Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that has recently emerged as a crucial public health issue. It can elicit severe encephalitis and respiratory diseases in animals and humans, leading to fatal outcomes, exhibiting a wide range of host species tropism, and directly transmitting from animals to humans or through an intermediate host. Human-to-human transmission associated with recurrent NiV outbreaks is a potential global health threat. Currently, the lack of effective therapeutics or licensed vaccines for NiV necessitates the primary utilization of supportive care. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the various aspects of the NiV, including therapeutics, vaccines, and its biological characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features. The objective is to provide valuable information from scientific and clinical research and facilitate the formulation of strategies for preventing and controlling the NiV.
Animals ; Humans ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Henipavirus Infections/virology* ; Nipah Virus/pathogenicity* ; Viral Vaccines ; Zoonoses/virology*

Objective:To explore whether antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in the regulation of renal injury induced by diquat poisoning (DQ) in rats through anti-oxidative stress and inhibition of interleukin (IL)-17 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and whether this mechanism is related to alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.Methods:The expressions of NF-κB inhibitory protein α (IKB-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (P-NF-κB), JNK-related leucine zipper protein (JLP) and neuroprotective protein PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) pathway proteins were detected in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical detection of renal injury markers and inflammatory cytokines: serum urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), Cystatin C (CysC), renal injury molecule 1, Malondialdehyde, Supemxidedismutase (SOD), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), etc. Renal pathology HE staining was used to observe the degree of renal injury and pathological score under light microscope. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by immunofluorescence. CCK-8 experiment was used to observe the level of cell proliferation after administration.Results:In vivo experiment, the indexes of renal function injury (Cr, BUN, CysC, NAGL, KIM-1) in plasma and kidney samples were significantly increased after 72 h of exposure in DQ group, and there were significant histopathological changes and pathological scores increased. In vitro experiment HK-2 cells were exposed to DQ for 48 h, and the cell viability decreased by half. After exposure to DQ, serum SOD decreased, MDA increased, and the immunofluorescence value of ROS in renal tissue increased. Intervention with CoQ10 can alleviate the pathological damage induced by DQ in rats, enhance the vitality of HK-2 cells, alleviate renal injury and reduce the level of oxidative stress. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17) increased in DQ group in vivo, the expression of P-NF-κBp65 protein in DQ group in vivo and HK-2 cell DQ group in vitro increased significantly, the expression of mitochondrial dysfunction index PINK1 protein increased significantly, and the expression of JLP protein and IκB-α protein decreased significantly. After intervention with CoQ10, the expression of P-NF-κBp65 protein and PINK1 can be decreased, while the expression of IκB-α protein can be increased and the degradation of JLP could be alleviated, and CoQ10 could improve the mitochondrial dysfunction after DQ poisoning.Conclusions:CoQ10 can alleviate the kidney injury induced by DQ poisoning in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the fact that CoQ10 regulates the expression of IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathway through anti-oxidative stress, and further improves mitochondrial dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） and bacterial infection and early warning indicators associated with multidrug-resistant infections. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection who attended The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 1， 2010 to December 31， 2021， and according to the drug susceptibility results， the patients were divided into multidrug-resistant （MDR） bacterial infection group with 80 patients and non-MDR bacterial infection group with 50 patients. General information and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups to screen for the early warning indicators associated with MDR bacterial infection. The Student’s t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data with homogeneity of variance between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data or continuous data with heterogeneity of variance between two groups； the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve were used to assess the predictive value of early warning indicators. ResultsAmong the 130 patients with ACLF and bacterial infection， sputum （27.7%） was the most common specimen for detection， followed by blood （24.6%）， urine （18.5%）， and ascites （17.7%）. Bacterial infections were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria （58.5%）. Of all bacteria， Escherichia coli （18.5%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae （14.6%）， and Enterococcus faecium （13.8%） were the most common pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as erythromycin （72.2%）， penicillin （57.4%）， ampicillin （55.6%）， and ciprofloxacin （53.7%）， while Gram-negative bacteria had a high resistance rate to the antibacterial drugs such as ampicillin （73.3%）， cefazolin （50.0%）， and cefepime （47.4%）. The patients with ACLF and bacterial infection had a relatively high rate of MDR bacterial infection （61.5%）. Comparison of clinical data between the two groups showed that compared with the patients with non-MDR bacterial infection， the patients with MDR bacterial infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase （Z=2.089， P=0.037）， aspartate aminotransferase （Z=2.063， P=0.039）， white blood cell count （Z=2.207， P=0.027）， and monocyte count （Z=4.413， P<0.001）. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that monocyte count was an independent risk factor for MDR bacterial infection （odds ratio=7.120， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 2.478‍ ‍—‍ ‍20.456，P<0.001） and had an area under the ROC curve of 0.686 （95%CI： 0.597‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.776） in predicting ACLF with MDR bacterial infection（P<0.001）， with the optimal cut-off value of 0.50×10⁹/L， a sensitivity of 0.725， and a specificity of 0.400. ConclusionACLF combined with bacterial infections is mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria， with the common pathogens of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and a relatively high MDR rate in clinical practice. An increase in monocyte count can be used as an early warning indicator to distinguish MDR bacterial infection from non-MDR bacterial infection.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of robot-assisted unilateral and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture (OTLF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 64 OTLF patients admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from April 2021 to May 2022. The patients included 28 males and 36 females, aged 57-88 years [(74.5±5.6)years]. Fracture segments were 12 patients from T 1-T 9, 32 from T 10-L 2, and 20 from L 3-L 5. All the patients were treated with PKP. Among them, 25 patients underwent manual unilateral puncture (manual unilateral group), 18 patients underwent manual bilateral puncture (manual bilateral group), and 21 patients underwent robot-assisted unilateral puncture (robot-assisted unilateral group). The operation time, channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, bone cement injection volume, and bone cement spatial distribution score were compared among the three groups. The visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Cobb angle of kyphosis were compared among the three groups before operation, at 3 days and 3 months after operation, and at the last follow-up. The incidence of complications was compared. Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-10 months [(7.0±0.9)months]. The operation time of the manual unilateral group was (30.2±6.1)minutes, which was shorter than (37.9±8.9)minutes of the robot-assisted unilateral group and (49.0±10.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group; the operation time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was markedly shorter than that of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (4.7±1.4)minutes, which was markedly shorter than (10.4±4.4)minutes of the manual unilateral group and (21.7±6.2)minutes of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (23.8±7.2)ml, which was less than (34.3±7.7)ml of the manual unilateral group and (55.9±18.7)ml of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy of the robot-assisted unilateral group was (12.1±2.5)times, which was markedly less than (21.2±5.9)times of the manual unilateral group and (39.6±9.5)times of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The channel establishment time, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of the manual unilateral group were markedly shorter or less than those of the manual bilateral group (all P<0.05). The bone cement injection volume and bone cement distribution score of the robot-assisted unilateral group were (4.7±1.3)ml and (7.9±1.2)points, which were not statistically different from (5.7±1.3)ml and (8.7±1.1)points of the manual bilateral group (all P>0.05), but were markedly higher than (3.0±1.3)ml and (5.1±1.8)points of the manual unilateral group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among the three groups at 3 days, 3 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05), but which were all lower than those before surgery (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in VAS, ODI and Cobb angle among three groups before operation, at 3 days, 3 months after surgery and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). The complication rate was 4.8% (1/21) of the robot-assisted unilateral group, 32.0% (8/25) of the manual unilateral group, and 33.3% (6/18) of the manual bilateral group, with no significant difference between the manual unilateral group and the manual bilateral group ( P>0.05), but both of which was markedly higher than that of the robot-assisted unilateral group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Robot-assisted unilateral puncture and manual unilateral/bilateral puncture PKP can both achieve satisfactory results for the treatment of OTLF, but robot-assisted unilateral puncture has shorter channel establishment time, less intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and lower complication rate.

Ambystoma mexicanum/immunology* ; Amputation ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Blastomeres/immunology* ; Cell Lineage/immunology* ; Connective Tissue Cells/immunology* ; Epithelial Cells/immunology* ; Forelimb ; Gene Expression ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Immunity ; Peroxiredoxins/immunology* ; Regeneration/immunology* ; Regenerative Medicine/methods* ; Single-Cell Analysis/methods*

Objective:To analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:The clinicopathological data of 1025 PTC patients who underwent surgery therapy in Department of Endocrine and Breast surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. BMI was calculated according to height and weight, and patients were divided into normal weight group (BMI<24 kg/m 2) and overweight and obese group (BMI≥24 kg/m 2) . The differences in clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients in different BMI groups were compared, and the correlation between BMI and clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients was studied. In addition, 342 PTC patients who underwent BRAF V600E and TERT gene tests were compared with different BMI groups to explore the relationship between BMI and BRAF V600E and TERT gene mutations. Results:In this research, there were 591 (57.66%) patients in the normal weight group and 434 (42.34%) patients in the overweight and obese group. Univariate analysis showed that BMI was associated with gender, age and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. There were more male gender ( P<0.001) , and age≥55 years ( P<0.001) in overweight and obese groups, and less with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ( P=0.045) in overweight and obese groups. There was no correlation between BMI and the clinicopathological features of PTC, such as bilaterality, multiformity, tumor size, etc. Otherwise, BMI was a weak protective factor for numbers of lymph node metastasis>5 of PTC ( OR=0.947, CI95%=0.9900-0.997, P=0.037) , and it was not correlated with extra thyroidal extension. There were no significant correlation between BMI and the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients of different genders, such as tumor size, bilaterality, extra thyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, etc. A significant relationship was found between BMI and BRAF V600E mutation in PTC patients ( P=0.044) , while it was not correlated between BMI and TERT mutation ( P=0.516) . Conclusions:Our study suggests that BMI is associated with age, gender, hashimoto’s thyroiditis and BRAF V600E mutation in PTC patients, while there was no significant correlation with the aggressiveness in PTC. More radical treatment for PTC patients who were overweight or obese is not recommended.

Objective To investigate whether platelet rich plasma (PRP) could prevent seawater immersion wound infection and promote wound healing.Methods New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish the seawater immersion injury model and were randomly divided into 3 groups:the saline immersion group,the seawater immersion group and the seawater immersion wound treated with platelet rich plasma (PRP) group (or simply the PRP treatment group).General medical data,wound outward appearance and healing of the rabbits after surgery were closely recorded at 3,7,14,21,28,35,42 days.Forty-two days after treatment,some tissues taken from the surgical sites were collected to perform histopathological detection by HE,and other tissues were ground to have bacteriological examination.Results Body temperature,body weight,and white blood cell level of the PRP treatment group were significantly superior to those of the seawater immersion group(P ＜ 0.05).After surgery,the wound in the seawater immersion group was obviously swollen,and there was a lot of purulent secretion.Though the wound could be healed at late stage,the healed wound was clearly swollen.On the other hand,there was no significant infection for the PRP treatment group after surgery,with good wound healing.Histopathological detection results showed that the structure of muscle fibers for the PRP treatment group remained intact,without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.However,the structure of muscle fibers for the seawater immersed group was disrupted,dissolved and was in a state of disorder,with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.Microbiological study indicated that the infecting bacterium genus was Coccus.The number of cultured bacterial colonies in the PRP treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the seawater immersion group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PRP could prevent seawater immersion wound infection,promote wound healing,and had the potential for infection prevention and treatment of seawater immersion wound.

Objective To investigate whether platelet rich plasma (PRP) could prevent seawater immersion wound infection and promote wound healing.Methods New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish the seawater immersion injury model and were randomly divided into 3 groups:the saline immersion group,the seawater immersion group and the seawater immersion wound treated with platelet rich plasma (PRP) group (or simply the PRP treatment group).General medical data,wound outward appearance and healing of the rabbits after surgery were closely recorded at 3,7,14,21,28,35,42 days.Forty-two days after treatment,some tissues taken from the surgical sites were collected to perform histopathological detection by HE,and other tissues were ground to have bacteriological examination.Results Body temperature,body weight,and white blood cell level of the PRP treatment group were significantly superior to those of the seawater immersion group(P ＜ 0.05).After surgery,the wound in the seawater immersion group was obviously swollen,and there was a lot of purulent secretion.Though the wound could be healed at late stage,the healed wound was clearly swollen.On the other hand,there was no significant infection for the PRP treatment group after surgery,with good wound healing.Histopathological detection results showed that the structure of muscle fibers for the PRP treatment group remained intact,without obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.However,the structure of muscle fibers for the seawater immersed group was disrupted,dissolved and was in a state of disorder,with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.Microbiological study indicated that the infecting bacterium genus was Coccus.The number of cultured bacterial colonies in the PRP treatment group was significantly smaller than that in the seawater immersion group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PRP could prevent seawater immersion wound infection,promote wound healing,and had the potential for infection prevention and treatment of seawater immersion wound.

Objective To discuss the effect of a moving folding multifunction operating platform in operation room so as to solve time-consuming and efforts in the putting lithotomy position of repeating placement and removal surgery bed legs plate and supply the operating platform in the surgery of the upper limb, inva-sive puncture and anesthesia operation.Methods A moving folding multifunction operating platform was self-designed. A number of 160 cases undergoing operation in lithotomy position in the urology department from March to June 2016 were randomly divided into the experimental group (80 cases) and the control group (80 cases). The routine nursing method were carried out in patients in the control group, while adopted operating platform were used in patients in the experimental group. Time-consuming pre and post operation were investigated. Application effects of moving folding multifunction operating platform in 114 cases including the surgery of the upper limb, invasive puncture and anesthesia operation were evaluated.Results During continues lithotomy position surgery, time consuming of changing position and position placement in the experimental group were (209.41±33.36) s and (622.33±62.16) s respectively, while those in the control group were (665.83±90.92) s and (1118.33±88.86) s. The differences were statistically significant between two groups (t=16.324, 15.844;P<0.05). In one lithotomy position surgery, time consuming of position placement pre and post operation were reduced 44.03% (saved 8.16 minutes/surgery) compared to that in the control group. It alleviated 60 kg body burden of nurses. The safety and performance evaluation in the surgery of the upper limb, invasive puncture and anesthe-sia operation were in high levels with scores of (26.13±1.53) and (27.42±1.56) respectively.Conclusions The platform, which is practical and easy to use, contributes to meet the needs of a variety of technical operation in the operation room and helps optimizing procedure in transformation, reducing work load of nurse so as to im-prove efficiency and quality of work.

To study the link between BRAFV600E status and the expression of BIM gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma( PTC) tissues and to analyze the association of these factors with clinicopathological characteristics. BRAFV600E status was determined by MASA-PCR, and qPCR was applied to detect the expression of BIM gene. Finally, the associations of these factors with clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. The rate of mutant BRAFV600E in PTC was 54. 1% , and the expression of BIM gene was lowered in BRAFV600E positive PTC tissues. Additionally, there was significant association( P < 0. 05) between BRAFV600E positiveness and raised TNM Staging (Ⅲ/ Ⅳ), and lowered BIM expression was significantly associated (P<0. 05) with the tumor size and raised TNM Staging(Ⅲ/ Ⅳ). These findings may help us to know more about the mechanism of PTC and to develop new diagnostic biomarkers or prognostic indicators of PTC.