OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical characteristics and cognitive dysfunction of bipolar depression and unipolar depression. METHODS: Fifty patients with unipolar depression, 48 bipolar depression, and 50 normal controls were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Life Events Scale, and The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. General demographic data, clinical data, and the scores of recognitive function in the 3 groups were compared. RESULTS: The patients with bipolar depression occured at young age and had obvious family history compared with those with unipolar depression. The patients with bipolar or unipolar disorders had lower scores in most neuropsychological tests than those in the control group (P<0.05). The patients with bipolar depression in understanding memory and Wisconsin card sorting test were worse than those with unipolar depression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There is cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar or unipolar disorder. Understanding memory and executive function damage may be cognitive features in bipolar disorder.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Bipolar Disorder ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; China ; Cognition ; physiology ; Cognition Disorders ; complications ; physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore detection method on polysomnogram of post-stroke depression and changes in rats.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control group, stroke group, and post-stroke depression (PSD) group. The establishment of PSD model generally adopted the combination of deligation bilateral common carotid artery permanently raising alone and stress exertion. And suturing electrode under the rat scalp for polysomnogram.

RESULTSThe polysomnogram could record the rats movement, electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and eye movement. The rapid eye movement (REM) latency of PSD group, and control group, stroke group were (108.2 +/- 16.1)s, (152.5 +/- 20.5)s, (145.1 +/- 18.7)s respectively. Compared with control, and stroke group, REM latency in PSD group were shortened (P < 0.01). The percentage of REM in PSD group, control group and stroke group were 5.2% +/- 1.2%, 8.3% +/- 1.4%, 7.9% +/- 1.6% respectively. Compared with control, and stroke group, REM latency in PSD group was decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe method of suturing electrode under the rat scalp is suitable for polysomnogram. The polysomnogram could be a successful sign for PSD model.

Animals ; Depressive Disorder ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stroke ; complications

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the functional neuroanatomy associated with sexual arousal visually evoked in depressed males who have underlying sexual dysfunction using Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent-based fMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (age range 21-55: mean 32.5 years), and 10 depressed subjects (age range 23-51: mean 34.4 years, mean Beck Depression Inventory score of 39.6+/-5.9, mean Hamilton Rating Scale Depression (HAMD) -17 score of 33.5+/-6.0) with sexual arousal dysfunction viewed erotic and neutral video films during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 1.5 T MR scanner (GE Signa Horizon). The fMRI data were obtained from 7 oblique planes using gradient-echo EPI (flip angle/TR/TE= 90 degrees/6000 ms/50 ms). The visual stimulation paradigm began with 60 sec of black screen, 150 sec of neutral stimulation with a documentary video film, 30 sec of black screen, 150 sec of sexual stimulation with an erotic video film followed by 30 sec of black screen. The brain activation maps and their quantification were analyzed by SPM99 program. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of brain activation between two groups during visual sexual stimulation. In depressed subjects, the level of activation during the visually evoked sexual arousal was significantly less than that of healthy volunteers, especially in the cerebrocortical areas of the hypothalamus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and inferior and superior temporal gyri. On the other hand, the cerebral activation patterns during the neutral condition in both groups showed no significant differences (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study is the first demonstration of the functional neuroanatomy of the brain associated with sexual dysfunction in depressed patients using fMRI. In order to validate our physiological neuroscience results, further studies that would include patients with other disorders and sexual dysfunction, and depressed patients without sexual dysfunction and their treatment response are needed.
Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Depressive Disorder/complications/*physiopathology ; *Erotica ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/blood ; *Photic Stimulation ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't