Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of active screening in improving the detection rate of carbape-nem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in the intensive care units(ICUs).Methods From July 2023 to June 2024,active screening of rectal swab CRE was conducted on ICU patients in 10 hospitals.ICU patients who underwent ac-tive screening from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study group,while those who did not undergo active screening from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the control group.Difference in CRE detection rates between the two groups of patients was compared.Results A total of 7 803 ICU patients were included in the study group,744 CRE strains were detected,with a detection rate of 9.53％,out of which 304 CRE strains were detected through routine detection(detection rate 3.90％),3 707 patients underwent active screen,440 CRE strains were detected(detection rate 11.87％).7 561 ICU patients were included in the control group,out of which 250 CRE strains were detected through routine detection,with a detection rate of 3.31％.There was a statistically significant difference in the overall detection rate of CRE between two groups of patients(x2=246.18,P＜0.001).In the study group,CRE detection rate of active screening(11.87％)was higher than that of routine detection(3.90％),with statistically significant difference(x2=264.26,P＜0.001).A total of 17 CRE strains were detected from the study group.The proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae(80.92％vs 73.41％)and Serratia marcescens(2.30％vs0.23％)in the routine detection group were both higher than in the active screening group,while the proportion of Escherichia coli in the routine detection group was lower(8.22％vs 19.55％),all with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of CRE in ICUs is relatively high,with a wide range of bac-terial species.Active screening can improve the detection rate of CRE.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of active screening in improving the detection rate of carbape-nem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in the intensive care units(ICUs).Methods From July 2023 to June 2024,active screening of rectal swab CRE was conducted on ICU patients in 10 hospitals.ICU patients who underwent ac-tive screening from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study group,while those who did not undergo active screening from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the control group.Difference in CRE detection rates between the two groups of patients was compared.Results A total of 7 803 ICU patients were included in the study group,744 CRE strains were detected,with a detection rate of 9.53％,out of which 304 CRE strains were detected through routine detection(detection rate 3.90％),3 707 patients underwent active screen,440 CRE strains were detected(detection rate 11.87％).7 561 ICU patients were included in the control group,out of which 250 CRE strains were detected through routine detection,with a detection rate of 3.31％.There was a statistically significant difference in the overall detection rate of CRE between two groups of patients(x2=246.18,P＜0.001).In the study group,CRE detection rate of active screening(11.87％)was higher than that of routine detection(3.90％),with statistically significant difference(x2=264.26,P＜0.001).A total of 17 CRE strains were detected from the study group.The proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae(80.92％vs 73.41％)and Serratia marcescens(2.30％vs0.23％)in the routine detection group were both higher than in the active screening group,while the proportion of Escherichia coli in the routine detection group was lower(8.22％vs 19.55％),all with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of CRE in ICUs is relatively high,with a wide range of bac-terial species.Active screening can improve the detection rate of CRE.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of polysaccharides from Atractylodes macrocephala koidz.(PAM)to treat severe pneumonia.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group(inoculation of Klebsiella pneumonia by tracheal puncture),positive control group(levofloxacin,18 mg/kg),PAM low-dose group(50 mg/kg)and PAM high-dose group(200 mg/kg)with 12 in each.After oc-currence of severe pneumonia,the rats were orally administered the medicine once daily for 7 day.The lung tissue underwent histopathological examination using HE staining microscopy to find the pathological alterations and evaluate the extent of injury.Wet/dry ratio of lung tissue was measured by weighing method.The leukocytes and neutrophils counts in peripheral blood were determined by hematology analyzer.The level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of proteins related to the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway in lung tissues was detected using Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the control group,lung injury score and wet/dry ratio,the number of leukocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood,the level of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and in BALF,protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p56 in lung tissues from model group were all signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.05).The lung injury of rats in each levofloxacin treatment group exhibited significant im-provement compared to the model group.Among them,the number of leukocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood of rats in PAM high-dose group decreased significantly(P＜0.05);The level of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and BALF,the protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p56 in lung tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions The administration of PAM exerts a specific protective effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in rats,potentially suppress inflammatory response through modu-lation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Escherchia albertii in Shanxi province. Methods:The chicken intestines were enriched in EC broth. The eae gene was detected by PCR, and the eae-positive EC enrichments were inoculated in MacConkey agar plate. The eae-positive lactose non-fermenting isolates were presumed as Escherchia albertii, and then analyzed by triplex-PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing and MLST. Results:Two suspected Escherchia albertiiwere isolated from 250 samples of chicken intestines. It was identified as Escherchia albertii by phenotypic, specific genes,16S rDNA sequencing, and MLST analyses . The cytolethal distending toxin B ( cdtB) showed positive by PCR,and they were clusted to Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ group by sequencing. Conclusion:This study showed that the Escherchia albertii was existed in Shanxi province, China.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Escherchia albertii in Shanxi province. Methods:The chicken intestines were enriched in EC broth. The eae gene was detected by PCR, and the eae-positive EC enrichments were inoculated in MacConkey agar plate. The eae-positive lactose non-fermenting isolates were presumed as Escherchia albertii, and then analyzed by triplex-PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing and MLST. Results:Two suspected Escherchia albertiiwere isolated from 250 samples of chicken intestines. It was identified as Escherchia albertii by phenotypic, specific genes,16S rDNA sequencing, and MLST analyses . The cytolethal distending toxin B ( cdtB) showed positive by PCR,and they were clusted to Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ group by sequencing. Conclusion:This study showed that the Escherchia albertii was existed in Shanxi province, China.

Objective: The genetic characteristics of the human adenovirus type 53 (HAdV-53) strains isolated from Taiyuan city of Shanxi Province were studied to obtain the baseline data of their molecular characteristics. Methods: Conjunctival swabs (n=79) were collected from epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) patients in Shanxi eye Hospital in 2016, and five HAdV-53 strains were obtained after virus isolation and identification based on the three major capsid genes sequences including Penton base, Hexon and Fiber gene. And the corresponding sequences of global epidemic HAdV-53 strains and the strains with the same genetic origin as HAdV-53 were also downloaded from GenBank database, and then the three gene database were established, respectively. With the database, phylogenetic tree was constructed, and the genetic and molecular evolutionary characteristics were analyzed with bioinformatics software. Results: Five HAdV-53 strains in Shanxi Province in 2016 showed high consistency with the HAdV-53 strains prevalent in other countries in 1996-2014 (>99.8%). All HAdV-53 strains were in the same evolutionary branch with their recombinant source genotypes (HAdV-37 and HAdV-8) in Penton base and Fiber gene, respectively, and maintained a high degree of consistency in gene sequences. In Hexon gene, HAdV-53 strains were more closed to its recombinant source genotype HAdV-22, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences between two types were highly homologous, while HAdV-53 and HAdV-22 belonged to different evolutionary branches, and the evolution rate of HAdV-53 based on Hexon gene was 3.51×10^-5 substitution/site/year. Conclusion HAdV-53 has become an important new ocular infectious pathogen of Taiyuan. HAdV-53 strain are relatively conservative and stable based on Penton base, Hexon, and Fiber gene.

With the increasing rates of adult syphilis infection,some reports have suggested that the syphilis infection accounted for about 1.45％ of the etiology the infantile cholestasis,syphilis infection often lead to multiple organ and system dysfunction as a cause of infant cholestasis disease,it characterized by infantile cholestasis which performanced with jaundice,itchy skin,dark yellow urine,acholic stools,etc when it involved liver,syphilis infection can also merge with mucosal syphilis,osseous syphilis,neurosyphilis.The treatment of infant cholestasis caused by syphilis infection includes early system of adequate antisyphilitics treatment,meanwhile,we should cholagogue,removing jaundice,hepatic protection,and nutritional therapy for cholestasis.In this article,we are planing to review the etiology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of the infantile cholestasis caused by syphilis infection.

Twenty cDNA differential fragments were isolated from the hippocampus of rats in epileptic state using mRNA differential display technique. Four fragments were sequenced and compared with the known sequences in the Genebank, which showed that ERG8, ERG11, ERG12had no significant identity to any known sequences; ERG14 had 64%-69% identity to microtubulin-associated protein of the rat. Because the differential expression of these genes was caused by epilepsy inducer coriaria lactone (CL) and anti-epilepsy drug MK-801 and ERG8 might be a novel candidate epilepsy gene; ERG11 and ERG12 might be novel candidate anti-epilepsy genes.Since the microtubulin-associated protein is closely associated with the collateral sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus of seizured rat, the high expression of ERG14 in the early stage of epilepsy might predict the growth of axon and formation of synapse.

Twenty cDNA differential fragments were isolated from the hippocampus of rats in epileptic state using mRNA differential display technique. Four fragments were sequenced and compared with the known sequences in the Genebank, which showed that ERG8, ERG11, ERG12had no significant identity to any known sequences; ERG14 had 64%-69% identity to microtubulin-associated protein of the rat. Because the differential expression of these genes was caused by epilepsy inducer coriaria lactone (CL) and anti-epilepsy drug MK-801 and ERG8 might be a novel candidate epilepsy gene; ERG11 and ERG12 might be novel candidate anti-epilepsy genes.Since the microtubulin-associated protein is closely associated with the collateral sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus of seizured rat, the high expression of ERG14 in the early stage of epilepsy might predict the growth of axon and formation of synapse.