OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the differences in shear bond strength, marginal adaptation, and nano-microleakage after aging among snowplow, layered filling, and lining techniques applied to the resin-bonded restoration of defective primary teeth. METHODS: In this study, 51 freshly extracted, crown-intact primary anterior teeth and 30 primary molars were collected. The experimental groups were as follows: layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group. Experiments were performed to compare the differences in shear bond strength, marginal integrity, and silver ion nano-microleakage after aging among these groups. RESULTS: The median shear bond strength of the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 2.45, 5.72, and 9.43 MPa, respectively. The values for lining group and snowplow group were significantly higher than that for layered filling group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between lining group and snowplow group (P>0.05). The median overall margin integrity of the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 55.38%, 48.25%, and 65.63%, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The median percentages of silver ion nano-microleakage in the layered filling group, lining group, and snowplow group were 11.71%, 9.47%, and 11.55%, respectively. The difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Applying the snowplow technique to restore defective primary teeth can improve the bond strength and margin integrity and reduce nano-microleakage.
Tooth, Deciduous ; Humans ; Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods* ; Dental Leakage ; Shear Strength ; Dental Bonding/methods* ; Molar ; Composite Resins ; Silver

The available methods for veneer evaluation are limited to clinical and radiographic examinations, which may not allow the appropriate identification of failure. In this report, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive diagnostic and follow-up method to evaluate gingival recovery and the adhesive interface in aesthetic oral rehabilitation involving periodontal plastic surgery and ceramic laminate veneers. OCT was efficient for evaluating both soft and hard tissues, as well as the quality of the adhesive interface. In conclusion, OCT was found to be a promising approach for the professional evaluation of aesthetic oral rehabilitation, as it was capable of generating images that enabled the analysis of gingival recovery and the adhesive interface.
Adhesives ; Ceramics ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Veneers ; Esthetics, Dental ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gingivectomy ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Surgery, Plastic ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: The object of the present study was to evaluate the shear bonding strength of composite to PEKK by applying several methods of surface treatment associated with various bonding materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty PEKK specimens were assigned randomly to fifteen groups (n = 10) with the combination of three different surface treatments (95% sulfuric acid etching, airborne abrasion with 50 µm alumina, and airborne abrasion with 110 µm silica-coating alumina) and five different bonding materials (Luxatemp Glaze & Bond, Visio.link, All-Bond Universal, Single Bond Universal, and Monobond Plus with Heliobond). After surface treatment, surface roughness and contact angles were examined. Topography modifications after surface treatment were assessed with scanning electron microscopy. Resin composite was mounted on each specimen and then subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test. SBS data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey's test (P<.05). RESULTS: Regardless of bonding materials, mechanical surface treatment groups yielded significantly higher shear bonding strength values than chemical surface treatment groups. Unlike other adhesives, MDP and silane containing self-etching universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) showed an effective shear bonding strength regardless of surface treatment method. CONCLUSION: Mechanical surface treatment behaves better in terms of PEKK bonding. In addition, self-etching universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) can be an alternative bonding material to PEKK irrespective of surface treatment method.
Adhesives ; Aluminum Oxide ; Dental Bonding ; Methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymers* ; Sulfur

OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts.

METHODSHA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts.

RESULTSHA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were successfully prepared. Their contact angle was almost zero. These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts.

CONCLUSIONThe composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium.

Cell Proliferation ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Dental Bonding ; methods ; Durapatite ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts ; physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; chemistry ; Transforming Growth Factors ; X-Ray Diffraction

The bonding restoration has become an important clinical technique for the development of dental bonding technology. Because of its easy operation and the maximum preservation of tooth tissues, bonding repair is widely used in dental restoration. The recent multi-mode universal adhesives have brought new progress in dental bonding restoration. In this article the universal adhesives were reviewed according to its definition, development, improvement, application features and possible problems.
Adhesives ; administration & dosage ; Dental Bonding ; methods ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Technology, Dental

In this study, we evaluate the influence of post surface pre-treatments on the bond strength of four different cements to glass fiber posts. Eighty extracted human maxillary central incisors and canines were endodontically treated and standardized post spaces were prepared. Four post pre-treatments were tested: (i) no pre-treatment (NS, control), (ii) sandblasting (SA), (iii) silanization (SI) and (iv) sandblasting followed by silanization (SS). Per pre-treatment, four dual-cure resin cements were used for luting posts: DMG LUXACORE Smartmix Dual, Multilink Automix, RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0. All the specimens were subjected to micro push-out test. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests were performed (α=0.05) to analyze the data. Bond strength was significantly affected by the type of resin cement, and bond strengths of RelyX Unicem and Panavia F2.0 to the fiber posts were significantly higher than the other cement groups. Sandblasting significantly increased the bond strength of DMG group to the fiber posts.
Aluminum Oxide ; chemistry ; Composite Resins ; chemistry ; Curing Lights, Dental ; classification ; Cuspid ; pathology ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Etching ; methods ; Dental Materials ; chemistry ; Dental Stress Analysis ; instrumentation ; Glass ; chemistry ; Humans ; Incisor ; pathology ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polymerization ; Post and Core Technique ; instrumentation ; Resin Cements ; chemistry ; Root Canal Preparation ; methods ; Self-Curing of Dental Resins ; methods ; Silanes ; chemistry ; Stress, Mechanical ; Surface Properties ; Tooth, Nonvital ; therapy

This study examined the adhesive strength of two self-adhesive methacrylate resin-based sealers (MetaSEAL and RealSeal SE) to root dentin and compared them with RealSeal and AH Plus in properties. A total of 48 extracted human single-rooted teeth were used to prepare the 0.9-mm thick longitudinal tooth slice (each per tooth). Standardized simulated canal spaces of uniform dimensions were prepared in the middle of radicular dentin. After treated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA, tooth slices were allocated randomly to four groups (n=12) in terms of different sealers used: MetaSEAL, RealSeal SE, RealSeal, and AH plus groups. The simulated canal spaces were obturated with different sealers in each group. There were 10 slabs with 20 simulated canal spaces (n=20) used in each group for push-out testing. The failure modes and the ultrastructures of fractured sealer-dentin interfaces were examined. The remaining 2 slabs in each group underwent partial demineralization for observation of the ultrastructure of resin tags. The results showed that the push-out bond strength was 12.01±4.66 MPa in MetaSEAL group, significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). Moreover, no statistically significant differences were noted in the push-out bond strength between RealSeal SE (5.43±3.68 MPa) and AH Plus (7.34±2.83 MPa) groups and between RealSeal SE and RealSeal (2.93±1.76 MPa) groups (P>0.05). Mixed failures were predominant in the fractured sealer-dentin interfaces in MetaSEAL and AH Plus groups, while adhesive failures were frequently seen in RealSeal SE and RealSeal groups. In conclusion, after complete removal of the smear layer, MetaSEAL showed superior bond ability to root dentin. The RealSeal SE is applicable in clinical practice, with its adhesive strength similar to that of AH Plus. The self-adhesive methacrylate resin-based sealer holds promise for use in endodontic treatment.
Adhesives ; standards ; Composite Resins ; standards ; Compressive Strength ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; ultrastructure ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; standards ; Epoxy Resins ; standards ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Methacrylates ; standards ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; standards ; Root Canal Preparation ; Tooth Root

The multi-piece post-crown technique is more effective in restoring residual root than other restoration techniques. Various types of adhesives have different material properties that affect restoration. Therefore, the choice of adhesive is particularly important for patients. However, the effect of different kinds of adhesives was not too precise by experimental methods when concerning about individual differences of teeth. One tooth root can only be restored with one type of adhesive in experiment. After the mechanical test, this tooth root cannot be restored with other adhesives. With the help of medical imaging technology, reverse engineering and finite element analysis, a molar model can be reconstructed precisely and restored using different types of adhesives. The same occlusal and chewing loads were exerted on the same restored residual root models with different types of adhesives separately. Results of von Mises stress analysis showed that the adhesives with low Young's modulus can protect the root canal effectively. However, a root canal concentration is apparently produced around the root canal orifice when chewing. Adhesives with large Young's modulus can buffer the stress concentration of the root canal orifice. However, the root canal tissue may be destroyed because the adhesive is too hard to buffer the load.
Crowns ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Elastic Modulus ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Post and Core Technique ; Tooth, Nonvital

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether multiple coatings can improve the bond durability of one-step self-etching adhesive to primary dentin.

METHODSTwelve caries-free human primary molars were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group 1, each tooth was hemisected into 2 halves. One half was assigned to the control subgroup 1, which was bonded with a commercially available one-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions; the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 1, in which the adhesive was applied three times before light curing. In group 2, one split half tooth was bonded with a commercially available one-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions; for the other half, three layers of adhesive were applied with each successive layer of light curing. Specimens were stored in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.02% sodium azide at 37℃ for 18 months and then were subjected to microtensile bond strength test and the fracture mode analysis.

RESULTSWhen the adhesive was applied three times before light curing, the bond strength of the experimental subgroup 1 was significantly higher than that of the control subgroup 1 (47.46∓13.91 vs. 38.12∓11.21 MPa, P<0.05). When using the technique of applying multiple layers of adhesive with each successive layer of light curing, no difference was observed in bond strength between the control subgroup and the experimental subgroup (39.40±8.87 vs. 40.87±9.33 MPa, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONMultiple coatings can improve the bond durability of one-step self-etching adhesive to primary dentin when using the technique of light-curing after applying 3 layers of adhesive.

Acid Etching, Dental ; methods ; Adhesiveness ; Child ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dental Cements ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dental Prosthesis ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Dentin ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; pharmacology ; Electroplating ; methods ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Tensile Strength ; drug effects

The present investigation assessed the effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of white- and gray-colored mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to apical dentin using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sixty-four extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. Following root-end resection and apical preparation, the teeth were equally divided into four groups according to the following root end filling materials: (i) white-colored MTA (WMTA), (ii) etched WMTA (EWMTA), (iii) gray-colored MTA (GMTA) and (iv) etched GMTA (EGMTA). After 48 h, the interface between root-end filling materials and the dentinal walls was assessed using micro-CT and SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Micro-CT analysis revealed gap volumes between the apical cavity dentin walls and EGMTA, GMTA, EWMTA and WMTA of (0.007 1±0.004) mm(3), (0.053±0.002) mm(3), (0.003 6±0.001) mm(3) and (0.005 9±0.002) mm(3) respectively. SEM analysis revealed gap sizes for EGMTA, WMTA, EWMTA and GMTA to be (492.3±13.8) µm, (594.5±17.12) µm, (543.1±15.33) µm and (910.7±26.2) µm respectively. A significant difference in gap size between root end preparations filled with GMTA and EGMTA was found (P<0.05). No significance difference in gap size between WMTA and EWMTA were found in either SEM or micro-CT analysis. In conclusion, pre-etching of apical dentin can provide a better seal for GMTA but not for WMTA.
Acid Etching, Dental ; methods ; Aluminum Compounds ; chemistry ; Apicoectomy ; methods ; Calcium Compounds ; chemistry ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Marginal Adaptation ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; ultrastructure ; Dentin ; ultrastructure ; Drug Combinations ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oxides ; chemistry ; Retrograde Obturation ; methods ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; chemistry ; Root Canal Preparation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Silicates ; chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Time Factors ; Tooth Apex ; ultrastructure ; X-Ray Microtomography