OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate factors influencing dental arch development in patients aged 0-6 years with cleft palate after Sommerlad-Furlow (SF) palatoplasty. METHODS: A total of 183 patients who underwent primary SF repair for cleft lip and palate before 18 months of age were included. Follow-ups were conducted at different ages, and digital dental casts of the maxillary dental arch were obtained using 3-matic Research 12.0 software. The length and width of the dental arch and palate were measured to explore developmental changes in the maxillary dental arch of the patients after the procedure. The study also investigated the influence of gender, age, cleft palate type, and relaxation incision on maxillary dental arch development. RESULTS: After SF, maxillary dental arch measurements showed statistically significant differences between children aged 0-2 years and those aged 3-6 years (P<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed among different age groups within the 3-6 years range. Statistically significant differences were detected between males and females, with males having greater width of the posterior dental arch and palate (P=0.001) and shorter length of the anterior dental arch and entire dental arch (P<0.05). The unilateral cleft lip and palate group had shorter dental arch length (P<0.01) and wider posterior palate (P<0.01) than the cleft palate only group. Maxillary dental arch measurements had no statistically significant differences between groups with or without a relaxing incision. CONCLUSIONS Gender and age influence the width of the maxillary dental arch in children aged 0-6 years after SF, while age and cleft palate type affect dental arch length.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Cleft Palate/surgery* ; Female ; Child ; Infant ; Dental Arch/growth & development* ; Maxilla/growth & development* ; Cleft Lip/surgery* ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Palate/surgery* ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the eruption pattern and root resorption of the bovine anterior dentition in relation to growth-related parameters based on dental maturity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 bovine anterior mandibles by using standard radiography, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and actual measurements. We determined the relationships between the stages of dental maturity by using a modification of Demirjian's method and various growth-related parameters, such as the activity of the root-resorbing tissue and mobility of the deciduous teeth. The correlation of growth-related parameters with interdental spacing and distal unusual root resorption (DRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was assessed. The cause of mesial unusual root resorption (MRR) of the deciduous fourth incisor was determined on the basis of the arrangement of the permanent third incisor. RESULTS: An independent t-test and chi-square test indicated significant differences in growth-related parameters associated with dental arch length discrepancy and factors related to the shedding of deciduous teeth between the low and high dental maturity groups. The samples with interdental spacing and DRR showed a larger sum of mesiodistal permanent crown widths and higher dental maturity than did the respective controls. Samples with MRR tended to show a lingually rotated distal tip of the adjacent tooth crown. CONCLUSIONS: Dental maturity has relevance to the interdental spaces and unusual root resorption of mixed dentition. The position of the adjacent tooth crown on CBCT may be correlated with the occurrence of unusual root resorption of the incisor.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Crowns ; Dental Arch ; Dentition ; Dentition, Mixed ; Growth and Development ; Incisor* ; Mandible ; Methods ; Radiography ; Root Resorption* ; Tooth Crown ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSA total of 112 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups: the mucoperiosteal denudation group, the mucosal flap excision group, and the periosteum excision group. In the experimental groups, bilateral mucoperiosteal, mucosal flap and periosteum were excised respectively in the lateral one half of the palate. Four rats in each group were randomly chosen for sacrifice every two weeks. The maxilla was dissected following the excision. The widths of the maxilla and dental arch were measured and the histological phenomena were investigated at different phases. At the same time, 12 animals in each group were sequentially injected with calcein every two weeks. Three animals in each group, whose fluorescent labeling was used, were sacrificed for investigating bone formation at Week 8 following injection.

RESULTS(1) Each experimental group presented the constriction of the maxilla and dental arch. The upper first molars in the experimental groups inclined medially. The mucoperiosteal denudation group showed the largest degree of effect followed by the periosteum excision group. The indices of the mucosal flap excision group, which retained the structures of the periosteum layer, had the most approximate values to the control group; (2) Different histological changes among the experimental groups were detected. The fibers penetrated into the palatal bone as Sharpey's fibers in the mucoperiosteal denudation group. The pattern of bone deposition was the bundle type. Sharpey's fibers were not found in the mucosal flap and periosteum excision groups and the depositions of palatal bone were the lamellar type as those in the control group; (3) The rates of bone deposition in the experimental groups decreased compared with the control group. The rates in different phases were the most approximate values to those of the control group in the mucosal flap excision group, which has the same structure of periosteum as the control group.

CONCLUSIONThere were different effects on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch in different types of palatal lateral excisions. Periosteum is important for bone formation and deposition pattern. The prevention of Sharpey's fibers forming and attaching to the palatine can effectively avert the following malformation.

Animals ; Dental Arch ; growth & development ; Male ; Maxilla ; growth & development ; Palate ; surgery ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of available spaces of posterior arch segments in mandibular dentition from 13 to 18 years of age, which would provide information for space analysis of whole dental arch in adolescents.

METHODSTwenty-six adolescents (12 males, 14 females) with normal occlusion were selected. All of the subjects had lateral cephalograms taken at the same time each year for 6 years. Longitudinal cephalometry and statistic analysis were conducted for all subjects.

RESULTSSignificant differences of available space were found between males and females. The growth of available space from 13 to 18 years of age was 5.12 mm in females and 5.79 mm in males. The completion of mandibular remodeling in males lagged behind females for about 1 year. No significant increase was found in girls beyond 16 years and in boys beyond 17 years. There was a 1.22 mm increase on each side per year in females until 16 years and a 1.45 mm increase in males until 17 years. The increase of available space was made partly by resorption of bone from the anterior border of the ramus and partly by mesial movement of the first molar. The mesial movement of dental arch was probably stimulated by the eruption of the third molars.

CONCLUSIONSThe prediction of available space should be based on age and sex.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Cephalometry ; Dental Arch ; growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mandible ; growth & development ; Molar, Third ; growth & development ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Sex Factors ; Tooth Eruption ; Tooth Migration

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Arch ; anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive ; instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

Occlusal-maxillo-facial structural change of crossbite malocclusion after orthodontic therapy by modified ACTIVATOR appliance was investigated. Eighty crossbite cases of deciduous dentition and mixed dentition were treated by modified ACTIVATOR. Through pre- and post-treatment analysis of stone model, Schuller's position X-ray and craniofaciometrics, the change in craniofacial length, width and height in early-phase crossbite malocclusion was studied. The results showed that there was no significant change in the width of maxillary and mandibular dental arch. Maxillary length and protrusion was increased significantly, upper incisors slopped labially. The lower incisors slopped lingually, mental angle decreased more severely. The lower and posterior facial height was increased to normal level.
Cephalometry ; Dental Arch/anatomy & histology ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dentition, Mixed ; Malocclusion/*therapy ; Maxilla/*anatomy & histology ; Maxilla/growth & development ; *Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Orthodontics, Corrective/*instrumentation ; Orthodontics, Interceptive/instrumentation ; Tooth, Deciduous

Study on growth change of dental arch is considered to both an important data in orthodontic diagonsis and treatment planning as well as analysis of treatment results ; also, arch form is important in anthropology and dentistry, even more so in prosthodontics and orthodontics. In the field of orthodontics, studies on the functional aspect of upper and lower teeth and maintenance of stability of dentition and occlusion were carried out from the early days. Some of the early studies include explanation of growth change in dental arch from measuring directly four human skull, and afterwards, cephalometcics x-rays were introduced; accordingly, studies using cephalometr c measurement and linear measurements of study models were often performed. By this method, arch width, arch depth and perimeters were measured, and growth change of dental arch was studied. The subject for this study were 600 children( boys and girls) of ages from 3 years to 12 years from Kang-won district and Seoul, who has no history of orthodontic treatment and who show healthy status and normal growth and development. Cephalometric x-ray, panoramic x-ray, and study model were taken for each subject consecutively for 2 years, and the subjects are still followed up. 400 pairs of study models from the past two years were used in this study,: mesio-distal diameater of each tooth, intercanine width, intermolar width, canine depth, molar depth and arch perimeters were measured. Afterwards, mean value and each standard deviation of each age group and each gender were obtained, and representation graph were drawn. The following conclusion were obtained. 1. Intercanine width showed gradual increase until the age of 10-years and after that, showed no increase. 2. Intermolar width in upper arch showed gradual increase = intermolar width in lower arch showed no significant chang, and after the age of 9-years, showed increase. 3. Gainine arch depth showed relatively rapid increase after the age of 6-years, and this pattern was more obvious in lower arch. 4. Molar arch depth increased gradually in both archs and it decrease after the age of 10-years : this phenomenon was more prominent in the lower arch. 5. Arch perimeter showed gradual inerease and convert to plateau at the age of 10-years, after that it decreased. this pattern was more prominent in lower arch.
Anthropology ; Dental Arch ; Dentistry ; Dentition ; Gangwon-do ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Molar ; Orthodontics ; Prosthodontics ; Seoul ; Skull ; Tooth

Craniofacial region is a musculodentoskeletal system that consists of many anatomical structures ; cranioskeletal structures, dental arches, and formation and functions of masticatory muscles have close correlations. Growth and development of craniofacial region are influenced by not only hereditory factors, but also environmental factors such as craniofacial muscles and surrounding tissues. On the contrary, however, study on changes in functions or adaptations of craniofacial muscles following changes of craniofacial skeletal structures has been somewhat insufficient. The author's purpose was to observe correlations between masticatory muscular functions and change patterns according to cranial skeletal structures and occlusion patterns ; for this, comparative study of muscle activity changes of preand post- orthognathic surgery states in skeletal Cl III malocclusion patients was performed. The selected sample groups were 15 normal male patients, 15 skeletal CI Ill pre-orthognatic surgery patients and 15 skeletal CI Ill post-orthognatic surgery patients. For each sample groups, cephalometric x-ray taking, masticatory efficiency test and measurements of muscle activities in anterior temporal muscle, masseter and upper lip in rest, clenching, chewing and swallowing were carried out. The following results were obtained: 1. In resting state of mandible, pre-surgery malocclusion group showed higher m activities in ant. temporalis, masseter and upper lip than post-surgery group. Post-surg, malocc. group showed significantly high m. activity only in upper lip compared to the normal group. 2. In clenching state, post-surg. malocc. group showed higher m. activities in ant. temporalis, masseter and upper lip than pre-surg. malocc. group. 3. In chewing state, post-surg. malocc. group showed higher m. activities in ant. temporalis and masseter than pre-surg, malocc. group ; on the other hand, decreased upper lip activity was noticed. 4. In swallowing state, post-surg, malocc. group showed lower upper lip activity than pre-surg. malocc. group but higher than that of the normal group. No significant difference in m. activities of ant. temporalis and masseter was noticed among the three groups. 5. Masticatory efficiency was lower in pre-surg, malocc. group than normal group; masticatory efficiency showed an increase in post-surg. malocc. group compared to the pre-surg. malocc. group. However, both groups showed significant differences compared to the normal group.
Ants ; Deglutition ; Dental Arch ; Growth and Development ; Hand ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Masticatory Muscles ; Muscles ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Temporal Muscle

The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and development of tooth germ and dental arch related to the bone growth during the fetal period. From 70 maxillae and 61 mandibles of the fetus aged 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 months, X-ray films were taken and measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was remarkable bone growth in the anterior and posterior area of palatum osseum, that were the interior portion of both deciduous canines anteriorly and the intero-posterior portion of both deciduous second molars posteriorly, where there was active bone growth and radiate formation of bony trabecylae was found. 2. The Growth of anterior tooth germ was greater than that of posterior germ, so anterior tooth germs were crowded. Especially in maxilla, the tooth germa of deciduous lateral incisors were located inside of dental arch and the tooth gerka of decoduous canines were located outside of dental arch. 3. Crowding amount increased with the fetal age because the growth of tooth germs was grdater than that of jow bone. 4. In the growth of upper dental arch, the increase of width was greater than that of length. 5. There was proportional relationship beween the arce of Palatal Trapezoid and the fetal age.
Bone Development ; Crowding ; Dental Arch* ; Fetus* ; Gestational Age ; Growth and Development* ; Humans* ; Incisor ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Tooth Germ* ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film