Objective:To summarize the clinical traits, diagnostic and therapeutic experiences of pancreatic tumors in children.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical data of 35 children with primary pancreatic tumors who were treated at the Department of General Surgery, the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University were collected from January 2010 to June 2023. There were 17 male and 18 female patients, aging from 3 months to 15 years and 1 month, with a median age of 9 years and 2 months. The presenting symptoms included 16 patients who had abdominal mass, 13 had clinical symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting, 4 cases were detected on the physical examination, and 7 cases were discovered on abdominal trauma examinations.Results:Among the 35 cases, 16 cases of tumors were located in the pancreatic head. Among them, 9 cases underwent open pancreaticoduodenal surgery, 2 cases received duodenum-preserving pancreatic cephalectomy, 4 cases underwent pancreatic tumor resection, and 1 case underwent laparotomy for pancreatic tumor biopsy. Seventeen cases had tumors located in the body and tail of the pancreas, including 13 patients who underwent laparoscopic splenic-sparing caudectomy and 4 patients who underwent pancreatic tumors resection. Two cases of von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) with diffuse cystic pancreatic degeneration were continuously observed and followed up. Postoperative pathological examinations revealed that there were 20 cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN), 6 cases of pancreaticoblastoma(PBL), 2 cases of insulinoma, 2 cases of serous cystadenoma, 2 cases of mature teratoma and 1 case of lipoma. Four patients with PBL were completely resected after 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy due to their large tumors. All PBL patients received standardized systematic treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. Postoperative complications included 4 cases(12.1%) of biochemical leakage, 1 case(3.0%) of grade B pancreatic fistula complicated with massive bleeding, 2 cases(6.1%) of elevated platelet count, and 2 cases(6.1%) of intestinal obstruction. One case of grade B pancreatic fistula complicated with massive bleeding underwent emergency surgery, and other cases with complications were cured through conservative treatment. Two patients with SPN recurred at 36 and 33 months and were treated with reoperation. One patient with obstructive jaundice with high-grade transformed SPN was abandoned after diagnosis, and one patient with PBL died. The follow-up period of the patients was 1 to 7 years. The tumor size of 2 VHL patients with diffuse cystic pancreatic degeneration did not change after regular visits, and tumor survival was not observed in other children.Conclusions:There are no specific clinical manifestations of pancreatic tumors in children and there are various pathological types, with the majority being SPN and PBL. Radical surgery for preservation of organ and functions is the preferred treatment for pediatric pancreatic tumors, and most have a favorable prognosis.

Objective:To study the strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas in children.Methods:The clinical data of 16 children with SPN managed at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's Hospital) from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively studied. There were 9 males and 7 females, ranged from 7 years and 5 months to 13 years and 3 months, with a median age of 10 years and 7 months. The clinical performance and types of the tumor (type Ⅰ, tumor located in the tail of pancreas; Type Ⅱ, the tumor located in the pancreatic body; Type Ⅲ, tumor located in the head of the pancreas), surgical methods, complications (pancreatic fistula, intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage) were analyzed. The recurrence was followed up by outpatient review or telephone after surgery.Results:The main clinical characteristics included abdominal pain (12 cases), abdominal trauma examination findings (2 cases), and physical examination findings (2 cases). The results of abdominal ultrasound, enhanced CT and/or MRI examinations showed that 4 cases of cystic tumors, 7 cases of solid tumors, and 5 cases of cystic solid tumors. Among of all patients, 2 cases were clinical classification type Ⅰ, 8 cases were type Ⅱ, and 6 cases were type Ⅲ. Among 6 cases with tumor located in the head of the pancreas, 3 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 patient underwent resection of the head of the pancreas with preservation of the duodenum, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic resection of pancreatic head tumor, 1 patient underwent biopsy of pancreatic head tumor. The other 10 cases with tumor located in the body and tail of the pancreas, 6 patients underwent laparoscopic splenic preservation pancreatic body-tail resection, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic resection of pancreatic body-tail and splenectomy, combined with autologous splenic transplantation, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic removal of the splenic venous thrombus, splenic preservation pancreatic body-tail, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic enucleation of a dorsal tumor in the middle part of the pancreas, and 1 patient underwent open resection of spleen-preserving pancreatic body-caudal. Postoperative complications included pancreatic fistula (grade B) with massive hemorrhage (1 case), biochemical leakage (1 case), post-operative pancreatitis (1 case), intestinal obstruction (1 case), and reactive thrombocytosis (1 case). The patient pancreatic fistula (grade B) with massive hemorrhage and pancreatic leakage required emergency surgery, while the remaining patients recovered with conservative treatment. All patients were followed up for 22 to 90 months (median follow-up period of 70 months), two cases relapsed and were successfully re-treated surgically at 36 months and 33 months post-surgery, respectively. One patient with high grade transformation SPN and obstructive jaundice withdrew treatment (missed follow-up), while the remaining patients without recurrence after surgery.Conclusion:Children SPN has no specific clinical features, and preoperative abdominal ultrasound, CT and/or MRI can be located and diagnosed. Surgery is the preferred treatment, and the prognosis is well.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for the construction of the "mosquito-free village" in Jinzishan Village, Fuling District, Chongqing Municipality, so as to provide references for improving mosquito control practices in hilly and mountainous rural areas. Methods: The "mosquito-free village" initiative in Fuling District was launched in April 2023. Mosquito density monitoring was conducted annually from April to October. Larval mosquito density was monitored using the path method and scoop-catch method, and adult mosquito density was monitored using human-baited landing catch. One hundred and fifty-two villagers were randomly conducted before the "mosquito-free village" construction (April 2023) and one hundred and sixty-seven villagers were randomly conducted after the construction (November 2024). Knowledge awareness rate and correct behavioral practices regarding mosquito control among villagers were assessed. The satisfaction among villagers were evaluated in November 2024. The effectiveness of the initiative was evaluated based on mosquito density data, health education outcomes from 2023 to 2024, and satisfaction. Results: The average larval mosquitoes path index in Jinshanzi Village decreased from 1.50 spots/km in 2023 to 0.07 spots/km in 2024 (P<0.05). The average sampling spoon index of larval mosquitoes decreased from 3.43% in 2023 to 0 in 2024. The average landing rate index of adult mosquitoes decreased from 3.90 mosquitoes/(person·time) in 2023 to 0.38 mosquitoes/(person·time) in 2024 (P<0.05). The awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge and the formation rate of correct behaviors among villagers increased from 59.87% and 57.24% in 2023 to 92.22% and 90.42% in 2024, respectively (both P<0.05). In 2024, the satisfaction of villagers was 92.81%. Conclusion The mosquito density, health education effectiveness, and satisfaction of villagers in Jinzishan Village have all met the evaluation criteria for a "mosquito-free village", providing a replicable model for promotion in hilly and mountainous rural areas.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of duodenal duplication in children.Methods:From Jan 2017 to Jun 2023, clinical data of 8 child patients complaining nonspecific intraabdominal symptoms at Department of General Surgery, Hu'nan Children's Hospital undering surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Five patients had duodenal duplication resected, 3 patients underwent fenestration and mucous membraine removel.Postoperative pathology showed cyst type in 6 cases, tubular type in 2 cases,all with lining of intestinal mucosa, and smooth muscle, including 1 case with ectopic pancreas tissues, 2 cases with ectopic gastric mucosa tissues. Postoperative follow-up were 10-48 months. During the follow-up period, there was no abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and other symptoms, and the children recovered well.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of duodenal duplication are no specific. Definite diagnosis depends on pathology. Duodenal duplication resection or fenestration plus mucosal stripping is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is good.

Objective:To study the strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas in children.Methods:The clinical data of 16 children with SPN managed at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's Hospital) from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively studied. There were 9 males and 7 females, ranged from 7 years and 5 months to 13 years and 3 months, with a median age of 10 years and 7 months. The clinical performance and types of the tumor (type Ⅰ, tumor located in the tail of pancreas; Type Ⅱ, the tumor located in the pancreatic body; Type Ⅲ, tumor located in the head of the pancreas), surgical methods, complications (pancreatic fistula, intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage) were analyzed. The recurrence was followed up by outpatient review or telephone after surgery.Results:The main clinical characteristics included abdominal pain (12 cases), abdominal trauma examination findings (2 cases), and physical examination findings (2 cases). The results of abdominal ultrasound, enhanced CT and/or MRI examinations showed that 4 cases of cystic tumors, 7 cases of solid tumors, and 5 cases of cystic solid tumors. Among of all patients, 2 cases were clinical classification type Ⅰ, 8 cases were type Ⅱ, and 6 cases were type Ⅲ. Among 6 cases with tumor located in the head of the pancreas, 3 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 1 patient underwent resection of the head of the pancreas with preservation of the duodenum, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic resection of pancreatic head tumor, 1 patient underwent biopsy of pancreatic head tumor. The other 10 cases with tumor located in the body and tail of the pancreas, 6 patients underwent laparoscopic splenic preservation pancreatic body-tail resection, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic resection of pancreatic body-tail and splenectomy, combined with autologous splenic transplantation, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic removal of the splenic venous thrombus, splenic preservation pancreatic body-tail, 1 patient underwent laparoscopic enucleation of a dorsal tumor in the middle part of the pancreas, and 1 patient underwent open resection of spleen-preserving pancreatic body-caudal. Postoperative complications included pancreatic fistula (grade B) with massive hemorrhage (1 case), biochemical leakage (1 case), post-operative pancreatitis (1 case), intestinal obstruction (1 case), and reactive thrombocytosis (1 case). The patient pancreatic fistula (grade B) with massive hemorrhage and pancreatic leakage required emergency surgery, while the remaining patients recovered with conservative treatment. All patients were followed up for 22 to 90 months (median follow-up period of 70 months), two cases relapsed and were successfully re-treated surgically at 36 months and 33 months post-surgery, respectively. One patient with high grade transformation SPN and obstructive jaundice withdrew treatment (missed follow-up), while the remaining patients without recurrence after surgery.Conclusion:Children SPN has no specific clinical features, and preoperative abdominal ultrasound, CT and/or MRI can be located and diagnosed. Surgery is the preferred treatment, and the prognosis is well.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of duodenal duplication in children.Methods:From Jan 2017 to Jun 2023, clinical data of 8 child patients complaining nonspecific intraabdominal symptoms at Department of General Surgery, Hu'nan Children's Hospital undering surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Five patients had duodenal duplication resected, 3 patients underwent fenestration and mucous membraine removel.Postoperative pathology showed cyst type in 6 cases, tubular type in 2 cases,all with lining of intestinal mucosa, and smooth muscle, including 1 case with ectopic pancreas tissues, 2 cases with ectopic gastric mucosa tissues. Postoperative follow-up were 10-48 months. During the follow-up period, there was no abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and other symptoms, and the children recovered well.Conclusions:The clinical manifestations of duodenal duplication are no specific. Definite diagnosis depends on pathology. Duodenal duplication resection or fenestration plus mucosal stripping is the treatment of choice. The prognosis is good.

Objective:To summarize the clinical traits, diagnostic and therapeutic experiences of pancreatic tumors in children.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, clinical data of 35 children with primary pancreatic tumors who were treated at the Department of General Surgery, the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University were collected from January 2010 to June 2023. There were 17 male and 18 female patients, aging from 3 months to 15 years and 1 month, with a median age of 9 years and 2 months. The presenting symptoms included 16 patients who had abdominal mass, 13 had clinical symptoms of abdominal pain and vomiting, 4 cases were detected on the physical examination, and 7 cases were discovered on abdominal trauma examinations.Results:Among the 35 cases, 16 cases of tumors were located in the pancreatic head. Among them, 9 cases underwent open pancreaticoduodenal surgery, 2 cases received duodenum-preserving pancreatic cephalectomy, 4 cases underwent pancreatic tumor resection, and 1 case underwent laparotomy for pancreatic tumor biopsy. Seventeen cases had tumors located in the body and tail of the pancreas, including 13 patients who underwent laparoscopic splenic-sparing caudectomy and 4 patients who underwent pancreatic tumors resection. Two cases of von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) with diffuse cystic pancreatic degeneration were continuously observed and followed up. Postoperative pathological examinations revealed that there were 20 cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN), 6 cases of pancreaticoblastoma(PBL), 2 cases of insulinoma, 2 cases of serous cystadenoma, 2 cases of mature teratoma and 1 case of lipoma. Four patients with PBL were completely resected after 4 cycles of induction chemotherapy due to their large tumors. All PBL patients received standardized systematic treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. Postoperative complications included 4 cases(12.1%) of biochemical leakage, 1 case(3.0%) of grade B pancreatic fistula complicated with massive bleeding, 2 cases(6.1%) of elevated platelet count, and 2 cases(6.1%) of intestinal obstruction. One case of grade B pancreatic fistula complicated with massive bleeding underwent emergency surgery, and other cases with complications were cured through conservative treatment. Two patients with SPN recurred at 36 and 33 months and were treated with reoperation. One patient with obstructive jaundice with high-grade transformed SPN was abandoned after diagnosis, and one patient with PBL died. The follow-up period of the patients was 1 to 7 years. The tumor size of 2 VHL patients with diffuse cystic pancreatic degeneration did not change after regular visits, and tumor survival was not observed in other children.Conclusions:There are no specific clinical manifestations of pancreatic tumors in children and there are various pathological types, with the majority being SPN and PBL. Radical surgery for preservation of organ and functions is the preferred treatment for pediatric pancreatic tumors, and most have a favorable prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of curcumin on the cycle arrest of human colon cancer HCT116 cells and decipher the possible molecular mechanism. MethodThe methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method was employed to examine the effects of curcumin （0， 12.5， 25， 50， 75， 100 μmol·L^-1） and 5-fluorouracil （5-FU， 600 μmol·L^-1） on the proliferation of HCT116 cells at different time points （24， 48， 72 h）. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the cycle of HCT116 cells treated with curcumin （0， 25， 50， 75 μmol·L^-1） and 5-FU. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of proteins in the Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 （STAT1） /cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （p21） pathway in HCT116 cells. The binding of STAT1 to p21 promoter region was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation （ChIP）. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was employed to measure the role of STAT1 in regulating the expression of p21 and that of JAK1 in regulating the activation of STAT1 by Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence， respectively. ResultCompared with the blank group， the HCT-116 cells treated with curcumin and 5-FU showed decreased viability （P<0.05）， increased proportions of cells in the G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）， decreased proportions of cells in the S phase and G₂/M phase （P<0.05）， down-regulated protein level of phosphorylated p21 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein level of p21 （P<0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the p21 siRNA+ curcumin group presented decreased proportion of cells in G₀/G₁ phase （P<0.05）. Compared with the blank group， curcumin elevated the level of phosphorylated STAT1 （p-STAT1） （P<0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the curcumin + STAT1 siRNA group showcased up-regulated protein level of p21 in HCT116 cells （P<0.05）. The mechanism study showed that curcumin treatment enhanced the enrichment of STAT1 in the p21 promoter region （P<0.05） compared with the blank group. Compared with the blank group， curcumin up-regulated the level of phosphorylated JAK1 （p-JAK1） （P <0.05）. Compared with the curcumin group， the curcumin + STAT1 siRNA group demonstrated up-regulated protein levels of p-STAT1 and p21 in HCT116 cells （P<0.05）. ConclusionCurcumin may induce the cycle arrest of human colon cancer HCT116 cells by activating the JAK1/STAT1/p21 signaling pathway.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death,which is mainly character-ized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in cells.Studies have found that ferroptosis may play a key role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease.This article reviews the molecular regulation mechanism of ferroptosis and its research progress in Parkinson's disease,in order to provide the theoretical basis and new ideas for targeted ferroptosis in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To testify the spatial relationship between the subscapularis muscle splitting window and the axillary nerve in modified arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, which could provide anatomical basis for the modification of the subscapularis muscle splitting. METHODS: A total of 29 adult cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected layer by layer, and the axillary nerve was finally confirmed to walk on the front surface of the subscapularis muscle. Keeping the shoulder joint in a neutral position, the Kirschner wire was passed through the subscapularis muscle from back to front at the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid circle (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), and the anterior exit point (point A, the point of splitting subscapularis muscle during Latarjet procedure) was recorded. The vertical and horizontal distances between point A and the axillary nerve were measured respectively. RESULTS: In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the distance between the point A and the axillary nerve was 27.37 (19.80, 34.55) mm in the horizontal plane and 16.67 (12.85, 20.35) mm in the vertical plane. CONCLUSION In the neutral position of the shoulder joint, the possibility of axillary nerve injury will be relatively reduced when radiofrequency is taken from the 4 : 00 position of the right glenoid (7 : 00 position of the left glenoid circle), passing through the subscapularis muscle posteriorly and anteriorly and splitting outward.
Adult ; Humans ; Shoulder ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Scapula/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Cadaver ; Joint Instability/surgery*