Objective:To construct standard strains representing the main epidemic clades of HIV-1 in China, amplify the virus strains, and establish a seed lot.Methods:Six isolates of HIV-1 virus were identified and analyzed in genotype and phenotype, according to " interpretation for the social organization of the Standard strains of pathogenic microorganism- technical specifications for establishment of HIV strains". The isolates were amplified and cultivated to generate the secondary generation primary seed lot and the third generation working seed lot as frozen storage in liquid nitrogen. Results:Six HIV-1 standard strains were obtained, of which 3 strains are CRF_ 07BC (NRPC2.4.9003, NRPC2.4.9005, NRPC2.4.9006), 1 strain is CRF_ 01AE (NRPC2.4.9001), 1 strain is CRF_ 08BC (NRPC2.4.9002), and 1 strain is URF (NRPC2.4.9004). Phenotypic detection showed that all six strains are CCR5 tropics and Non syncytia inducing virus. TCID 50 were all greater than 1 × 10 5/ml, and concentrations of p24 antigen were all higher than 2 ng/ml. A primary seed lot with no less than 20 vials per strain and a working seed lot with no less than 50 vials per strain were constructed. The standard virus strains were used in evaluating antiviral drugs PEG2kC34, PEG5kC34, LP-19, and neutralizing antibody LSEVh LS-F. Conclusions:Six standard strains of HIV-1 virus covering the three main epidemic subtypes of HIV-1 in China have been obtained, and a storage of HIV-1 standard strain was constructed. It meets the need of the preservation of HIV-1 standard strains in China and provides support for drug and vaccine evaluation.

ObjectiveTo confirm the clinical efficacy and safety of Yishen Yangxin Anshen tablets in the treatment of insomnia （heart-blood deficiency and kidney-essence insufficiency syndrome）. MethodA randomized block， double-blind， placebo-controlled， multi-center clinical trial design method was adopted， and a total of 480 patients with insomnia due to deficiency of heart blood and insufficiency of kidney essence （treatment group-control group 3∶1） from seven hospitals （Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， The First Clinical Hospital， Jilin Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of TCM， The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine， Henan Province Hospital of TCM， Hebei General Hospital， The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine） were enrolled. The treatment group was given Yishen Yangxin Anshen tablets and the control group received placebo tablets （4 tablets/time， 3 times/day， 4 weeks of administration， 4 weeks of follow-up after drug withdrawal）. The sleep dysfunction rating scale （SDRS） score， pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） score， TCM， polysomnography （PSG） indicators from four hospital （Guang'anmen Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Henan Province Hospital of TCM， Hebei General Hospital， The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine）， and other efficacy indicators were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Through general physical examination， laboratory examination， and observation of adverse events， the safety of the drugs was evaluated. ResultThe baseline indexes of the two groups showed no significant difference and thus the two groups were comparable. After treatment， the total score of SDRS in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.01）. After drug withdrawal for 4 weeks， the total score of SDRS demonstrated no significant change in the treatment group as compared with that at the end of treatment， indicating that the rebound change of curative effect was not obvious. After treatment， the total score of PSQI in the treatment group decreased as compared with that in the control group （P<0.01）， and the change of total score of PSQI in the treatment group was statistically significant （P<0.05） after drug withdrawal for 4 weeks but small， indicating that the rebound change of curative effect was not obvious. After treatment， the total effective rate about the TCM symptoms in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group （χ²=137.521，P<0.01）. After treatment， the disappearance rates of single indexes in the treatment group， such as difficulty in falling asleep， easily waking up after sleeping， early awakening， short sleep time， dreamfulness， palpitation， forgetfulness， dizziness， mental fatigue， and weakness of waist and knee， increased compared with those in the control group （P<0.01）. After treatment， the treatment group demonstrated fewer awaking times （AT）， longer total sleep time （TST）， lower ATA/TST ratio， and higher sleep efficiency （%） than the control group （P<0.05）. No abnormal value or aggravation related to drugs was observed in either group. The incidence of adverse events in the treatment group and the control group was 5.57% and 8.40% respectively. No serious adverse events or adverse events leading to withdrawal happened in either group. ConclusionYishen Yangxin Anshen tablets is effective and safe for patients with insomnia of deficiency of heart-blood and insufficiency of kidney-essence.

Objective:To establish an animal model of trichloroethylene (TCE) -induced liver cancer following chronic exposure and to understand the changes in SET expression and histone acetylation, potentially serving as a molecular mechanism for TCE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods:B6C3 mice at 6 weeks were treated with TCE at a series of doses (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) by gastric gavage, with corn oil used as the negative control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) as the positive control. The serum and liver were sampled for the determination of biochemical indexes and pathological examination after 56 weeks of chemical exposure. Western blot was used to determine the levels of SET, H2AK9ac and HDAC1 expression. Results:The overall survival rate of the mice in various groups was 90.4% (141/156) , with no statistical difference between groups ( P>0.05) . Compared with the negative control, the organ coefficient for the liver in the high dose TCE group and the positive control group were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . The levels of ALT, AST, LDH and BUN in the all the three TCE groups and the positive control were significantly higher than those in the negative control ( P<0.01) . CREA levels in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg TCE groups were significantly higher than those in the negative control ( P<0.05) . Statistical increases in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and the activities of ALT and AST in various doses of TCE-exposed mice as compared with the control were observed ( P<0.01) , in a dose-dependent manner. In the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of TCE treated mice, levels of SET and H2AK9ac were increased ( P<0.05) , while HDAC1 was decreased ( P<0.05) , Compared to the tissue adjacent to liver cancer, in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg TCE groups, the levels of SET were increased ( P<0.05) , while HDAC1 was decreased ( P<0.05) , and H2AK9ac increased in the 2000 mg/kg group. Conclusion:The hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model induced by chronic exposure to trichloroethylene was successfully established, with enhanced SET protein expression and H2AK9ac in the hepatic tissue.

Objective:To establish an animal model of trichloroethylene (TCE) -induced liver cancer following chronic exposure and to understand the changes in SET expression and histone acetylation, potentially serving as a molecular mechanism for TCE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods:B6C3 mice at 6 weeks were treated with TCE at a series of doses (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) by gastric gavage, with corn oil used as the negative control and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) as the positive control. The serum and liver were sampled for the determination of biochemical indexes and pathological examination after 56 weeks of chemical exposure. Western blot was used to determine the levels of SET, H2AK9ac and HDAC1 expression. Results:The overall survival rate of the mice in various groups was 90.4% (141/156) , with no statistical difference between groups ( P>0.05) . Compared with the negative control, the organ coefficient for the liver in the high dose TCE group and the positive control group were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . The levels of ALT, AST, LDH and BUN in the all the three TCE groups and the positive control were significantly higher than those in the negative control ( P<0.01) . CREA levels in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg TCE groups were significantly higher than those in the negative control ( P<0.05) . Statistical increases in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and the activities of ALT and AST in various doses of TCE-exposed mice as compared with the control were observed ( P<0.01) , in a dose-dependent manner. In the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of TCE treated mice, levels of SET and H2AK9ac were increased ( P<0.05) , while HDAC1 was decreased ( P<0.05) , Compared to the tissue adjacent to liver cancer, in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg TCE groups, the levels of SET were increased ( P<0.05) , while HDAC1 was decreased ( P<0.05) , and H2AK9ac increased in the 2000 mg/kg group. Conclusion:The hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model induced by chronic exposure to trichloroethylene was successfully established, with enhanced SET protein expression and H2AK9ac in the hepatic tissue.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.

Objective: To understand the incidence of stroke in the population of Jinchang Cohort and the relationship between metabolic diseases and stroke, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of stroke in the population. Methods: The epidemiological investigation data and physical examination data of the 33 042 follow-up participants in Jinchang Cohort were collected for a prospective cohort study. Restricted cubic splines functions was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between metabolic indexes and the risk of stroke incidence. Results: 1) The incidence rate of stroke in Jinchang Cohort was 1.59%, and the standardized incidence rate was 3.99%. 2) Hypertension (male HR=2.20, female HR=4.45) and dyslipidemia (male HR=1.49, female HR=1.79) were the risk factors of stroke incidence in the population and diabetes had influence on the incidence of stroke only in the males (HR=1.79), while obesity had influence only in the females (HR=1.64). The more kinds of metabolic diseases, the higher risk of stroke incidence was. 3) Systolic blood pressure had a non-linear dose-response correlation with the risk of stroke incidence, while diastolic blood pressure had a positive linear correlation with the risk of stroke incidence. Conclusions The incidence of stroke in Jinchang Cohort population was high compared with both domestic level and oversea level. The patients with metabolic diseases were the population at high-risk for stroke, and more attention should be paid to them in the prevention and treatment of stroke. Diastolic blood pressure might be more closely related to stroke.

Objective: To investigate the automatic implicit attitude and explicit stigma of mental illness, and the intervention effectiveness on the stigma of mental illness in college students. Methods: Single category implicit association test(SC-IAT) and questionnaire survey were used to study the degree of implicit and explicit mental illness stigma among 30 college students of Peking University, and investigated the effect of two strategies, education and contact.Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 with t-test and variance analysis. Results: The D values of SC-IAT in the three dimensions of cognitive evaluation, emotional response and behavioral tendency of college students were 0.29±0.37, 0.24±0.43, and 0.10±0.43.There was a statistically significant difference between the cognitive evaluation dimension, the emotional response dimension and 0(t=4.069, P<0.01; t=2.925, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the implicit stigma and the 0 in the behavioral tendency dimension(t=1.423, P=0.167). In the explicit stigma, the mercy dimension score(1.94±0.61) was lower than the median, and the difference was statistically significant(t=-12.286, P<0.01), while the scores of anger dimension(4.62±0.44) and fear dimension (4.55±0.31) were higher than the median(t=13.243, 3.200, both P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the values of implicit and external stigma among pre-intervention, education intervention and after contact(P>0.05). The correct rates of questions "Which of the following situations do you think are considered mentally unhealthy? " and "Which of the following disorders are mental illnesses" (42±13)%, (54±13)%) increased after receiving educational intervention ((49±12)%, (64±13)%), the difference was statistically significant (F=3.682, P<0.05; F=3.576, P<0.05). Conclusion College students have implicit mental illness stigma, educational and contact intervention strategies can help improve college students' understanding of relevant knowledge, and cannot improve the level of implicit stigma of college students on mental illness.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis to the workers in different occupational positions in Jinchang Cohort. Methods: In January 2014, a cohort of follow-up population in jinchang city was taken as the research object, 17843 individuals among follow-up populations in Jinchang Cohort Study, removed the individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis before 2013, and counted the new incidence individuals diagnosed by the A-Class hospital in Grade III in Jinchang City, Gansu Province, as the investigation objects to investigate the incidence rate & rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. The statistical significance was tested by chi-square test. Results: The 2-year incidence rate of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pneumoconiosis in the population of Jinchang Cohort Study were 11.60‰, 13.51‰ for male and 8.46‰ for female. the ranks of 2-year incidence rates of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumoconiosis and other phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 7.06‰、3.42‰、0.84‰、0.34‰, respectively. Incidence rate of chronic bronchitis among administrators and executive staffs were 10.45‰; incidence rate of chronic bronchitis among service staffs were 10.45‰; incidence rate of pneumoconiosis among mining staffs were 3.44‰. Conclusion The first incidence rank of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis in Jinchang cohort is chronic bronchitis, and the risk factors are smoking and occupational exposure.

Objective To study the bowel-cleansing efficacy, patient security and mucosal injury of low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid regimen. Methods Five hundred patients referred for colonoscopy were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Group A received low-volume PEG regimen, Group B received sodium phosphate (NaP) regimen for bowel preparation. Patients of the two groups drank solution 5 h before colonoscopies, serum creatinine and electrolyte were monitored at 5 h and 3 h before colonoscopies. The bowel-cleansing efficacy was rated during colonoscopy. All mucosal injuries observed during colonoscopy were biopsied and histopathologically reviewed. Results The patients of group A completed bowel preparation of 233 cases, completed colonoscopy 226 Cases, group B completed bowel preparation 238 cases, completed colonoscopy 210 cases. There was no significant difference in bowel cleansing between the groups (P > 0.05). Group A reported less incidence rate of the mucosal injuries than Group B. Group A reported better patient security than Group B at the same time. Conclusion Compared with sodium phosphate (NaP) regimen low-volume Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid regimen exhibited equivalent bowel-cleansing efficacy and less incidence rate of the mucosal injuries and better patient security.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the implementation of Quality Management Guidance of TCM Trust-agent Decocting in Medical Institutions in Shanghai. METHODS:Stratified random sampling method was adopted for the questionnaire of TCM trust-agent decocting in 13 medical and health institutions in the suburb of Shanghai. RESULTS:A total of 13 question-naires were sent out and 13 valid questionnaires were received with the effective rate of 100%. In the 13 medical and health institu-tions,12 medical and health institutions partially or fully adopted trust-agent decocting,and the trust-agent decocting in the 12 med-ical and health institutions accounted for 92.3% in all trust-agent decocting;the 12 medical and health institutions with TCM trust-agent decocting service for patients included 9 pharmaceutical factories and 3 pharmacies;label related problems (including name error,oral and topical label error and stickers unclear) and leakage were the main quality problems,accounting for 33.0%and 31.0%,respectively;83.3% of the medical and health institutions didn’t establish the file of the quality control for TCM trust-agent decocting;decocting process was the most important factor that affects the quality. CONCLUSIONS:Implementing a re-gional Quality Management Guidance of TCM Trust-agent Decocting in Medical Institutions in Shanghai and establishing a system that drug administration,industry associations and medical and health institutions are participated in have great significance to pro-mote the healthy development of TCM trust-agent decocting service and ensure patients’medication safety.