Oligometastasis represents an intermediate state between local confined disease and systemic metastatic disease.Interventional therapy demonstrated significant potential for treating oligometastasis.The research progresses in local interventional therapy of oligometastatic malignant tumors were reviewed in this article.

Oligometastasis represents an intermediate state between local confined disease and systemic metastatic disease.Interventional therapy demonstrated significant potential for treating oligometastasis.The research progresses in local interventional therapy of oligometastatic malignant tumors were reviewed in this article.

Objective To discuss the correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN),and to analyze the value of NLR and PLR independent and combined detection in predicting T2DN.Methods A total of 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Department of Endocrinology,Shanxi Bethune Hospital from December 2021 to September 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the urinary albumin-creatinin ratio (ACR),patients were divided into the normal albuminuria group (A1 group,n=100),microalbuminuria group (A2 group,n=100) and the macroalbuminuria group (A3 group,n=100).The clinical and biochemical data (blood routine,blood biochemistry,glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,etc) were collected by fasting blood.Results NLR and PLR of patients in A3 group and A2 group were higher than those in A1 group ( P<0.05).NLR and PLR of patients in A3 group were higher than those in A2 group (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis displayed that NLR (OR=1.702,95％CI:1.290-2.247,P<0.001]and PLR (OR=1.007,95％CI:1.001-1.014,P=0.033) were risk factors for T2DN.According to the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve,the value of NLR for predicting T2DN was higher than PLR[area under the curve (AUC):0.715 vs.0.655].The cut-off values of NLR and PLR for predicting T2DN were 1.975 and 126.135,the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 72.0％,64.0％ and 53.0％,74.0％ respectively.When NLR was combined with PLR,the AUC was 0.714,the sensitivity of combined prediction was 68.0％,and the specificity was 68.5％.Conclusion NLR and PLR are both risk factors for T2DN,and both can be used to predict T2DN.NLR has the greatest predict value for T2DN.The combined predictive value of NLR and PLR were not improved compared with NLR alone.

Objective To observe the serum betatrophin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the role of betatrophin in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods A total of 59 patients with T2DM (DM group) and 14 healthy controls (NC group) were enrolled in the study.Vision,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,fluorescein fundus angiography were performed on all the subjects.According to the results of the examination combined with the international DR clinical staging criteria,the patients were divided into no DR (Non-DR) group,non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group,and proliferative DR (PDR) group,with 30,20 and 9 patients in each,respectively.The fasting blood glucose (FPG),insulin (FIN),C-peptide,glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low-density lipid Protein (LDL-C) levels were detected.The level of betatrophin in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation between betatrophin and other indicators was analyzed by Spearman correlation.The influencing factors of PDR were analyzed by logistic regression.Results Compared with subjects in the NC group,the level of FPG (F=-4.316,P＜0.001),FIN (F=2.142,P=0.001),HbA1c (F=-5.726,P＜0.001),TC (t=3.609,P=-0.010),LDL-C (t=0.000,P=0.003),and betatrophin (F=-2.263,P=0.024) were significantly increased and HDL-C level (F=-3.924,P＜0.001) was decreases in the DM group.The difference of TG level between two groups was not statistically significant (F=-1.422,P=0.155).Compared with the Non-DR group and the NPDR group,the serum C-peptide (F=7.818,P=0.020) and betatrophin levels (F=1 2.141,P=0.002) were significantly increased in the PDR group.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of betatrophin in the DM group was positively correlated to TC (r=0.304,P=0.019).The serum levels of betatrophin was positively correlated to body mass index in the Non-DR group (r=0.513,P=0.004).Furthermore,in the PDR group,a significant positive correlation was observed between the serum betatrophin levels and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.685,P=0.042).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes,serum C-peptide and betatrophin levels were risk factors for PDR.After controlling for the duration and serum C-peptide,the PDR risk for betatrophin levels great than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml was 12 times as much as betatrophin levels less than 1.0 ng/ml in T2DM patients.Conclusions The serum betatrophin content of patients with T2DM is abnormal.Betatrophin may be involved in the occurrence and development of PDR.