Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and related prognostic factors of hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 350 patients with HTG-AP admitted to HanZhong Central Hospital from March 2019 to March 2024. All patients received conventional treatment. They were followed up for one year after treatment. The prognosis of the patients was statistically analyzed, and logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of prognosis. Results HTG-AP patients had an acute onset, with clinical symptoms of sudden upper abdominal pain (329/350), nausea and vomiting (275/350), acidosis (101/350), and multiple organ failure (38/350). All patients had elevated serum TG. During the follow-up period, 123 cases had a poor prognosis (poor prognosis group), and 227 cases had a good prognosis (good prognosis group). Compared with the good prognosis group, the patients in the poor prognosis group had higher levels of TG, creatinine and C-reactive protein at admission, lower levels of serum calcium and albumin, and higher proportions of diabetes mellitus history and severe conditions (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis found that the factors related to the prognosis of patients with HTG-AP were TG level, C-reactive protein level, albumin level, history of diabetes mellitus, and moderate to severe condition (P<0.05). Conclusion HTG-AP patients have an acute onset and have main clinical symptoms of sudden upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Some patients experience systemic inflammatory reactions such as acidosis and multiple organ failure, and they may also have significantly increased serum TG. TG, C-reactive protein, albumin, history of diabetes mellitus, and severe disease conditions are associated with the prognosis of HTG-AP patients.

Retinoblastoma(RB)represents the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in infants and young children, posing a severe threat to the visual acuity and life of affected patients. Clinically, it is categorized into hereditary and non-hereditary subtypes. Mounting evidence indicates that RB cells most likely originate from cone photoreceptor precursor cells, and the tumorigenesis is closely associated with the inactivation of the RB1 gene. Beyond RB1, a growing list of genes including MYCN, TP53 and PRMT1 have been implicated in the initiation and progression of RB. Concurrently, the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways such as RB/E2F, WNT, and PI3K/AKT synergistically drives the survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of RB tumor cells. The therapeutic paradigm for RB has undergone a dramatic shift from the conventional enucleation-dominated approach to personalized multimodal therapies that prioritize globe salvage and visual preservation, encompassing local therapies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Moreover, novel therapeutic modalities including targeted therapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy are currently under active preclinical and clinical investigation. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), as pivotal regulators of genetic expression, have attracted increasing attention for their critical roles in RB oncogenesis and progression. These molecules hold great promise to serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers and offer innovative insights and strategies for RB treatment. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the aforementioned aspects of retinoblastoma.

Hepatolenticular degeneration， also known as Wilson disease （WD）， is a hereditary disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene， leading to copper metabolism disorders. Gene mutations result in impaired synthesis of copper-binding protein， and abnormal excretion of copper through bile leads to pathological deposition of copper in various organs， ultimately causing multi-organ damage. The insidious onset and low specificity of symptoms make it difficult to diagnose this disease. On the basis of existing studies and the theory of latent toxin， this paper proposes that latent toxin in kidney collaterals is the main pathogenesis of renal injury in WD. It is pointed out that health Qi deficiency and latent pathogen are the premises for the occurrence of this disease， and the transformation of latent pathogen into toxin is the ley pathological process. Toxin damaging kidney collaterals is the ultimate result. According to the pathogenesis， this paper proposes the treatment principle of reinforcing healthy Qi and resolving toxin and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. This review provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of renal injury in WD with traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Gandouling decoction combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation （NMES） in the treatment of dysphagia in Wilson disease （WD） with combined phlegm and stasis. MethodsA total of 80 WD patients with dysphagia due to combined phlegm and stasis treated in the Department of Encephalopathy， the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were randomized into a control group and an observation group， with 40 patients in each group. In addition， 40 healthy volunteers were recruited as the normal group. The control group was treated with basic copper drainage combined with NMES. The observation group was treated with Gandouling Decoction on the basis of the therapy in the control group. Each course of treatment lasted for 8 days， and the patients were treated for a total of 4 courses. All subjects underwent video fluoroscopic swallowing study （VFSS） before and after treatment. During the examination， contrast agents with 4 different characters were used for the swallowing action， and the passing time was recorded. The TCM syndrome score， water swallow test score， standard swallowing assessment （SSA） score， and 24-h urinary copper level before and after treatment were analyzed. ResultsWhen performing VFSS， the passing time of contrast agents of different characters in the oral stage was longer in the WD group than in the normal group （P<0.01）， while it had no significant difference in the pharyngeal stage. After treatment， the passing time in the oral stage shortened in the control and observation groups （P<0.01）， and the observation group outperformed the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， both the control and observation groups showed declines in TCM syndrome score and SSA score （P<0.01） and an increase in water swallow test score （P<0.01）， and the changes were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.01）. In addition， the treatment in the control and observation groups elevated the 24-h urinary copper level （P<0.01）， and the elevation in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group （P<0.01）. Neither group showed obvious adverse reaction. ConclusionGandouling decoction combined with NMES can significantly ameliorate dysphagia in WD patients with the syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis regarding the TCM syndrome score， water swallow test score， and SSA score， demonstrating definite clinical efficacy and high safety.

Objective To propose an innovative self-supervised learning method for vascular segmentation in computed tomography angiography (CTA) images by integrating feature reconstruction with masked autoencoding. Methods A 3D masked autoencoder-based framework was developed, where in 3D histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) was utilized for multi-scale vascular feature extraction. During pre-training, random masking was applied to local patches of CTA images, and the model was trained to jointly reconstruct original voxels and HOG features of masked regions. The pre-trained model was further fine-tuned on two annotated datasets for clinical-level vessel segmentation. Results Evaluated on two independent datasets (30 labeled CTA images each), our method achieved superior segmentation accuracy to the supervised neural network U-Net (nnU-Net) baseline, with Dice similarity coefficients of 91.2% vs. 89.7% (aorta) and 84.8% vs. 83.2% (coronary arteries). Conclusion The proposed self-supervised model significantly reduces manual annotation costs without compromising segmentation precision, showing substantial potential for enhancing clinical workflows in vascular disease management.

Definitive treatment of lung cancer with radiotherapy is challenging, as respiratory motion and anatomical changes can increase the risk of severe off-target effects during radiotherapy. Online adaptive radiotherapy (ART) is an evolving approach that enables timely modification of a treatment plan during the interfraction of radiotherapy, in response to physiologic or anatomic variations, aiming to improve the dose distribution for precise targeting and delivery in lung cancer patients. The effectiveness of online ART depends on the seamless integration of multiple components: sufficient quality of linear accelerator-integrated imaging guidance, deformable image registration, automatic recontouring, and efficient quality assurance and workflow. This review summarizes the present status of online ART for lung cancer, including key technologies, as well as the challenges and areas of active research in this field.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods*