Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of movement disorders.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Icilin is a small molecule compound that has been reported to inhibit inflammation.Howev-er,its role in PD has not been reported.This study explored the effects of icilin on motor behavior,nerve damage,microglia activation,and neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD Meriones unguic-ulatus by behavioral experiments,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and fluorescence quantifi-cation.The results showed that Icilin not only ameliorated motor dysfunction and neurological damage in MPTP-induced Meriones unguiculatus,but also inhibited microglia hyperactivation and its mediated neuroinflammation.The present study provides an evidence that icilin attenuates MPTP-induced neurodegenerative lesions in long-pawed gerbils,suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PD.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of movement disorders.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Icilin is a small molecule compound that has been reported to inhibit inflammation.Howev-er,its role in PD has not been reported.This study explored the effects of icilin on motor behavior,nerve damage,microglia activation,and neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD Meriones unguic-ulatus by behavioral experiments,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and fluorescence quantifi-cation.The results showed that Icilin not only ameliorated motor dysfunction and neurological damage in MPTP-induced Meriones unguiculatus,but also inhibited microglia hyperactivation and its mediated neuroinflammation.The present study provides an evidence that icilin attenuates MPTP-induced neurodegenerative lesions in long-pawed gerbils,suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PD.

Objective:To study the clinical manifestations and treatment of neonatal testicular torsion (NTT) and to summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of the patients with NTT admitted to the Department of Pediatric Urology in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2015 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The data included demographic information, testicular torsion duration, clinical presentation, ultrasonography findings, surgical procedures, pathological results, follow-ups, and prognosis.Results:A total of 17 cases were enrolled in this study, and the median age was 5.2 d, ranging from 1 d to 17 d; the weight ranging from 2 800 g to 4 000 g. 11 cases of left testicular torsion and 6 cases of right testicular torsion. The median time from onset to medical attention was 3.8 d, ranging from 10 h to 15 d. The first manifestations being reported were scrotal swelling, color change, or painless mass. Emergency ultrasound revealed that the blood flow signal in the testis was significantly reduced or disappeared, and heterogeneous mass echoes were detected in the scrotum. Surgical exploration was performed in all 17 cases and confirmed to be testicular torsion. There were 15 cases of extravaginal torsion and 2 cases of intravaginal torsion. There were 6 cases of clockwise torsion and 11 cases of anticlockwise torsion. The average degree of twisted testis was 450.8°, ranging from 270° to 720°. The rate of orchiectomy was 88.2% (15/17). All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. None of the patients experienced postoperative bleeding or infection at the scrotal incision site. There were no instances of recurrent testicular torsion, and the contralateral testicles showed no abnormalities. In 2 cases where the affected testicle was preserved, ultrasound reevaluation at 6 months postoperatively revealed atrophy of the affected testicle.Conclusions:NTT is rare in clinics and lacks specificity, with a high rate of testis loss. When the newborns exhibit scrotal swelling, color change, or other abnormalities, testicular torsion cannot be ruled out, and early surgical exploration is required.

Objective:This paper mainly discusses the health policy of early life of pregnant women and infants in Beijing as an example,and to provide the basis for policy formulation and optimization.Methods:By using the content analysis method,149 policy texts are divided into two dimensions:policy objectives and policy instruments.The results are described by manual coding,cross analysis and trend analysis.Results:In regard to Policy Objectives,improvement of maternal and child health service levels accounts for the biggest proportion(61.7%),whereas improvement of research level accounts for the least(8.1%).In the four dimensions of policy instruments,mandatory,spontaneous,capacity-building,and incentive tools account for 90%,55%,48%and 42%respectively.According to the trend analysis,integrity of policy system has been continuously improved and the proportion of infant and child care has also increased.Both cross-analysis and trend analysis have showed the strong use of coercive and incentive tools by relevant policies;The use of spontaneous and capacity-building tools is low and decreases over time.Conclusion:Improving the level of maternal and child health services is the core concern of Beijing's early life health policy.However,relatively little attention is paid to the family,infant and child care,and scientific research construction.As for Policy Instruments,mandatory tools are widely used;Incentive Tools and Spontaneous Tools are mainly applied in well-being and soft guidance;insufficient use of Capacity-building Tools.Suggestions:In the future,the policy system should be further improved,which should be targeted and deficiency-mending.It is suggested that more resources should be increased for the family system,more attention should be paid to vulnerable groups early in life,and more financial support should be applied to scientific research on maternal and child health.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in key areas of China through HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), analyze the deviation from the actual results and identify influencing factors, and provided reference for improving the accuracy of estimation results. Methods: Based on the principle of the cohort randomized study design, 20 cities were selected in China based on population size and the number of HIV-positive MSM. The sample size was estimated to be 700 according to the HIV-1 infection rate in MSM. MSM mobile phone app. was used to establish a detection appointment and questionnaire system, and the baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2019. LAg-Avidity EIA was used to identify the recent infected samples. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was calculated and then adjusted based on the estimation formula designed by WHO. The influencing factors were identified by analyzing the sample collection and detection processes. Results: Among the 10 650 blood samples from the participants, 799 were HIV-positive in initial screening, in which 198 samples (24.78%) missed during confirmation test. Only 621 samples were received by the laboratory. After excluding misreported samples, 520 samples were qualified for testing. A total of 155 samples were eventually determined as recent infection through LAg-Avidity EIA; Based on the estimation formula , the incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in 20 cities was 4.06% (95%CI:3.27%-4.85%), it increased to 5.53% (95%CI: 4.45%-6.60%)after the adjusting for sample missing rate. When the sample missing rate and misreporting rate were both adjusted, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the MSM increased to 5.66% (95%CI:4.67%-6.65%). The actual incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in the 20 cities might be between 4.06% and 5.66%. Conclusions: Sample missing and misreporting might cause the deviation of the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence. It is important to ensure the sample source and the quality of sample collection and detection to reduce the deviation in the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; HIV-1 ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Incidence ; Male ; Sexual and Gender Minorities

Objective: To investigate the incidence and treatment of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in Hubei Province. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7 474 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in 62 hospitals in 15 cities (state) of Hubei Province in 2019 were collected in the form of network database. There were 4 749 males and 2 725 females. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 17 to 96 years). The hemoglobin value of the first time in hospital and the first day after operation was used as the criterion of preoperative anemia and postoperative anemia. Anemia was defined as male hemoglobin <120 g/L and female hemoglobin <110.0 g/L, mild anemia as 90 to normal, moderate anemia as 60 to <90 g/L, severe anemia as <60 g/L. The t test and χ² test were used for inter-group comparison. Results: The overall incidence of preoperative anemia was 38.60%(2 885/7 474), and the incidences of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 25.09%(1 875/7 474), 11.37%(850/7 474) and 2.14%(160/7 474), respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative anemia was 61.40%(4 589/7 474). The incidence of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 48.73%(3 642/7 474), 12.20%(912/7 474) and 0.47%(35/7 474), respectively. The proportion of preoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 26.86% (775/2 885), and the proportion of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 14.93% (685/4 589). The proportions of preoperative anemia patients in grade ⅢA, grade ⅢB, and grade ⅡA hospitals receiving treatment were 26.12% (649/2 485), 32.32% (85/263), and 29.93% (41/137), and the proportions of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment were 14.61% (592/4 052), 22.05% (73/331), and 9.71% (20/206). The proportion of intraoperative blood transfusion (16.74% (483/2 885) vs. 3.05% (140/4 589), χ²=434.555, P<0.01) and the incidence of postoperative complications (17.78% (513/2 885) vs. 14.08% (646/4 589), χ²=18.553, P<0.01) in the preoperative anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group, and the postoperative hospital stay in the preoperative anemia group was longer than that in the non-anemia group ((14.1±7.3) days vs. (13.3±6.2) days, t=5.202, P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is high. Preoperative anemia can increase the demand for intraoperative blood transfusion and affect the short-term prognosis of patients. At present, the concept of standardized treatment of perioperative anemia among gastrointestinal surgeons in Hubei Province needs to be improved.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia/epidemiology* ; Blood Transfusion ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) on brain function of APP/PS1 mice. Methods:Sixteen 4-month-old APP/PS1 mice in the same litter were randomly divided into model group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). Eight transgenic negative mice in the same litter were as control group. The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for 16 weeks. They were assessed with Object Recognition Test before and after intervention, and observed under small animal functional magnetic resonance imaging with regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis. Results:Compared with the control group, the discrimination ratio decreased in the model group after intervention (P < 0.05), while it increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, ReHo of right basal forebrain and left hippocampus decreased in the model group before intervention. Compared with the control group, ReHo decreased in bilateral hippocampus group and increased in retrosplenial cortex in the model group after intervention; while it increased in bilateral hippocampus and motor cortex and decreased in anterior cingulate gyrus in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting may delay the decline of learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease model mice, which may relate to the regulation of functional activities in hippocampus.

β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation are important pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglial membrane receptors, such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Toll-like receptors, complement system and scavenger receptor, play a key role that mediate neuroinflammatory responses, promote Aβ clearance and signal transduction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of a modified arthroscopic outside-in suture technique in the treatment of meniscus tear using a spinal needle. METHODS: From January 2015 to October 2017, 95 patients treated with this method were followed-up. Among these cases, there were 36 males and 59 females. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 77 years, (46.79±18.07) years in average. Among them, there were 28 patieats aged 16-35, 53 patients aged 36-65, and 14 patients aged over 65 years old. 28 cases were diagnosed with medial meniscus tear, 43 cases with lateral meniscus tear and 24 cases with both medial and lateral meniscus tear. Causes of the injury included sports, sprain, etc. According to Barrett standard, the clinical healing of meniscus tear was judged. Lysholm score, knee range of motion, visual simulation score (VAS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the postoperative knee function and recovery of the patients. RESULTS: The 95 patients were followed up for 22 to 36 months, with an average of (28.32±3.98) months. According to Barrett standard, 90 patients (94.7%) obtained meniscus clinical healing. Meniscal healing rates were 96.43%, 96.23% and 85.71% in the three age groups, respectively. The meniscal healing rate was lower in the elderly group, but there was no significant difference in statistical results (P=0.262). Five patients had deep tenderness in the joint space of the injured side, and the overstretch test was positive. The preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, Lysholm scores and knee motion were compared in each group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). At the end of the last follow-up, there were no cases of knee joint effusion, swelling and interlocking, and the joint function was effectively improved in most patients. No surgical site infection, periarticular vascular/nerve injury or knotting reaction was found during the follow-up. CONCLUSION This modified arthroscopic outside-in suture technique using a spinal needle has the characteristics of simple operation, small trauma and rapid recovery, and the mid-term follow-up results were satisfactory. Therefore, we consider this method to be a safe and efficient method for the treatment of meniscus anterior horn and body tear.
Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/surgery* ; Male ; Punctures ; Suture Techniques ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical technique and clinical effect of less invasive intrame-dullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 46 cases of subtrochanteric fractures in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Among them, there were 14 males and 32 females, with an average age of (77.83±10.66) years (44-92 years); 17 cases on the left side and 29 cases on the right side. The causes of injury included crash from a height, traffic accident and accidental fall. According to Seinsheimer classification, there were 26 cases of type Ⅱ, 11 cases of type Ⅲ, 9 cases of type Ⅳ, and these cases were all closed injury. After admission, these patients underwent continuous tibial tuberosity bone traction to maintain the length and force line of the lower extremity, so as to reduce the difficulty of intraoperative fracture reduction. Anticoagulant therapy was given before operation to reduce perioperative thrombotic complications. All the patients were treated with less invasive intramedullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage. Operation time, blood loss during surgery, time of fracture healing were recorded, Harris and Sanders scoring system were used to assess hip function after operation at each follow-up time point. RESULTS: All the included patients underwent surgery successfully. Average operative time and intraoperative blood loss of these patients were (131.09 ± 20.06) min and (191.96±111.03) mL, respectively. All the patients were followed up satisfactorily, with an average follow-up time of 28 months. The fractures received bone healing within 3-6 months, average hospital stay was (10.61±2.85) days. The Sanders score was excellent in 3 cases, good in 37 cases and common in 6 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 86.96%. The Harris score was excellent in 6 cases, good in 36 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 91.30%. There were no cases of wound infection, loss of reduction, nonunion of fracture or internal fixation failure. Hip pain symptoms were effectively relieved in most patients. CONCLUSION Less invasive intramedullary nail fixation combined with titanium cable cerclage can obtain good alignment and stability of fracture ends, which is an effective method for the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing ; Hip Fractures/surgery* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome