Vein graft (VG) failure (VGF) is associated with VG intimal hyperplasia, which is characterized by abnormal accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Most neointimal VSMCs are derived from pre-existing VSMCs via a process of VSMC phenotypic transition, also known as dedifferentiation. There is increasing evidence to suggest that ginger or its bioactive ingredients may block VSMC dedifferentiation, exerting vasoprotective functions; however, the precise mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginger on VSMC phenotypic transition in VG remodeling after transplantation. Ginger significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and promoted lumen (L) opening in a 3-month VG, which was primarily achieved by reducing ferroptotic stress. Ferroptotic stress is a pro-ferroptotic state. Contractile VSMCs did not die but instead gained a proliferative capacity and switched to the secretory type, forming neointima (NI) after vein transplantation. Ginger and its two main vasoprotective ingredients (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) inhibit VSMC dedifferentiation by reducing ferroptotic stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that 6-gingerol inhibits ferroptotic stress by targeting P53, while 6-shogaol inhibits ferroptotic stress by targeting 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5), both promoting ferroptosis. Furthermore, both ingredients co-target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), decreasing PPARγ-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (Nox1) expression. Nox1 promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and directly induces VSMC dedifferentiation. In addition, Nox1 is a ferroptosis-promoting gene that encourages ferroptotic stress production, indirectly leading to VSMC dedifferentiation. Ginger, a natural multi-targeted ferroptotic stress inhibitor, finely and effectively prevents VSMC phenotypic transition and protects against venous injury remodeling.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 5 (LAMP5) and microRNA (miR)-302a-3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their functional mechanism on the invasion and metastasis of OSCC. METHODS: The expression of LAMP5 in OSCC and its sensitivity as a prognostic indicator were analyzed on the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and cell immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expression of LAMP5 in OSCC tissues and cells. The effect of LAMP5 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells was evaluated through cell counting kit-8, immunocytochemistry, migration, and invasion assays, respectively. The miRNA targeting prediction websites were used to predict the miR that regulates LAMP5 and verify the targeted regulatory effect of miR-302a-3p on LAMP5. The effect of LAMP5 knockdown on OSCC tumor growth was evaluated in a nude mouse tumorigenesis model. RESULTS: LAMP5 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. It showed high sensitivity in the early diagnosis of OSCC. LAMP5 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, whereas LAMP5 overexpression increased these cell activities. The expression of LAMP5 was regulated by miR-302a-3p. In vivo, LAMP5 knockdown significantly inhibited the growth of OSCC tumor. CONCLUSIONS LAMP5 promotes the malignant progression of OSCC by enhancing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. The expression of LAMP5 is negatively regulated by miR-302a-3p.
MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Cell Proliferation ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Movement ; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Objective To explore the risk factors for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Methods A total of 48 ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as study objects. They were divided into renal anemia group (86 cases) and non-anemia group (62 cases) based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels and diagnostic criteria for renal anemia. Clinical data between the two groups were compared. Random forest algorithm and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen for factors influencing renal anemia, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established. Cross-validation was also employed to verify the stability of the model. A risk stratification system was developed, and patients were stratified based on cut-off values obtained from X-Tile software. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the discrimination ability of the multivariate Logistic regression model and the risk stratification system. Results Among 148 ESKD patients, the incidence of renal anemia was 58.11% (86/148). Hypertension, increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), increased serum ferritin (SF), and elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were identified as risk factors for renal anemia (P < 0.05). Administration of α-calcidol, increased erythropoietin (EPO), elevated triglyceride (TG), and increased serum albumin (ALB) were protective factors (P < 0.05). The goodness-of-fit test for the multivariate Logistic regression model showed a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.593. Based on the cut-off values for risk scores obtained from X-Tile software, patients were stratified into low-risk group (< 4 points, 29 cases), medium-risk group (4 to < 7 points, 64 cases), and high-risk group (≥7 points, 55 cases), with renal anemia incidence rates of 24.14%, 57.81%, and 76.36%, respectively. The difference in renal anemia incidence rates among the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the training set, the areas under the ROC curves for the multivariate Logistic regression model and the risk stratification system were 0.826 and 0.811, respectively, and were 0.804 and 0.789, respectively in the validation set. Conclusion The occurrence of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with ESKD is influenced by various factors, including hypertension, NLR, CRP, etc.

【Objective】 To explore the safety of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal injection of sodium hyaluronate to expand the Dirichlet gap in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. 【Methods】 A total of 14 healthy male purebred beagle dogs were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 7 in either group.The control group was treated with conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, while the experimental group was treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after 2.5 mL sodium hyaluronate was injected into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound.The total operation time, prostate separation time, intraoperative blood loss and rectal status of the 2 groups were observed. 【Results】 After the injection of sodium hyaluronate into the Dirichlet gap between the prostate and the rectum, no rectal tissue was found in the prostate, and no obvious damage was found in the posterior rectum in either groups.The postoperative hemoglobin (HGB) was [(118.70±2.56) g/L vs.(122.10±2.19) g/L, P=0.02]; the total operation time was [(141.40±9.80) min vs.(119.10±9.16) min, P<0.05]; the prostate separation time was [(24.99±1.75) min vs.(16.64±2.34) min, P<0.05]; the amount of bleeding was [(47.43±4.32) mL vs.(34.86±5.18) mL, P<0.05] in the control group and experimental group. 【Conclusion】 Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed after 2.5 mL of sodium hyaluronate injection into the Dirichlet gap under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound can shorten the total operation time, the separation and resection time of the prostate, and reduce the amount of bleeding, which can improve and reduce the incidence of rectal injury, and prove the feasibility of this approach for prostatic cancer.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） is a common chronic respiratory disease， and patients with COPD often experience substantially emotional difficulties， such as anxiety and depression， all of which may cause serious detriment to the prognosis of patients. As a non-pharmacological intervention in clinical practice， group mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy （MBSR） is beginning to emerge， while has rarely been studied in COPD patients with concurrent emotional difficulties. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of group MBSR on depression， state of mindfulness and pulmonary function in stable COPD patients， so as to provide references for the application of group MBSR in patients with COPD. MethodsA total of 97 patients with stable COPD who were followed up in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Mianyang Third People's Hospital from January to October 2019 were selected as the study objects， and they were assigned into study group （n=50） and control group （n=47） by random number table method. All individuals received routine medication therapy and an 8-week health education， based on this， participants in study group partook an 8-week intervention comprising group MBSR. At the baseline， 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention， participants were assessed with Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire （FFMQ） and COPD Assessment Test （CAT）， as well as the pulmonary function testing. ResultsThere were 41 patients in study group and 42 cases in control group completed the study. The group * time interaction was interpreted as significant between two groups for SDS， FFMQ and CAT scores （F=54.858， 86.161， 69.862， P<0.01）. Baseline SDS， FFMQ and CAT scores of the two groups yielded no statistical difference between two groups （F=0.240， 0.052， 0.019， P>0.05）， while study group scored lower on SDS and CAT （F=12.900， 38.511， 7.797， 28.824， P<0.01） and higher on FFMQ （F=27.324， 82.412， P<0.01） than those of the control group after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. With the prolongation of intervention time in study group， participants demonstrated an overall reduction in SDS and CAT scores （F=109.753， 124.144， P<0.01）， and an increase in FFMQ scores （F=228.194， P<0.01）. There were no between-group differences in forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted volume （FEV1%pred） after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention （F=0.104， P=0.748） ， and the within-group changes in FEV1%pred value over the intervention period in study group was not statistical （F=0.561， P=0.458）. ConclusionGroup MBSR may help relieve depressive symptoms， enhance mindfulness level， and alleviate clinical symptoms in stable COPD patients， but has no effect on pulmonary function. ［Funded by Mianyang Health and Health Commission Scientific Research Project （number， 201916）］

【Objective】 To explore the risk factors of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). 【Methods】 The clinical symptoms, signs, imaging examinations, and laboratory test results of two patients with TRALI after blood transfusion were retrospectively analyzed, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping of the patient and HLA antibodies typing of the plasma donors were performed. 【Results】 The clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters of two patients were consistent with those of TRALI after blood transfusion. After timely clinical respiratory support treatment, all patients were improved. Blood donors produced high titers of HLA-Ⅱ antibodies after pregnancy, including antibodies that specifically recognize the patient′s HLA antigen. 【Conclusion】 Two patients developed TRALI after platelet transfusion from a female blood donor, which was caused by HLA-Ⅱ antibodies.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases. Methods Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients’ demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases’ medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic villages where the cases’ household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected. Results A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade III liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of III liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both P_adjusted values < 0.05). Conclusions There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.

The quality of Paeoniae Radix Alba and Paeoniae Radix Rubra is evaluated by root thickness, and paeoniflorin serves as a common quality indicator of them. However, the correlation between the content of bioactive compounds and the root size is still unclear. Therefore, this study characterized the distribution patterns and content of seven bioactive compounds including paeoniflorin in different tissues of Paeonia lactiflora roots, analyzed the correlation between the root size and the content of bioactive compounds based on the xylem-to-bark ratio, and further determined the index components for quality assessment. Nine samples of fresh P. lactiflora roots were collected from the genuine cultivation area. The distribution of bioactive compounds in different tissues on the cross-section of the root was firstly analyzed by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging(DESI-MSI). Subsequently, the content of bioactive compounds was determined in the xylems and barks of the roots by UPLC. The compounds with the largest difference between the xylem and the bark were selected by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The results indicated that paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, gallic acid, and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose were significantly accumulated in the xylems, while albiflorin and catechin were mainly distributed in the barks. Paeoniflorin and albiflorin, with the largest differences in the xylem and the bark, had the highest content in the two tissues. The root diameter was positively correlated with paeoniflorin content and negatively correlated with albiflorin content. As isomers with different efficacies, paeoniflorin or albiflorin can be chosen as the quality marker corresponding to specific clinical application to launch quality classification evaluation of multi-functional Chinese medicines.
Bridged-Ring Compounds ; Catechin/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Gallic Acid/analysis* ; Monoterpenes/analysis* ; Paeonia/chemistry* ; Plant Roots/chemistry* ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Malignant tumors are currently seriously endangering human health and life， which has become one of the main causes of death in China. In modern Western medicine， they are mainly tackled by surgery， chemotherapy， and radiotherapy， but the death toll continues to rise year by year. At present， most of the anti-tumor chemotherapeutics used in clinical practice have toxic and side effects， affecting the anti-tumor efficacy and the conditions after treatment. Long-term medication will also induce drug resistance， making the good anti-tumor effect difficult to be achieved. With the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has played a crucial role in the fight against tumors. It is believed in TCM that "heat toxin" is one of the important causes of tumors. Therefore， the methods of clearing away heat and removing toxin are often emphasized in the treatment of tumors， and the resulting outcomes are satisfactory. There are many Chinese herbs and Chinese herbal compounds classified into the heat-clearing and toxin-removing type. Xihuangwan， a classic heat-clearing prescription， is composed of Calculus Bovis， Moschus， Olibanum， and Myrrh and has the effects of clearing away heat， removing toxin， eliminating edema， and dissipating mass， which is mainly used to treat carbuncle， pustule， scrofula， multiple abscess， and cancer caused by heat-toxin obstruction. In modern clinical practice， it has been employed in patients with lung cancer， breast cancer， gastric cancer， liver cancer， colorectal cancer， and other malignant tumors， especially during the advanced stage， as a routine or adjuvant treatment for alleviating their clinical symptoms and improving their quality of life. The main active components of Xihuangwan are pentacyclic triterpenoids （such as masticinic acids）， volatile oils， steroids （like porcine deoxycholic acid）， and bilirubin， which have been proved effective in anti-tumor. This paper reviewed the prescription source， pharmaceutical research， clinical anti-tumor research， and pharmacological mechanisms of Xihuangwan， which has provided reference for further expanding the anti-tumor applications of Xihuangwan and enhancing its secondary development.