Dynamic navigation technology can "real-time guide" the implantologist to place the implant in the alveolar bone of the missing tooth area according to the preoperative design of the optimal site and path, making the whole implant surgery process more safe and precise. In order to further promote the standardized application of oral implant dynamic navigation technology, China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics has convened distinguished experts to engage in deliberations and develop the standard. This standard covers the basic requirements, indications and contraindications, operation procedures, common complications and treatment measures, and accuracy verification. This standard can be used as a reference for the use of dynamic navigation technology in implant surgery.
Humans ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/standards* ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/standards* ; Dental Implants ; Surgical Navigation Systems/standards*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the osteogenesis height in maxillary sinus segment one year after zygomatic implantation by imaging methods, and evaluate the influence of patient factors, maxillary sinus anatomical factors and surgical factors on postoperative osteogenesis height. METHODS: This study is a retrospective study, including patients who underwent zygomatic implantation and whose zygomatic implants passed through the maxillary sinus at the Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from July 2017 to January 2022. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam CT (CBCT)was taken to measure and calculate the average osteogenesis height (AOH) in maxillary sinus segment of the zygomatic implants, then the residual bone height, the width and morphology of the maxillary sinus floor in the buccal and palatal directions were measured. Besides, the integrity of Schneiderian membrane during implant surgery, and the general information of the patients and zygomatic implants were recorded. By comparing anatomical situations and surgical characteristics, the differences of AOH under different conditions were analyzed. Then AOH was divided into two groups (obvious osteogenesis group and non-obvious osteogenesis group) using the median as the threshold, and the influencing factors of osteogenesis were evaluated using mixed effect generalized linear model univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 47 zygomatic implants were implanted in 24 patients. During the average follow-up period of 12.1 months, there was no implant failure, and the implant survival rate was 100%. Postoperative CBCT showed that 43 zygomatic implants had osteogenic images in the maxillary sinus segment, most of which originated from the floor of the maxillary sinus, and the median AOH was 3.1 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 4.0 mm]. In terms of maxillary sinus width, there were 31 cases (66.0%) of wide type and 16 cases (34.0%) of narrow type. In the aspect of buccal and palatal morphology, 17 cases were taper (36.2%), 20 cases were round (42.6%), and 10 cases were flat (21.3%). The median of residual bone height was 2.8 mm (IQR: 2.2 mm) before operation. Univa-riate analysis of mixed effect generalized linear model showed that postoperative obvious osteogenic rate was related to the residual bone height (OR=2.09, P=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that the resi-dual bone height (OR=2.55, P=0.022) and the shape of a taper maxillary sinus (OR=11.44, P=0.040) had a significant impact on the postoperative obvious osteogenic rate. CONCLUSION The maxillary sinus floor showed osteogenic images 1 year after the zygomatic implantation surgery. Larger residual bone height and the shape of a taper maxillary sinus may be favorable factors for osteogenesis.
Humans ; Maxillary Sinus/surgery* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Retrospective Studies ; Zygoma/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Female ; Osteogenesis/physiology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Dental Implants ; Aged ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods*

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical effect of the L-shape technique combined with concentrated growth factor on the horizontal bone defects of maxillary anterior teeth. METHODS: Twenty-five implants from 25 patients who underwent single maxillary anterior tooth implantation with simultaneous bone grafting were selected as the study subjects. Based on the bone grafting techniques, the patients were divided into a test group (L-shaped technique with guided bone regeneration combined with concentrated growth factor, 11 cases) and a control group (traditional guided bone regeneration combined with concentrated growth factor, 14 cases). The early discomfort and wound healing conditions in the two groups at two weeks after surgery were compared. The horizontal bone thickness, vertical bone thickness, and grayscale values in the augmentation area were measured immediately postsurgery and six months after surgery. Implant stability, hard tissue resorption within six months, and grayscale values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Differences in early discomfort, wound healing, implant stability, and grayscale values between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Vertical bone thickness in the test group was significantly better than that in the control group at six months after surgery (P<0.05). The variation in horizontal bone thickness in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of the L-shape technique with concentrated growth factor for horizontal bone defects in the anterior maxillary area yielded satisfactory short-term results in terms of bone augmentation, early discomfort, wound healing, and implant stability at six months after surgery.
Humans ; Maxilla/diagnostic imaging* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use* ; Wound Healing ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Bone Regeneration ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Middle Aged

In the realm of oral implantology, currently, there is no unanimous consensus or authoritative guideline regarding how to conduct implant restoration for cases involving oroantral communication or oroantral fistula. In these cases, the bony plate of the maxillary sinus floor is discontinuous, the oro-sinus mucosa is in communication, and a vertical alveolar bone defect exists. This paper presents a case of a patient with two oroantral communications who successfully underwent implant restoration via simple staged surgeries. Following a 2-year clinical follow-up, the implant remains in good condition, and the patient expresses satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to offer a simple, safe, and readily-promotable new approach for such cases.
Humans ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Dental Implants ; Maxillary Sinus/surgery* ; Oroantral Fistula/surgery*

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the short- to medium-term clinical efficacy of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) particles applied during the immediate implantation of alveolar bone defects in the posterior region. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with 110 simple taper retentive implants were included in the conducted study and divided into Groups A and B in accordance with the bone grafting materials. Cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiographs were taken immediately after implant surgery, immediate crown repair, and final follow-up time. The average follow-up time for Groups A and B was recorded. The primary observed clinical indicators were overall survival rate of the implant, bone resorption of the mesial and distal margins of the implant, buccal bone width resorption at the platform level and 1 mm below the platform, and bone height of the implant. Implant complication was a secondary observed clinical indicator. RESULTS: During the 1-to-5-year follow-up observation period, the mean follow-up of Group A was 38.2 months while that of Group B was 39.9 months. In Group A, two implants failed, one of which fractured, and implant overall survival rate was 96.4%. Four implants failed in Group B due to peri-implantitis, and implant overall survival rate was 92.6%. No statistically significant difference in implant overall survival rate was found between the two groups (P>0.05). In Group A, the average bone resorption in the mesial and distal margins of the implants was (1.011±2.047) mm and (0.841±2.183) mm, respectively. In Group B, the average bone resorption of the mesial and distal margins of the implants was (1.546±1.778) mm and (1.431±1.909) mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups (P>0.05). In Group A, buccal bone width resorption at the platform level and 1 mm below the platform of the implant was (0.782±2.084) mm and (0.681±2.307) mm, respectively. In Group B, buccal bone width resorption at the platform level and 1 mm below the platform of implant was (1.071±1.474) mm and (0.949±1.909) mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). In Group A, the buccal bone height of resorption of the implant was (1.044±2.214) mm. In Group B, the buccal bone height of resorption of the implant was (1.075±1.456) mm. No statistically significant difference in bone height was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the 1-to-5-year follow-up observation period, DDM particles can effectively increase the height and width of alveolar bone, and they can achieve the same effect of maintaining alveolar bone contour and bone augmentation compared with deproteinized inorganic calf bone. DDM particles can be used as a potential new bone grafting material for the treatment of bone defects in clinical practice.
Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Dentin ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Implants ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Alveolar Bone Loss/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading

Immediate implant-supported fixed restoration in edentulous jaws demonstrates a success rate comparable to that of conventional implant restoration. However, this approach still presents a certain degree of technique sensitivity. In the field of immediate implant-supported fixed restoration in dentistry, a repeatable and stable jaw relation is the prerequisite for the design and fabrication of prostheses. It also reduces chairside denture placement and occlusal adjustment time and lowers the risk of occlusion-related complications. For patients with terminal dentition, the precise transfer of jaw relation following full-arch implantation serves as the fundamental basis for implant-supported occlusal reconstruction and functional restoration. This process is also a key research focus and challenge in the area of implant-supported occlusal rehabilitation. This review summarizes the procedures and methods for determining and transferring jaw relation in immediate implant-supported fixed restoration. It aims to serve as a basis for clinical decision making in implant-supported fixed restorations for terminal dentition patients.
Humans ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading ; Jaw, Edentulous/surgery*

Jaw defects caused by various reasons often seriously affect appearance and function. The goal of the treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors should include the cure of the tumor and the restoration of premorbid function. The development of microsurgery and digital surgery technology has promoted the development of jaw reconstruction with vascularized free bone flap. Good appearance and improved predictability could be obtained with the help of preope-rative visual design. How to rehabilitate occlusal function on the reconstructed jaw and improve the quality of life of patients has become an important research direction. This article discusses the challenge of jaw reconstruction, the selection of vascularized bone flap, the choice of implant timing, the treatment of peri-implant soft tissue, and the influence of radiotherapy on implants after jaw reconstruction.
Humans ; Dental Implants ; Plastic Surgery Procedures ; Free Tissue Flaps/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Fibula/surgery* ; Bone Transplantation ; Mandibular Reconstruction

When selecting implant guidance methods or judging whether the patient can be implanted, many doctors ignore or only use visual inspection to estimate a patient's mouth opening. This phenomenon often leads to failure to complete the implantation due to insufficient mouth opening or the deflection of the implant due to limited angle, resulting in the high incidence of corresponding complications. The main reason is that doctors lack accurate analysis and control of the overall geometric conditions of the intraoral surgical area, and three-dimensional position blocking of surgical instruments occurs during the operation. In the past, mouth opening was defined as the distance between the incisor edges of the upper and lower central incisors when the patient opens his mouth widely, and the implant area could be in any missing tooth position. When it is in the posterior tooth area, the specific measurement scheme of the mouth opening could not be simply equivalent to the previous measurement method in the anterior tooth area. However, how to measure quickly and conveniently the mouth opening of any surgical area to determine whether it could be implanted and meet the needs of the selected guidance method remains unclear. This paper introduces new concepts, establishes new classification and corresponding accurate measurement scheme of implant area, and establishes a decision tree of implant methods guided by the actually measured value. Results provide a quantitative basis for rational formulation and implementation of implant treatment.
Humans ; Mouth ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Incisor ; Clinical Decision-Making ; Dental Implants

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of simple taper retentive implants in the posterior dental area after immediate implantation for 5-7 years. METHODS: Selected from January 2015 to December 2017 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University dental clinic line tooth area immediately after the implant prosthesis, a total of 38 patients, 53 implants, were deep into (bone under 2 mm or higher) and the upper structure was repaired. In addition, after the completion of tracking observation of 60-90 months, the implant surrounding bone health was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: After 5-7 years of follow-up, 1 of the 53 implants failed to fall out, and the implant retention rate was 98.1%. The amount of bone resorption in the proximal and distal margins 5-7 years after implant restoration was (0.16±0.94) mm and (-0.01±1.29) mm, respectively, and the difference in bone height between the proximal and distal margins of the implant and the immediate post-restoration period was not statistically significant (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the effects of periodontitis, implant site inflammation, and smoking on peri-implant marginal bone resorption (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The single taper-retained implant broadens the indications for immediate implant placement in the posterior region, and its deep sub-osseous placement (≥2 mm below the bone) avoids to a certain extent the disturbance of the implant by external stimuli and the exposure of the cervical abutment of the implant, with the good long-term stability of the marginal bone around the implant.
Humans ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Immediate Dental Implant Loading ; Follow-Up Studies ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Alveolar Bone Loss/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration Failure

Using digital technologies in concurrently performing missing tooth implantation and preparation of remaining teeth is a solution to reduce the number of visits and improve efficiency. This paper proposes a digital process for simultaneously implanting and preparing teeth. It integrates implant surgical guide and 3D-printed tooth preparation guide into a single guide and completes guided implant placement and precise tooth preparation. Based on "repair-oriented" virtual implant planning, the implant surgical guide can improve the efficiency and predictability of implant placement, and its linear accuracy is about 1 mm. The tooth preparation guide precisely guides tooth preparation and restoration space visualization, ensuring the quality of the tooth preparation. The two guides have different design accuracy requirements, and thus their combination improves the overall guiding accuracy requirements. The concurrent application of the two guides minimizes the clinical operation time, number of visits, and economic burden of patients.
Humans ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Technology ; Tooth Preparation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Dental Implants ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography