Abstract Background: Important determinants of dialysis adequacy are blood flow rate (BFR) and dialysis time. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BFR and duration of dialysis session on nutritional status and quality of life (QoL) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Real-world evidence studies (RWE) of 3 HD units that differ in BFR and/or dialysis time. Group I, HD 5 hours and BFR 200-250 mL/minute; group II, HD 4 hours and BFR 270-320 mL/minute, and group III, HD 4 hours and BFR 200-250 mL/minute. All HD units use the same dialysate flow and dialysis frequency. The 3-point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale is used to assess nutritional status, while QOL is assessed using the SF-36. Results: There were 291 chronic HD patients with an average age of 51 (12.3) years, 50.5% were male. The proportion of SGA classes between groups did not differ significantly. Group I was associated with significantly higher PF and RP domain scores of PC and VT domain scores of MC compared to Group III. On the other hand, Group II was associated with significantly lower VT and MH domain scores of MC compared to Group I, while the other domains were not significantly different. In general, Group III had the lowest SF-36 scores compared to the other 2 groups. Conclusion: Duration of HD was not associated with nutritional status. Compared with 4-hour HD but with a faster BFR, 5-hour HD was associated with higher Mental Component QOL scores, but not Physical Component scores.
Subjective global assessment ; SF-36 questionnaire ; Blood flow rate ; Dialysis time

INTRODUCTION: In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) suitable for peritoneal dialysis (PD), PD should ideally be planned and initiated electively (planned-start PD). If patients present late, some centres initiate PD immediately with an urgent-start PD strategy. However, as urgent-start PD is resource intensive, we evaluated another strategy where patients first undergo emergent haemodialysis (HD), followed by early PD catheter insertion, and switch to PD 48-72 hours after PD catheter insertion (early-start PD). Conventionally, late-presenting patients are often started on HD, followed by deferred PD catheter insertion before switching to PD≥14 days after catheter insertion (deferred start PD). METHODS: This is a retrospective study of new ESKD patients, comparing the planned-start, early-start and deferred-start PD strategies. Outcomes within 1 year of dialysis initiation were studied. RESULTS: Of 148 patients, 57 (38.5%) patients had planned-start, 23 (15.5%) early-start and 68 (45.9%) deferred-start PD. Baseline biochemical parameters were similar except for a lower serum urea with planned-start PD. No significant differences were seen in the primary outcomes of technique and patient survival across all 3 subgroups. Compared to planned-start PD, early-start PD had a shorter time to catheter migration (hazard ratio [HR] 14.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-121.04, P=0.016) while deferred-start PD has a shorter time to first peritonitis (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.03-6.01, P=0.043) and first hospital admission (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.35-3.07, P=0.001). CONCLUSION Planned-start PD is the best PD initiation strategy. However, if this is not possible, early-start PD is a viable alternative. Catheter migration may be more frequent with early-start PD but does not appear to impact technique survival.
Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy* ; Male ; Peritoneal Dialysis/methods* ; Renal Dialysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: Hip fractures in hemodialysis patients are accompanied by high rates of complications and morbidities. Previous studies have mainly reported on nonunion and avascular necrosis of femoral neck fractures in this patient group. In this study the complication and clinical results of hemodialysis patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral intramedullary nailing have been investigated through comparison with patients with normal kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients were included; the hemodialysis group (n=17) and the control group with normal kidney function (n=30). The medical history and clinical findings including preoperative and postoperative blood examinations, radiological examinations and ambulatory status (measured using the Koval score). The rate of complications and morbidities were also investigated and compared. RESULTS: Preoperative hemoglobin/hematocrit was lower but a significant increase in partial thromboplastin time was observed in the hemodialysis group. The amount of bleeding/transfusions were higher and operative time was longer in the hemodialysis group. Upon radiologic examination, there was no significant difference in rate of unstable fracture and nonunion between the two groups. However the postoperative Koval score was significantly worse and the odds ratio of inability to walk after surgery was 13.5 times higher in the hemodialysis group. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in radiological results, but the risk of inability to walk after surgery was 13.5 times higher in the hemodialysis group. Hemodialysis patients have more morbidities and are hemodynamically unstable therefore require special attention. Accurate reduction and firm fixation is required and attentive postoperative rehabilitation is needed.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Kidney ; Necrosis ; Odds Ratio ; Operative Time ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Rehabilitation ; Renal Dialysis*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study analyzed the risk factors for technique survival in dialysis patients and compared technique survival rates between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a prospective cohort of Korean patients. METHODS: A total of 1,042 patients undergoing dialysis from September 2008 to June 2011 were analyzed. The dialysis modality was defined as that used 90 days after commencing dialysis. Technique survival was compared between the two dialysis modalities, and the predictive risk factors were evaluated. RESULTS: The dialysis modality was an independent risk factor predictive of technique survival. PD had a higher risk for technique failure than HD (hazard ratio [HR], 10.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 62.0; p = 0.008) during a median follow-up of 11.0 months. In the PD group, a high body mass index (BMI) was an independent risk factor for technique failure (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8; p = 0.036). Peritonitis was the most common cause of PD technique failure. The difference in technique survival between PD and HD was more prominent in diabetic patients with a good nutritional status and in non-diabetic patients with a poor nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective cohort of Korean patients with end-stage renal disease, PD was associated with a higher risk of technique failure than HD. Diabetic patients with a good nutritional status and non-diabetic patients with a poor nutritional status, as well as patients with a higher BMI, had an inferior technique survival rate with PD compared to HD.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/mortality/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects/mortality ; Prospective Studies ; *Renal Dialysis/adverse effects/mortality ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Long term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often associated with peritoneal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of emodin on PD-related peritoneal fibrosis and its related cellular and molecular mechanism. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis rats and cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were recruited in the experiment. PD-related peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lactate-buffered solution containing 4.25% glucose. The peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) was performed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks, respectively. HE staining and Masson staining were used for histopathological evaluation. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma N-terminal procollagen III propeptide (PIIINP) level. Real-time PCR technique was used to detect the mRNA levels of Notch1, Jagged-1, and Hes-1 in peritoneal tissue. Western blot was applied to identify the protein levels of Notch1, Jagged-1, Hes-1, and Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In vitro, Notch1 overexpressing or knockdown rat peritoneal mesothelial cells were established and Western blot was used to examine the effect of emodin on the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey. Compared with the control group, HE staining revealed that PD rats suffered from decreasing in mesothelial cells, or detaching from surface of parietal peritoneum, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells; Masson staining result showed thickened peritonea (P < 0.01), and the collagen deposition in the parietal peritoneum was increased; also, PIIINP level in plasma was elevated (P < 0.01). Treatment of the PD rats with emodin increased mesothelial cells in peritoneal tissue, and decreased the peritoneal thickness (P < 0.01), collagen depositions, as well as the plasma PIIINP level (P < 0.05). The expressions of Notch1, Jagged-1, Hes-1 and NICD in peritoneal tissue were also attenuated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells, compared with emodin group, emodin further inhibited the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey induced by Notch1-overexpression (P < 0.05), but not the expressions of Hes-1 and Hey induced by Notch1-knockdown (P > 0.05). Therefore, the activation of Notch pathway may be involved in the pathological process of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Emodin may ameliorate the PD-related peritoneal fibrosis through inhibiting the activation of Notch pathway.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Emodin ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Peptide Fragments ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Fibrosis ; Peritoneum ; Procollagen ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus between male and female Korean patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed at a single tertiary hospital from August 1994 to May 2010. Male patients were matched with two to three female patients based on age and disease duration. Organ damage was assessed using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SLICC/ACR DI). RESULTS: Fifty-three male patients were compared with 150 female patients. Renal disorders were found more frequently in male patients at disease onset (p < 0.001); the adjusted odds ratio (OR) demonstrated a significant sex preponderance for renal manifestations (OR, 3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62 to 6.57). Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis during the disease course were more prevalent in male patients (p = 0.025 and p < 0.001, respectively). The risk for requiring long-term dialysis was significantly higher in male than in female patients (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.07 to 15.06), as was the mean SLICC/ACR DI (1.55 +/- 1.35 vs. 1.02 +/- 1.57, respectively; p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that Korean patients with lupus have characteristics similar to those of cohorts reported previously. Male patients had significantly higher incidences of renal manifestations and organ damage.
Adult ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/ethnology/therapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis/*ethnology/mortality/therapy ; Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis/ethnology/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

The Korean Society of Nephrology (KSN) launched a nationwide end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient registry in 1985 called the Insan Prof. Byung-Suk Min Memorial ESRD Patient Registry. KSN members voluntarily participate in this registry, which has been collecting data through the Internet since 2000. The KSN ESRD patient registry data were reviewed to elucidate the major changes and improvements in dialysis therapy in Korea. The data review revealed: a rapid increase in the number of patients with ESRD; an increase in the number of patients with diabetic nephropathy; a decrease in the proportion of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis; an increase in the role of private dialysis clinics; an increase in the number of elderly patients undergoing dialysis and the number of patients undergoing long-term dialysis; a decrease in mean blood pressure and an increase in pulse pressure; improvement in anemia treatment; improvement in dialysis adequacy; and improvement in the survival of patients undergoing dialysis. In conclusion, improvements have been made in blood pressure control, anemia treatment, and dialysis adequacy despite increases in the number of elderly patients, diabetic patients, and patients on long-term dialysis during the last two decades in Korea.
Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis/mortality/*therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/mortality/*therapy ; Peritoneal Dialysis/trends ; Private Sector/trends ; Quality Improvement/trends ; Quality Indicators, Health Care/trends ; Registries ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects/mortality/standards/*trends ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors relevant to success rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) plasty in children who need maintenance hemodialysis and to provide predictor of the success of operation.

METHODTotally 62 patients who had arteriovenous fistula plasty operation for maintenance of hemodialysis in our hospital treated during June 2007 to April 2014 were enrolled into this study, 41 were male, and 21 female, median age of surgery was 11 years and 9 months (age range was 5 y 8 m to 16 y 2 m). The proportions of primary diseases were: chronic glomerulonephritis 29% (18), kidney abnormality and dysplasia 27% (17). These 62 cases were divided into 2 groups: the success group and the failure group according to whether there were tremble and vascular murmur on the surgery site 1 week after the surgery. Factors like sex, choice of operation side, choice of operation vessel, anesthesia, urine protein, model of vascular suture line, age of surgery, inner diameter of anastomotic stoma, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), hematocrit (Hct), coagulation function (prothrombin time, PT, fibrinogen, Fib, activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT), creatinine (Scr), Ca²⁺, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), blood pressure (before, during and after surgery) were collected retrospectively. Student's t test and chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences of the factors between 2 groups. Those factors which were statistically significant in t test and chi-square test were taken into multi factor logistic regression analysis.

RESULT(1) Average time interval from final diagnosis of ESRD to surgery was 30.8 days. (2) Relevant factors of operation success rate: anesthesia (χ² = 5.531, P=0.026), preoperative serum cholesterol (CHO) (t=-2.069, P=0.043), mean systolic blood pressure in the afternoon before operation (t=2.154, P=0.042), systolic blood pressure when the operation was finished (t=2.199, P=0.032) were related to the success rate of AVF operation in the t test and chi-square test. Multi factors logistic regression analysis showed systolic blood pressure measured when the operation was finished was a dependent protective factor of the surgery (OR=0.962, P=0.040, 95% CI=0.926-0.998). When the systolic blood pressure at the end of operation elevated 1 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), the failure rate of the surgery would be 0.962 times.

CONCLUSIONThe time interval from final diagnosis of ESRD to surgery was 30.8 days, it was much shorter than 6-12 months which was suggested by 2006 NKF-KDOQI vascular access guideline. As dependent protective factor of success rate, the systolic blood pressure at the end of operation was suggested to be the predictor of successful operation. And the higher systolic blood pressure at the end of operation may increase the success rate of operation.

Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; surgery ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; surgery ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Renal Dialysis ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo learn application status of continuous blood purification (CBP) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), to provide reference to promote the development of CBP technology.

METHODThe survey of CBP application was conducted using questionnaire in 40 hospitals providing intensive care, which included children's hospitals and the pediatric sections of general hospitals from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China during March to July of 2012.

RESULTTotally 38 hospital replied, 25 hospitals carried out CBP technology, first carried out in 1997, the median year was 2008, 21 hospitals' PICU could independently carry out CBP device, 18 hospitals had the nurses who could professionally operate, routinely maintain the device. Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration was the largest implementation mode of CBP, accounting for 51.9%. Twenty-three hospitals used ordinary heparin, and 2 hospitals used low molecular weight heparin; 21 hospitals chose activated partial thromboplastin time as the coagulation testing, due to lack of equipment, only four hospitals chose activated clotting time as coagulation testing. Only 3 hospitals could apply before and after dilution joint technology. Kidney failure is still the disease accounting for the highest proportion of diseases requiring CBP application, accounting for 38.1%, followed by sepsis, 19.1%, drug poisoning 16.7%.

CONCLUSIONCBP started 10 years ago, and got attention and promotion nearly five years ago in China, but the associated personnel, equipment were inadequate, anticoagulation, before and after dilution and other technical applications were not complete enough, high volume hemofiltration mode was seldom used.

Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Heparin ; administration & dosage ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Renal Dialysis ; methods ; Renal Insufficiency ; therapy ; Sepsis ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis in the treatment of severe organophosphate pesticide poisoning.

METHODSNinety-eight patients with severe organophosphate pesticide poisoning who were admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from March 2005 to September 2013 were equally divided into control group and observation group according to treatment methods. The control group was given conventional emergency treatment, while the observation group was given hemoperfusion combined with hemodialysis and the conventional emergency treatment. The clinical outcomes and complications of two groups were compared.

RESULTSIn the control group, 35 patients were cured and 14 patients died, so the cure rate was 71.4%. In the treatment group, 46 patients were cured and 3 patients died, so the cure rate was 93.9%. The treatment group had a significantly higher cure rate than the control group (χ² = 8.611, P < 0.05). And the treatment group had significantly shorter duration of coma (P < 0.01), mean length of hospital stay (P < 0.01), and time to recovery of cholinesterase activity (P < 0.01) and a significantly reduced dose of atropine than the control group (P < 0.01). The control group had significantly more cases of urinary retention than the treatment group (18 vs. 6, χ² = 4.991, P < 0.05). And the control group had more cases of intermediate syndrome, respiratory failure, delayed neurological damage, and rebound than the treatment group.

CONCLUSIONHemoperfusion combined hemodialysis has a good clinical effect and causes fewer complications in treating severe organophosphate pesticide poisoning, so it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Atropine ; Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Insecticides ; poisoning ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; therapy ; Organophosphates ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Renal Dialysis ; Time Factors