Science and technology ethics are important measures to strengthen science and technology governance and promote responsible innovation.China's science and technology ethics construction started relatively late.To adapt to China's science and technology management system and alleviate the contradiction between the constructions of science and technology ethics and the explosive growth of future scientific and technological activities,this paper constructed a"one-top-three-layers"hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance framework,as well as analyzed the current situation.It was found that China's science and technology ethics governance system has shortcomings in top-level systems,hierarchical management,ethics governance of emerging technologies,policy implementation in provinces and cities,and the responsibility of innovation subjects.Subsequently,in response to the shortcomings of China's hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system,international advanced experiences were summarized and supplemented by specific cases.Finally,based on actual conditions and international experiences,recommendations for improving China's hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system were proposed from seven aspects,including improving the science and technology ethics provisions in China's legal documents,clarifying the ethical risk levels of various scientific and technological activities in life sciences,medicine,and artificial intelligence,strengthening the ethical governance of emerging technologies,urging provincial government departments to improve their science and technology ethics governance policies,reinforcing the main responsibility of innovation subjects in the hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system,encouraging third-party to take part in science and technology ethics governance work,as well as building a large language model of science and technology ethics governance.

Science and technology ethics are important measures to strengthen science and technology governance and promote responsible innovation.China's science and technology ethics construction started relatively late.To adapt to China's science and technology management system and alleviate the contradiction between the constructions of science and technology ethics and the explosive growth of future scientific and technological activities,this paper constructed a"one-top-three-layers"hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance framework,as well as analyzed the current situation.It was found that China's science and technology ethics governance system has shortcomings in top-level systems,hierarchical management,ethics governance of emerging technologies,policy implementation in provinces and cities,and the responsibility of innovation subjects.Subsequently,in response to the shortcomings of China's hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system,international advanced experiences were summarized and supplemented by specific cases.Finally,based on actual conditions and international experiences,recommendations for improving China's hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system were proposed from seven aspects,including improving the science and technology ethics provisions in China's legal documents,clarifying the ethical risk levels of various scientific and technological activities in life sciences,medicine,and artificial intelligence,strengthening the ethical governance of emerging technologies,urging provincial government departments to improve their science and technology ethics governance policies,reinforcing the main responsibility of innovation subjects in the hierarchical and classified science and technology ethics governance system,encouraging third-party to take part in science and technology ethics governance work,as well as building a large language model of science and technology ethics governance.