Objective: To analyze resting state electroencephalography (EEG) theta/beta power ratio (TBR) and motor development characteristics in children aged 4-8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children, so as to examine the association between TBR in brain regions showing ADHD related differences and motor coordination ability. Methods: From July to September 2025, a total of 80 children aged 4-8 years were enrolled (40 in the ADHD group were recruited at Beijing Children s Hospital and 40 in the typically developing control group were recruited at a kindergarten and a primary school in Weifang). Three minute eyes open resting state EEG was collected to calculate TBR in the frontal, central, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) were used to assess motor development. Between group comparisons were performed using t-test and analysis of covariance. Pearson correlation and partial correlation analyses were used to explore the relationships between regional TBR and motor development indicators; multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictive effect of regional TBR on motor development. Results: After adjustment, TBR in the frontal, central, parietal, and temporal regions was higher in the ADHD group than in the control group (all P <0.05). After adjustment, TGMD-3 object control skill scores (32.50±1.22 ，38.65±1.06) and total scores (71.05±1.98, 80.25±1.72), as well as MABC-2 fine motor (7.02±0.22, 8.96± 0.19), coordination (7.52±0.23, 8.40±0.20), balance (7.25±0.24, 8.98±0.21), and total scores (21.79±0.51, 26.34± 0.44 ), were lower in the ADHD group than in the control group ( F =6.85, 6.48, 22.50, 5.16, 13.75, 28.60, all P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that within the ADHD group, central and parietal TBR were negatively correlated with MABC-2 total score ( r = -0.32 , -0.34, both P <0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that after controlling for sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index in children with ADHD, parietal TBR remained negatively associated with MABC-2 total score ( β =-0.21, P <0.05). Conclusion ADHD related cortical arousal characteristics in children aged 4-8 years may be associated with their motor deficits.

Abstract Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit abnormal brain structural development, neurotransmitter imbalance, and dysregulation of brain functional networks. Exercise can promote brain plasticity through multiple pathways, including promoting neurogenesis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, regulating neurotrophic factor expression, and improving cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. It can also improve attention, executive function, and behavioral performance by enhancing prefrontal functional activity, optimizing brain network connectivity, and regulating neurotransmitter systems. To elucidate the role of exercise intervention in improving brain plasticity in children with ADHD, the review summarizes the abnormal characteristics of brain plasticity in children with ADHD, the main mechanisms by which exercise promotes brain plasticity, and related empirical advances. Future research should strengthen standardized intervention studies and incorporate multimodal indicators to further verify the mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise intervention.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of sex on phenotypic stability in mouse models of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) or paclitaxel (PTX), and to explore potential mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in female mice. MethodsTwenty-eight wild-type specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were selected for synchronous back hair removal. On the 9th day after hair removal (T0), the mice were randomly divided into a wild-type female CYP group, a wild-type male CYP group, a female negative control group and a male negative control group. Mice in the CYP groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 120 mg/kg CYP, and mice in the negative control groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline. Subsequently, the phenotypic changes of the CIA model induced by CYP were continuously observed and photographed. Eleven 6-week-old SPF female C57BL/6J mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX group). Following successful surgery, these mice and five XY (Sry⁻) mice bred from Four Core Genotypes breeding stock were used to establish the chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) model using the same protocol. Serum was collected from mice in the OVX group, wild-type female CYP group, and wild-type male CYP group on T7 after CYP administration for steroid hormone analysis by mass spectrometry to evaluate the effects of gonadal estrogen and sex chromosome background changes on the stability of the CYP-induced female alopecic phenotype. Finally, twenty SPF C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks (half male and half female) were randomly divided into a PTX low-dose group and a PTX high-dose group. On the 9th day after simultaneous hair removal, PTX was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 80 mg/kg or 120 mg/kg, respectively. Mice from the PTX low-dose group and the PTX high-dose group were continuously observed and photographed to compare the intra-group consistency of the phenotypes of female and male mice. Six SPF C57BL/6J mice (half male and half female) aged 6-8 weeks were used to repeat the construction method of the PTX low-dose group, and the hair follicle histological examination was performed at T0, T4, T7, T14 and T21, respectively, to observe the damage caused by PTX to hair follicle regeneration. ResultsThe phenotypes of CYP-induced male CIA mice are stable and reproducible. There are obvious individual differences in the alopecia phenotype in the CYP-induced female CIA model mice, which may be mainly caused by the differences in the relevant estrogens in the estrous cycle. The difference between OVX+CYP group and XY (Sry⁻) +CYP group disappeared, suggesting that ovarian-derived hormones and XY (Sry⁻) sex chromosome background may be involved in the formation of phenotypic heterogeneity of CYP-induced alopecia in female mice. The mice in the high-dose PTX group and the low-dose PTX group showed a relatively consistent alopecia and regrowth process, and there was no significant sex difference. ConclusionCYP-induced CIA is strongly influenced by sex, and ovariectomy or alteration of the sex chromosome background can improve the consistency of CYP-induced alopecic phenotypes in female mice. PTX-induced CIA shows good phenotypic consistency in both female and male mice, indicating broad applicability across sexes. Taken together, the choice of animal sex in CIA model construction, mechanistic studies, and evaluation of anti-alopecia interventions should take into account the type of chemotherapeutic agent, the study objective, and the required degree of phenotypic stability. Sex should therefore be considered an important variable in model standardization and interpretation of experimental findings.

Abstract To investigate the effects of exercise on gut microbiota(GM) among children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)，the review provides an in depth summary of the three core biological pathways through which exercise modulates the GM: repairing the integrity of the intestinal barrier to inhibit lipopolysaccharide mediated neuroinflammation; optimizing key metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids, to reshape gut-brain communication; synergistically regulating the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway and vagus nerve signaling to balance neurotransmitters. These interconnected pathways not only alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort but also provide a solid biological foundation for improving the core behavioral symptoms of ASD, such as social deficits and repetitive behaviors. Future research should focus on establishing standardized exercise intervention protocols, validating the efficacy of these key biological pathways using multi omics approaches, and exploring combined intervention strategies. The results of corollary studies will provide a more robust scientific basis for precision rehabilitation of children with ASD.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends and associated factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for developing health promotion strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Macao Citizen Physical Fitness Monitoring Database for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 for participants aged 6-22 years. The χ 2 test was employed to analyze trends in detection rates, while univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results: The overweight rate among Macaos children and adolescents increased from 10.4% in 2005 to 14.8% in 2020. The obesity rate rose from 6.8% to 12.1%, with the total detection rate increasing from 17.2% to 26.9%, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2 trend =46.7, 87.5, 145.9, P <0.01). Notably, the overweight/obesity rate among boys showed rapid growth ( χ 2 trend = 118.6, P <0.01), while girls exhibited a declining inflection point in 2020. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that children and adolescents with the following characteristics faced higher risks of overweight/obesity: a physical education performance score of 3 points (overweight: OR=2.34, 95%CI =1.10-4.96; obesity: OR=2.39, 95%CI =1.19-4.81), paternal obesity (overweight: OR=2.07, 95%CI =1.38-3.11; obesity: OR=1.51, 95%CI = 1.01-2.27), and maternal obesity (overweight: OR=1.69, 95%CI =1.08-2.63; obesity: OR=1.77, 95%CI =1.16- 2.71 ) ( P <0.05). Conversely, lower risks were observed in those who performed appropriate warm-up activities before exercise (obesity: OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.15-0.95), participated in two academic/non-sports extracurricular classes (obesity: OR=0.46, 95%CI =0.24-0.88), and reported moderate physical exertion during extracurricular exercise (obesity: OR=0.60, 95%CI =0.36-0.98) ( P <0.05) . Conclusions Overweight and obesity among Macao s children and adolescents remain severe, particularly among boys, while girls show early signs of improvement. It is recommended to establish a multi-sectoral collaborative prevention and control system to reduce childhood and adolescent obesity.

Objective:To explore the value of coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)in assessing the relationship between the fat volume around coronary plaque and the abnormal coronary hemodynamics.Methods:A total of 218 hospitalized patients admitted to Cangzhou People's Hospital from June 2022 to September 2023 were selected.In these patients,108 patients without coronary heart disease(CHD)were included in the control group,and 110 CHD patients were included in the observation group.All patients underwent CCTA examination to compare the CT imaging values(FFRCT)of the fat volume around heart and blood flow reserve fraction between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was performed to analyze the efficacy of the fat volume around heart and FFRCT values in predicting coronary artery plaques.Additionally,Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between fat volume around heart and FFRCT.Results:The fat volume around heart in the observation group was(168.70±38.16)cm3,which was significantly higher than(98.75±21.19)cm3 in the control group,and the FFRCT value(0.78±0.11)of the observation group was lower than(0.89±0.10)in the control group,with statistically significant differences(t=16.688,8.041,P<0.05),respectively.In the observation group,89 patients occurred plaque,and 21 patients did not occur plaque.In the observation group,the fat volume around heart in patients with plaques was(176.63±34.15)cm3,which was significantly higher than(133.52±36.85)cm3 in patients without plaques,and the FFRCT value in patients with plaques was(0.76±0.10),which was significantly lower than(0.85±0.11)in patients without plaques,with statistically significant differences(t=4.945,3.815,P<0.05),respectively.According to Pearson's analysis,there was a negative correlation between the fat volume around heart and FFRCT value.According to Spearman's analysis,with or without plaques appeared positive correlation with the fat volume around heart in CHD patients,and they appeared negative correlation with FFRct value.According to ROC curve analysis,the area under curve(AUC)values of fat volume around heart,FFRCT,and the combination of them were respectively 0.777,0.726 and 0.930 in predicting the plaques of CHD patients.Conclusion:Hemodynamics and fat volume around heart that is measured by CCTA can predict coronary plaque,and there is a certain of relationship between coronary hemodynamics and the fat volume around coronary artery plaques,which appears negative correlation.

Objective : To detect the expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cells , and to investigate the regulation of PRMT5 on the proliferation , migration , invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells. Methods : ① The expression of PRMT5 in pathological tissues of chronic non⁃atrophic gastritis , and pregastric cancer, including chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia , and early gastric cancer was analyzed based on Bioinformatics Analysis by GEO database. Ualcan and HPA databases were employed to analyze the expression of PRMT5 in gastric cancer tissues. The expression of PRMT5 in gastric cancer cells was detected by Western blot. ② The expression of PRMT5 in gastric cancer cells was regulated by plasmid , and its efficiency was verified by Western blot and RT⁃PCR. The protein expression of PRMT5 in gastric cancer cells was analyzed via Western blot. The abilities of migration and invasion were examined by scratch assay , Transwell and BD Matrigel invasion assays. Clone formation assay and CCK⁃8 assay were used to examine the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. ③ The expression of interstitial⁃related proteins and epithelial⁃related proteins was evaluated via Western blot. Results : GEO database found that PRMT5 expression increased gradually in chronic non⁃atrophic gastritis , precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer. Ualcan andHPA databases found that PRMT5 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than that in normal gastric tissues both at the HPA databases found that PRMT5 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than that in normal gastric tissues both at the mRNA and protein levels. PRMT5 upregulation elevated the migration , invasion and proliferation of gastric cancer cells , while PRMT5 downregulation inhibited those. In addition , PRMT5 upregulation raised the expression of interstitial⁃related proteins and decreased the expression of epithelial⁃related proteins while PRMT5 downregulation was the opposite. Conclusion PRMT5 is relatively highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore , PRMT5 can enhance the migration , invasion and proliferation ability of gastric cancer cells , and promote EMT in gastric cancer.

Objective:To establish a computer-aided design and 3D printing system for precise implantation of micro implant anchorage, and accurately calibrate the position and direction of micro implant implantation.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 15 patients (30 in total) who underwent micro implant implantation surgery from the Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from November 2019 to November 2021, including 6 males and 9 females, aged (17.1±6.3)years old. The preoperative patient was photographed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the collected DICOM data format was output. A 3D scan was performed on the patient′s preoperative analysis model to obtain the STL file of the model scan. The CBCT data and model data were fitted and matched using 3Shape Implant Studio software, and the thickness of the guide plate, the amount of undercut compensation, and the size of the key component collar were designed. The 3D printer was used for printing after resizing. Using the assist method to implant micro implants, CBCT was taken postoperatively to compare the preoperative design with the postoperative results.Results:After fitting the postoperative CBCT with the designed CBCT of the micro implant, it was found that the micro implant was consistent with the preoperative design, maintained a safe distance and parallel to the adjacent tooth root, and did not damage the maxillary sinus and other areas. No detachment of the micro implant anchorage was observed 1 or 3 months after surgery. The application of assisted micro implant anchorage 3D guide plate was reliable, with accurate implantation position and direction, and can be implanted in most parts of the oral cavity.Conclusions:The use of computer-aided design and 3D printing system to create an assistive micro implant anchorage 3D guide plate can accurately locate the position and direction of the micro implant, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE To study the intervention effect of Hippophae rhamnoides oil on glucocorticoid resistance in superantigen-induced atopic dermatitis （AD） mice，and to explore the mechanism of action. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups，i.e. normal control group （group A），model group （group B），dexamethasone intervention group （positive control，group C），H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group D），dexamethasone+H. rhamnoides oil intervention group （group E），with 10 mice in each group. Except for group A，other groups were given 2，4-dinitrochlorobenzene+staphylococcal enterotoxin B to induce the AD mice model. Starting from the 7th day of the experiment，groups C，D and E were given dexamethasone （1.5 mg/kg） and/or H. rhamnoides oil （10 mL/kg） intragastrically，once a day，for 28 consecutive days. After the last medication，the pathomorphological changes of ear tissue were observed by 节作用。E-mail：57667478@qq.com HE staining； the serum levels of immunoglobulin E （IgE） and interleukin 4 （IL-4） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive cell count of glucocorticoid receptor α （GRα） and GRβ in the ear tissue of mice was detected by tyramide signal amplification. The expressions of GRα protein，GRβ protein，and protein kinase B （AKT）/ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1，S6K1 （S6K1） signaling pathway-related proteins were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS Compared with group B，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was significantly reduced in groups C，D and E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly in groups D and E （P＜ 0.05），while the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of G protein inhibitory subunit 1 （Gαi1），Gαi3，phosphorylated S6K1 （p-S6K1） and phosphorylated AKT （p-AKT） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRβ positive cells and protein expression of GRβ was decreased significantly in group E（P＜0.05）. Compared with group C，the skin inflammation in the left ear of the mice was almost clear away in group E，the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the number of GRα positive cells and GRα protein expression were increased significantly in groups D and E （P＜0.05）； the protein levels of GRβ，Gαi1，p-S6K1 and p-AKT were all decreased significantly in groups D and E（P＜0.05）； and protein level of Gαi3 was decreased significantly in group E （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS H. rhamnoides oil has an intervention effect on superantigen-induced glucocorticoid resistance of AD mice，which may be exerted by inhibition of the Gαi1/3-induced AKT/S6K1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the evolution of CT characteristics of the "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis, and to further improve the recognition of its CT signs.Methods:Clinical and CT data of 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were clinically and pathologically confirmed and accompanied with CT manifestation of "reversed halo sign" in First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from August 2013 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological and imaging contrastl analysis was performed on 1 patient undergoing surgical treatment.Results:Among 12 cases with "reversed halo sign", there were 2 cases with single lesion in unilateral lung, 2 cases with multiple lesions in unilateral lung, and 8 cases with multiple lesions in bilateral lungs. Three cases showed only "reversed halo sign", 9 cases showed both halo-like sign and uniform fireworks sign. "Tree-in-bud "sign was found in all 12 patients in the outer ring of the "reversed halo sign". Eight patients received three or more CT examinations, and six of them showed reduction of density and volume of the "reversed halo sign" after standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment. Under the natural course of the disease in two cases, the overall enlargement of the lesion was observed in 1 case, and the overall density of the lesion was reduced and the outer ring wall of the "reversed halo sign" was thinned in 1 case. The pathology of one case after surgical lobectomy showed granulomatous inflammatory nodules of varying sizes containing Langerhans nodule giant cells in the lung parenchyma. The typical caseous necrotic granulomatous nodules were rare here. The "reversed halo sign" showed dense Langerhans nodules in the outer ring, sparse central areas with fibrous hyperplasia and alveolar wall thickening.Conclusions:The outer ring of "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis shows as "tree-in-bud" sign, and its center shows as the fine reticulation pattern. After effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, both the overall density of "reversed halo sign" and the lesion size reduced. Finally, the lesions mostly present as as fine grid shadows for a long time.