between March and August 2022 at 12 hospitals including Zhejiang Hospital.Meanwhile, possible influencing factors on the awareness rate of sarcopenia in elderly cardiovascular disease patients were analyzed.Results:The overall awareness rate of sarcopenia in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease was 43.2%(249/576).The awareness rates for sarcopenia-related declines in grip strength and walking speed were 39.9%(230/576)and 39.8%(229/576), respectively.The rates of awareness that sarcopenia is more likely to occur in very elderly people was 37.8%(218/576)and the rate of awareness for its more likely occurrence in elderly people with chronic diseases was 29.3%(169/576).The rates of awareness that resistance exercise and protein supplementation could prevent or improve sarcopenia were 33.9%(195/576)and 37.0%(213/576), respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that being female and being 70-89 years old were independent risk factors affecting the awareness of sarcopenia and related knowledge about its prevention and control, while high school education and above and living alone were independent protective factors.Conclusions:The awareness rate of sarcopenia and knowledge about its prevention and control in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease is low and is significantly correlated to the female gender, advanced age, high educational achievement, living alone and other factors.Therefore, when education about sarcopenia is conducted, a precise health education program for sarcopenia should be established to improve the awareness rate of sarcopenia in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease, thus minimizing or delaying the occurrence and development of sarcopenia as much as possible.

Objective:A one-day nutritional survey study was conducted on geriatric inpatients in the Zhejiang region to evaluate their nutritional and health status.The study aimed to assess the nutritional and health status of elderly patients in the hospital, as well as perform a correlation analysis on the factors influencing the nutritional status of geriatric inpatients.The findings aim to provide evidence to support clinical interventions.Methods:This multicenter cross-sectional study involved conducting a one-day nutritional survey among geriatric inpatients in 42 medical units across Zhejiang, China.Questionnaires were utilized to gather demographic information, record 24-hour dietary intake, calculate total calorie and protein intake, screen for nutrition-related geriatric syndromes, and collect laboratory data from inpatients in the geriatrics department of these medical facilities.Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 25.0 software to compare groups with varying nutritional statuses and identify potential influencing factors on the nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients.Results:A total of 325 valid surveys(97.9%)were collected from 332 senior inpatients.Among them, 30 individuals(9.2%)were classified in the malnutrition group, 120 individuals(36.9%)were in the group at risk for malnutrition, and 175 individuals(53.8%)were in the group with appropriate nutrition.Approximately 37.8%(123 out of 325)of elderly hospitalized patients met the recommended minimum daily protein intake of 1g/(kg·d).Following adjustment for confounding variables, the results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that shorter daily sedentary time(2-4h), independent ambulation, assisted ambulation, maintaining regular food intake before hospitalization, and good or fair self-perceived health were protective factors for the nutritional status of elderly hospitalized patients.Conversely, having fewer than 5 teeth was identified as a risk factor.Conclusions:The prehospital living status of elderly hospitalized patients is closely related to their nutritional status.It is important to prioritize nutritional assessment and provide intervention guidance for lifestyle improvements in this population.

Objective To investigate the correlations among homocysteine(Hcy)level,serum cystatin C (Cys-c)and diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN).Methods Two hundred and three diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were enrolled,including 123 DPN patients(DPN+)and 80 non-DPN(DPN-)patients.Levels of serum Hcy,Cys-c,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and fiber fibrinogen(Fg)were detected.The above indi-cators and the baseline data such as sex,age,duration,BMI,WHR,HOMA-IR(CP),HOMA-islet(CP)were statistically analyzed. Results Hcy,Cys-c,and the duration of the DPN+ group were significantly higher than those in the DPN-group(P<0.05,respectively).HOMA-islet(CP)in the DPN-group was markedly higher than that in the DPN+group(P<0.01).The prevalence of DPN in the high level of Hcy group was much higher than that in the low and the normal level of Hcy group.Hcy was still significantly correlated with the Cys-c after taking the controlled procedure such as duration and fibrinogen. Conclusion High levels of Hcy and Cys-c are the criti-cal risk factors of DPN,collaborative determination of Hcy and Cys-c level might be of quitevaluable in early diag-nosis of DPN.