Coronavirus-related diseases pose a significant challenge to the global health system. Given the diversity of coronaviruses and the unpredictable nature of disease outbreaks, the traditional "one bug, one drug" paradigm struggles to address the growing number of emerging crises. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic agents with broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity. Here, we provide evidence that ATV006, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoside analog targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has broad antiviral activity against human and animal coronaviruses. Using mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) as a model, we show that ATV006 has potent prophylactic and therapeutic activity against murine coronavirus infection in vivo. Remarkably, ATV006 successfully inhibits viral replication in mice even when administered 96 h after infection. Due to its oral bioavailability and potency against multiple coronaviruses, ATV006 has the potential to become a useful antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 and other circulating and emerging coronaviruses in humans and animals.

Femoral intertrochanteric fracture is one of the common types of fractures in the elderly. With the general improvement of medical and living standards, the number of elderly people is increasing, and the problem of osteoporosis has also become relatively prominent. Therefore, low violence can usually cause fractures in this area of the elderly, which has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of elderly patients. With the further development of medical technology and internal fixation materials, the emergence of proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA) has greatly improved the treatment effect of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. However, with the increasing number of patients treated, internal fixation failures have gradually been reported. In recent years, proximal femoral biomimetic intramedullary nail(PFBN) has been reported to have good clinical efficacy. Therefore, this article mainly elaborates on the theoretical basis, design characteristics, biomechanics, and clinical efficacy research of PFBN, providing more reference for the clinical treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients in the future.

Objective:To analyze the clinical outcomes of tibial bone transport over an intramedullary nail in combination with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate for treatment of segmental bone defect.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted by enrolling 11 surgically treated patients with tibial segmental bone defect after the debridement for tibial infection or osteomyelitis who were admitted in Lower Limb Surgery Ward of Traumatic Orthopedic Department, Xi′an Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2020. The collected clinical materials and data included gender, age, injury mechanism, smoke or alcohol, comorbidities, intraoperative bleeding loss, bone defect length, resorption time of calcium sulphate, bone transport time, external fixation time, external fixation index, complications and Paley bone and functional criteria. SPSS 24.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results:Eleven patients were followed up for 8 to 31 months (average 23.2 months). All patients achieved bone healing and the infection was eradicated with no sign of recurrence. The mean length of defect was (8.1±1.6) cm, mean resorption time of calcium sulphate was (6.6±2.6) months, bone transport time was (11.4±2.8) weeks, external fixation time was (4.7±1.2) months, external fixation index was (0.58±0.07) month/cm and full weight bearing time was (6.1±1.4) months. The complication rate was 36.4% including deep vein thrombosis, delayed union of the docking site, pin tract infection and sterile draining of the wound. Paley bone evaluation results were excellent and good in 10 patients (90.9%) and functional results were excellent and good in 11 patients (100%).Conclusion:Tibial bone transport over an intramedullary nail in combination with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate is a safe, reliable and successful method for segmental bone defect and eradication of infection which reduces external fixation time and complication rate, allows patients perform weight bearing and return to daily life earlier.

Objective:To report our experience in the admission and perioperative management of 88 patients with lower extremity fracture in a mildly affected area in the epidemic of COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 88 patients with 97 lower extremity fractures who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine from 23rd January, 2020 to 22nd February, 2020. They were 43 males and 45 females, aged from 15 to 95 years (average, 65.5 years). The patients underwent screening for COVID-19 infection before admission. Their fractures were located at the femoral neck in 33 cases and at the femoral trochanter in 26. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed for 29 cases, internal fixation with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) for 25 and hip replacement for 28. The time from injury to admission, time from admission to surgery, operation time, fracture reduction, hospital stay, and perioperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs were recorded. COVID-19 infection was observed in the medical staff and patients as well.Results:All the 88 patients were COVID-19 negative in the screening before admission. The time from injury to admission averaged 4.5 days, the time from admission to surgery 3.7 days and hospital stay 6.6 days. The prostheses were all well located in the 28 patients undergoing hip replacement. The rate of functional and anatomic reduction was 94.2%(65/69) in the 69 patients undergoing internal fixation. Peri-operatively, DVT occurred in 25 cases (28.4%). High temperature was observed in 7 patients within 3 days after operation, which was diagnosed as absorption fever. No medical staff or patients were infected by COVID-19.Conclusion:In the epidemic of COVID-19, orthopedic surgeons in a medical institute in a mildly affected area can still provide effective and safe medical services for fracture patients and reduce nosocomial infection, as long as they comprehend the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for the epidemic, strictly screen the patients accordingly, stick to operative indications, protect against possible infection cautiously, and carry out the procedures in a standard manner.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of tumescent anaesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods We analyzed the data of 71 patients who underwent LC for gallbladder benign disease. Anesthesia swelling fluid was injected in 37 cases before the operation in the gallbladder triangle( group D)and another 34 cases received no injection(group C). SBP,DBP,HR and Spo2 were monitored at 4 min before gallbladder traction(T1),1 min(T2),6 min(T3)and 11 min after gallbladder traction(T4),and when the gallbladder was dissected from gallbladder bed completely(T5). The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative exhaust time,time of getting out of bed after the surgery and length of stay were recorded. The gallbladder rupture, vascular injury ,bile duct injury ,intestinal injury ,placement of drainage tube ,intra-abdominal hemorrhage , intraoperative use of atropine or ephedrine and nausea and vomiting 24 hours after the operation were recorded. Results In group C,SBP,DBP and HR were significantly decreased at T2-T4 when compared with those at T1, and were significantly lower when compared with those in group D(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in oxygen saturation between the two groups(P > 0.05). There were shorter operation time and less intraoperative blood loss in group D when compared with those in group C and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The anus exhaust time,time of getting out of bed after the surgery,length of stay,intraoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage and nausea and vomiting in the two groups indicated no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Gallbladder damage,vascular injury,placement of drainage tube and the incidence of adverse event were less in group D than those in group C. Conclusion Swelling anesthesia in LC can shorten the operation time ,induce less postoperative complications and maintain blood circulation stability.

Objective To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on expression of phosphatase PHLPP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods Rabbit aortic VSMCs were cultured.VSMCs proliferation ability was determined by measuring cell number and mitochondrial dehydrogenase (MD) activity with MTT assay.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of phosphatase PHLPP 1.Results IGF-1 (100μg/L) increased cell number and MD activity to 3.02 and 3.59 times of that in control group.oxLDL(50μg/ ml) elevated the above two parameters to 2.03 and 2.91 times respectively.Western blot showed that IGF-1 and oxLDL inhibited the expression of PHLPP 1 to 39.27% and 40.26% of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion IGF-1 and oxLDL may enhance the proliferation of VSMCs by decreasing the expression of phosphatase PHLPP1 .

Objective To investigate the technique and instrument improvement of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage. Methods A total of 42 cases of gall stones complicated with common bile duct stones entered the study. During the operation, we exposed the common bile duct before the removal of the gall bladder, opened the common bile duct by a self-made bile duct scalpel, removed the stones by open instruments laparoscopically, and performed choledochofiberscopic examinations and T-tube drainages. Results All the 42 operations were successfully accomplished without the conversion to open surgery. The operation time (exclusive of that of LC) was 80～180 min (mean, 96 min). All the patients got out of bed and received liquids within 24 hours after the surgery. The postoperative hospital stay was 5～9 days (mean, 6 days). The T-tube was removed 3 weeks after the operation in the absence of residual stones or stenosis of bile duct under T-tube choledochography. Follow-up for 6～48 months (mean, 23 months) in 38 cases found no recurrence of stones or biliary tract symptoms. Conclusions The modified laparoscopic choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage, which shortens the operation time, is an effective and safe method for the treatment of common bile duct stones.