Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the pillar for the development of motherland medicine, and animal medicine has a long history of application in China, characterized by wide resources, strong activity, definite efficacy, and great benefits. It has significant potential and important status in the consumption market of raw materials of TCM. In the context of global climate change, farming system alterations, and low renewability, the depletion of wild medicinal animal resources has accelerated. Accordingly, the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of animal medicinal materials has become a problem that garners increasing attention and urgently needs to be solved. This paper summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign medicinal animal breeding and research progress in industrial application in recent years and points out the issues related to standardized breeding, germplasm selection and breeding, and quality evaluation standards for medicinal animals. Furthermore, this paper discusses standardized breeding, quality standards, resource protection and utilization, and the search for alternative resources for rare and endangered medicinal animals. It proposes that researchers should systematically carry out in-depth basic research on animal medicine, improve the breeding scale and level of medicinal animals, employ modern technology to enhance the quality standards of medicinal materials, and strengthen the research and development of alternative resources. This approach aims to effectively address the relationship between protection and utilization and make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of medicinal animal resources and the animal-based Chinese medicinal material industry.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources

Gene regulation relies on the precise binding of transcription factors (TFs) at regulatory elements, but simultaneously detecting hundreds of TFs on chromatin is challenging. We developed cFOOT-seq, a cytosine deaminase-based TF footprinting assay, for high-resolution, quantitative genome-wide assessment of TF binding in both open and closed chromatin regions, even with small cell numbers. By utilizing the dsDNA deaminase SsdAtox, cFOOT-seq converts accessible cytosines to uracil while preserving genomic integrity, making it compatible with techniques like ATAC-seq for sensitive and cost-effective detection of TF occupancy at the single-molecule and single-cell level. Our approach enables the delineation of TF footprints, quantification of occupancy, and examination of chromatin influences on TF binding. Notably, cFOOT-seq, combined with FootTrack analysis, enables de novo prediction of TF binding sites and tracking of TF occupancy dynamics. We demonstrate its application in capturing cell type-specific TFs, analyzing TF dynamics during reprogramming, and revealing TF dependencies on chromatin remodelers. Overall, cFOOT-seq represents a robust approach for investigating the genome-wide dynamics of TF occupancy and elucidating the cis-regulatory architecture underlying gene regulation.
Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Humans ; Chromatin/genetics* ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Mice ; DNA Footprinting/methods*

Objective To explore the clinical value of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)to optimize endocrine therapy for peri-menopausal early breast cancer.Methods Two hundred and four patients of pre-menopausal breast cancer aged 45-55 years old between 2020 and 2023 were enrolled,and AMH≤0.1 ng/mL was considered as cut-off value for menopause.Switching from selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM)to aromatase inhibitor aromatase inhibitor(AI)and initial endocrine therapy regimens were based on AMH,follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E2).Results Pre-chemotherapy AMH level was significantly negatively correlated with FSH level(P<0.001).Among 100 cases who were amenorrhea for one year during SERM treatment,42 cases did not have AMH testing.Fourteen out of the 42 cases switched to AI within one year,and ovarian function recovery(OFR)occurred in 2 cases after AI switching.Fifteen cases with AMH>0.1 ng/mL did not switch to AI within one year.Forty among 43 cases with AMH≤0.1 ng/mL switched to AI,after a significantly shorter median SERM treatment duration(3.15 months vs.8.14 months,P<0.001)and a significantly lower OFR rate(0 vs.12.5%,P=0.023)compared with those who did not test AMH but switched to AI.AMH≤0.1 ng/mL was an independent risk factor of transition to menopause shortly in peri-menopausal patients(OR=35.857,P<0.001).Among 104 cases with AMH tested before adjuvant chemotherapy,69 cases had AMH>0.1 ng/mL.Thirty-one out of the 69 cases were treated with ovarian function suppression(OFS)initially and 38 with SERM initially.Thirty-five cases with AMH≤0.1 ng/mL were all treated with SERM initially,with a higher rate of switching to AI(71.4%vs.23.7%,P<0.001)and a shorter SERM treatment duration(6.52 months vs.13.56 months,P=0.016)compared with the 38 cases(AMH>0.1 ng/mL)treated initially with SERM.After a median 30-month follow-up,no recurrence was observed in these thirty-five cases treated with SERM initially and AMH≤0.1 ng/mL,just like in OFS group.And they had a tendency of improved survival outcome compared with those treated with SERM initially and AMH>0.1 ng/mL(Log Rank P=0.076).Conclusion AMH could evaluate and predict menopause accurately,resulting in optimizing endocrine therapy for peri-menopausal patients effectively and safely.

[Objective]To investigate the efficacy of a blended instruction model which incorporated preceptorship into the clinical anatomy course at Sun Yat-sen University and improve satisfaction and performance of medical students.[Methods]The study recruited participants including 375 Chinese students aged 20-24 years old,2 anatomy professors,49 surgeons and 7 lab technicians. The students were divided into 10 teams and each team was tutored by 1 anatomy professor,2 surgeons and 1 lab technician. After the course ended,the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Student Experience in Education Questionnaire (SEEQ) were used in the survey to measure the quality of teaching and students' overall educational experience. Students' performance scores were collected and analyzed.[Results]The response rates for CEQ and SEEQ were 60.3％ (226/375) and 54.6％ (200/375),respectively. CEQ indicated a moderate level of overall satisfaction with 7.12 out of 10. Subscales like Clear Goals,Good Teaching and Generic Skills showed moderately positive reception of the course,while subscales like Appropriate Workload and Appropriate Assessment revealed students' concerns about heavy workload and difficult exam. There was no statistically significant difference in perceptions between male and female students. The students who are more satisfied with the quality of the course are also more satisfied with the way it is taught (P<0.01). SEEQ further confirmed the universal appeal of the course,with high scores in dimensions like Learning,Enthusiasm and Individual Rapport among the students. Qualitative responses highlighted areas of improvement,such as consistent teaching methods,practical hands-on experience for the students and alignment between what was taught and tested.The students after the preceptorship introduction achieved better academic performance than before.[Conclusions]The blended instruction model incorporating preceptorship enhances the student satisfaction and performance in clinical anatomy course,and also stimulates students' learning enthusiasm and group interaction. We need further improvement in the teaching quality control,syllabus contents and course assessment for teaching of clinical anatomy.

Epidural labor analgesia aims to provide effective medical services to alleviate labor pain in parturients, while adhering to the principles of voluntary participation and clinical safety. In 2018, Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)became one of the first pilot units for labor analgesia in China, and has achieved satisfactory results in high-quality development of labor analgesia. This article mainly introduces the achievements and experience of labor analgesia at PUMCH, including: (1) prioritizing maternal and infant safety, arranging personnel rationally, and developing standardized treatment processes through multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and comfortable childbirth; (2) leveraging the hospital's comprehensive capabilities in emergency treatment, and improving collaborative rescue plans for critically ill parturients and newborns; (3) implementing advanced teaching methods to effectively train and conduct simulated drills for labor analgesia and rescue of critically ill parturients; (4) conducting patient education and informative lectures to help parturients acquire a scientific understanding of labor analgesia. We hope that this experience can provide reference and inspiration for other hospitals.

This study investigated the characteristics of gut microbiota imbalance in patients with infectious diarrhea caused by various pathogenic infections,and the role of Bacteroides in maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal environment.The gut microbiota in patients with diarrhea caused by pathogenic infections,such as viral and bacterial infections,was determined through full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Patients with diarrhea were grouped and analyzed according to the presence of single bacterial infection,single viral infection,mixed infection,or Clostridioides difficile infection.Bacteroides had the highest absolute number and relative abundance in the gut microbiota in healthy people,whereas patients with infectious diar-rhea showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroides at each phylum/order/family/genus taxonomic level.Alpha diversity anal-ysis indicated no significant differences among groups.NMDS and PCoA indicated formation of distinct clusters in the control group compared with the different infectious diarrhea groups.The diversity of the gut microbiota was higher in the control group than the infectious diarrhea groups.Patients with infec-tious diarrhea caused by different pathogens showed differing predominant gut microbiota.Bifidobacterium predominated in the single viral infection group,Streptococcus predominated in the single bacterial infection group,and Lachnoclostridium predominated in the mixed infection group.Escherichia and Klebsiella were the major gut microbiota in the C.difficile infection group.Meanwhile,the dominant gut microbiota in the healthy population was Bacteroides.COG function prediction revealed that the healthy control group formed a distinct cluster from the different infection groups.The functions of defense mechanisms,cell wall synthesis,protein modification,cellular differentiation,and replication and recombination were signifi-cantly diminished in all infectious diarrhea groups.In general,patients with infectious diarrhea caused by different pathogens showed dysbiosis,with diminished gut microbiota diversity and the emergence of related biomarkers.Our findings indicated that Bacteroides has a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal environment,thus providing new ideas for the subsequent treatment of infectious diarrhea and research in other fields.

Aim To explore the effect of quercetin(Que)on ferroptosis and the potential mechanisms in an Erastin-induced ferroptosis model in chondrocytes.Methods A model of Erastin-induced ferroptosis was established in C28/I2 chondrocytes.Cells were treated with different concentrations of Que.Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed by MTT and LDH assays.The expression levels of Prdx6 and ferroptosis-related proteins ACSL4 and GPX4 in chondrocytes were deter-mined by Western blot.Lipid ROS production in chon-drocytes was measured by flow cytometry,while the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were de-tected by RH123 staining.Prdx6 mRNA expression in chondrocytes was quantified by RT-qPCR.The chan-ges in the expression of the ferroptosis-related proteins ACSL4 and GPX4 were detected by immunofluores-cence staining.Results Compared to the Erastin-in-duced ferroptosis model group,Que significantly im-proved the viability of C28/I2 chondrocytes and re-duced cell cytotoxicity.It decreased the expression of the ferroptosis-related protein ACSL4 and increased the expression of GPX4.Que also inhibited the production of lipid ROS in chondrocytes and strengthened their mitochondrial membrane potential.In addition,the ex-pression of Prdx6 was significantly reduced in the Eras-tin group compared to the control group,while Que treatment upregulated the expression of Prdx6.Mean-while,the inhibitory effect of Que on chondrocyte fer-roptosis was reduced by the use of MJ33,an inhibitor of Prdx6.Conclusion Que can inhibit Erastin-induced ferroptosis of C28/I2 chondrocytes,possibly by upregu-lating Prdx6,and thus play a protective role in chon-drocytes.

ObjectiveTo perform visual analysis of the literature in the field of adolescent social isolation in order to provide reference for research on social isolation of Chinese teenagers. MethodsLiterature related to adolescent social isolation was retrieved from the Web of Science core collection database from September 2013 to September 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software was used to conduct bibliometric analysis on publication volume， publication organization， keyword clustering， keyword salience， and time⁃line map of hot words. ResultsA total of 1 347 related articles were screened out， and the overall number of publications from 2013 showed an upward trend. The largest number of articles came from the United States with 521 （38.68%）， and China ranked 6th with 79 （5.86%）. The top three institutions were Columbia University in the United States （29 articles）， King's College London in the United Kingdom （28 articles） and the University of London in the United Kingdom （27 articles）. Research hotspots mainly focused on social isolation， physical and mental health， loneliness， quality of life and comprehensive interventions. ConclusionIn recent years， the problem of adolescent social isolation has attracted continuous attention from foreign scholars. Based on our national conditions， we should conduct relevant screening and preventive assessment for social isolation of special youth groups， so as to conduct early management and intervention.

Humans ; Breast ; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/surgery*

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors. However, the expression and function of many LncRNAs in tumors have not been fully clarified. In this paper, 113 normal breast tissues and 1 109breast cancer tissues were analyzed in TCGT database. LncRNA AL133467. 1 was found to be lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and negatively correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. The expression of AL133467. 1 in breast cancer cells was significantly lower than that in normal breast epithelial cells. We overexpressed AL133467. 1 in relatively low-expression breast cancer cells SKBR3and BT474, and cell count and plate colony-formation experiments showed that overexpression ofAL133467. 1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells (P< 0. 01). Cell scratch and Transwell assays showed that the migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells overexpressing AL133467. 1 was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P<0. 01). MiRDB database showed that AL133467. 1 had binding sites with miR-661. miR-661 could bind the transducer of ErbB2, 2 (ErbB2, 2, TOB2). qRT-PCR showed that miR-661 was highly expressed inbreast cancer cells and positively correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients (P < 0. 001). Luciferase reporter assays showed that AL133467. 1 had specific binding to miR-661 (P < 0. 01). AL133467. 1 overexpression could inhibit the expression of miR-661 in breast cancer cells (P<0. 0001). Transfection of miR-661 mimics eliminated the inhibitory effect of overexpression of AL133467. 1 on breast cancer cells (P < 0. 001). In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of AL133467. 1 up-regulated TOB2 mRNA (P < 0. 0001) and protein levels. But whenmiR-661 mimics were transfected, TOB2 mRNA (P < 0. 0001) and protein levels were significantly inhibited. In conclusion, as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-661. AL133467. 1 promotes the expression of TOB2, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.