Purpose: Individuals who exercise commonly consume commercial beverages for rehydration and performance maintenance. Nevertheless, differences in carbohydrate and sodium content can influence hydration efficacy. This study aims to compare the effects of demineralized water (DW), sweetened tea (ST), and electrolyte-containing beverage (EB) on rehydration after exercise-induced dehydration. Methods: A three-way, randomized, crossover design was applied in nine healthy male participants (age, 24.9 ± 1.8 years; body mass index, 21.1 ± 0.9 kg/m 2 ). Participants performed cycling exercise in a hot environment to induce approximately 2% body mass loss during the dehydration stage. During the rehydration stage, participants consumed DW, ST, or EB in volumes equivalent to body mass loss under temperature-controlled conditions. ST contained 7.8% carbohydrate and 1.59 mEq/L sodium; EB contained 3.8% carbohydrate and 23.73 mEq/L sodium, while DW contained neither. Hydration status was assessed using body mass, blood, and urine parameters. Results: Participants lost 2% of body mass within 84.4 ± 8.5 minutes. During the rehydration stage, plasma volume increased earlier in the EB group, with a significant increase observed at 60 minutes (5.4 ± 5.0%, p < 0.05). Blood sodium levels in the DW group were significantly lower than those in the ST and EB groups at 60 minutes and remained lower than in the EB group until 180 minutes (p < 0.05). The EB group exhibited a higher median fluid retention (86.6 [66.5; 91.0]) than the DW group (84.3 [65.5; 89.7]) and ST group (83.8 [75.7; 87.9]), but these differences were not significant. Conclusion The EB group showed earlier plasma volume recovery than the DW and ST groups, and maintained higher blood sodium levels than the DW group. These findings suggest a supportive role of EB in early post-exercise rehydration and electrolyte balance.Future studies should investigate the effects of increased fluid volumes and prolonged rehydration durations.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify workstation factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among information technology (IT) professionals in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 IT workers at small-enterprise companies who were randomly selected across East Java, Indonesia. The data were modeled using multiple linear regression, with a 95% level of confidence for determining statistical significance. Results: The respondents reported that the neck had the highest level of discomfort and was the most at risk of WMSDs, followed by the lower back, right shoulder, and upper back. Screen use duration (p=0.040) was associated with whole-body WMSDs, along with seat width (p=0.059), armrest (p=0.027), monitor (p=0.046), and a combined telephone and monitor score (p=0.028). Meanwhile, the factors significantly related to the risk of WMSDs in the hands and wrist were working period (p=0.039), night shift (p=0.024), backrest (p=0.008), and mouse score (p=0.032). Conclusions Occupational safety authorities, standards-setting departments, and policymakers should prioritize addressing the risk factors for WMSDs among IT professionals.

Introduction: Work-related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) becomes the one of most-occupational problem and highly related to the individual and work factors. Eighty percent (80%) workers in the woven bamboo industry in Mojorejo Village dominated by middle aged workers (>40 years) that most of their producing activities are manually handled, without using machine or modern technology. Incompatibility work station, long working hours and repeated movement aggravated the WMSDs risk. This study aims to describe the WMSDs risk and determine its factors based on individual characteristics. Methods: There are 58 workers as respondents in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected and analyzed using quantitative method. Posture Exposure (PE) were measured using the QEC instrument. While the WMSDs risk were measured using PLIBEL. Individual factors (PE, Age, Working Period) related to WMSDs were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression (95% CI). The Chi-square test were also used to compare PE rates among WMSDs risk levels. Results: Most respondents (48.3%) with 51-70% PE rate have a high level of WMSDs risk. While 27 % respondents with PE rate >70% have a very high level. The neck is the region most exposed to the WMSDs (score 15.5/very high level risk). PE rate is the only factor that significantly related to WMSDs risk (sig. = 0.043; Rsquare = 0.529; r =0.703). While the age and working period has no significant correlation (Sig = 0.859 and 0.851 respectively). Conclusion: Based on the result, immediate improvement required to be implemented. It is suggested to redesigned work stations adjusted to the workers posture and position.

Endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis is associated with increasing oxidative stress that could be reversed by antioxidant. Therefore epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and catechin (C) of tea flavonoids were investigated for their roles in regenerating endothelial cell. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs) were isolated, plated and cultured in medium with/without treatment of EGCG, ECG, EGC and C. Results showed that among all EGCG, ECG, EGC and C concentrations tested, 12.5 µmol/L was not cytotoxic for peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (PB-EPCs). Treatment of EGCG, ECG, EGC or C increased the percentages of CD34, CD133, VEGFR-2 expressions and suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced percentages of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in PB-EPCs. Taken together, our current results showed that EGCG, ECG, EGC or C of tea flavonoids could induce differentiation of PB-MNCs into PB-EPCs as well as protect PB-EPCs from oxidative damage by suppresing the intracellular ROS levels.
Apoptosis ; Atherosclerosis ; Catechin ; Electrocardiography ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells* ; Flavonoids* ; Hydrogen ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Tea* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2