The translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) can noninvasively detect neuroinflammation associated with epileptogenesis and epilepsy. This study explored the role of the TSPO-targeting radioligand [¹⁸F]F-TFQC, an m-trifluoromethyl ER176 analog, in the PET neuroimaging of epileptic rats. Initially, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 8%-10% (EOS), a radiochemical purity of over 99%, and a specific activity of 38.21 ± 1.73 MBq/nmol (EOS). After determining that [¹⁸F]F-TFQC exhibited good biochemical properties, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC PET neuroimaging was performed in epileptic rats at multiple time points in various stages of disease progression. PET imaging showed specific [¹⁸F]F-TFQC uptake in the right hippocampus (KA-injected site, i.e., epileptogenic zone), which was most pronounced at 1 week (T/NT 1.63 ± 0.21) and 1 month (T/NT 1.66 ± 0.20). The PET results were further validated using autoradiography and pathological analysis. Thus, [¹⁸F]F-TFQC can reflect the TSPO levels and localize the epileptogenic zone, thereby offering the potential for monitoring neuroinflammation and guiding anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with epilepsy.

Objective:To explore the binding characteristics of N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) and ( R)- N-sec-butyl- N-methyl-4-(3-( 18F-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)quinazoline-2-carboxamide ( 18F-TFQC) to the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO), and to evaluate the imaging efficacy and feasibility of those 2 molecular probes in neuroinflammation rat models. Methods:To test the selectivity of 18F-DPA-714 and 18F-TFQC for TSPO polymorphisms, the wild-type (high-affinity binding, HAB) and mutant (low-affinity binding, LAB) sequences of the human TSPO gene were transfected into 293T cells respectively. A competitive inhibition assay was carried out with N-methyl- N-(1-methylpropyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide (PK11195) as an inhibitor to determine the binding affinities of 2 probes to TSPO polymorphisms. Rat neuroinflammation models ( n=6) were established using lipopolysaccharide. Three days after modeling, small animal PET/CT imaging was performed using 18F-DPA-714 and 18F-TFQC, respectively, to observe and compare the uptake of the tracers, and the ratio of SUV mean of the right striatum to SUV mean of the left striatum (SUVR) was calculated. After the imaging, the expression and distribution of microglia and TSPO were detected by tissue immunofluorescence. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the SUVR data of different groups. Results:The inhibition constants ( Ki) of 18F-TFQC on 293T-LAB and 293T-HAB cells were 23.51 and 14.60 nmol/L, respectively, with a Ki LAB/ Ki HAB ratio of 1.61, indicating low sensitivity to TSPO single nucleotide polymorphisms. The Ki of 18F-DPA-714 for binding to 293T-LAB and 293T-HAB cells were 45.23 and 6.47 nmol/L, respectively, with a Ki LAB/ Ki HAB ratio of 6.99. Small animal PET/CT imaging demonstrated that specifically uptake of both probes could be found in neuroinflammatory lesions. The overall SUVR of 18F-DPA-714 in the lesions within 60minutes was slightly higher than that of 18F-TFQC, but no significant difference was observed ( F values: inter-group 0.40, time effect 0.30, cross-effect 0.03; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with 18F-DPA-714, 18F-TFQC is less sensitive to TSPO gene polymorphisms, thus being more suitable for clinical application and promotion. It holds promise for the early identification of neuroinflammation and the efficacy monitoring of anti-inflammatory drug treatments.

Objective:To explore the binding characteristics of N, N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2- 18F-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5, 7-dimethylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide ( 18F-DPA-714) and ( R)- N-sec-butyl- N-methyl-4-(3-( 18F-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)quinazoline-2-carboxamide ( 18F-TFQC) to the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 18×10 3 translocator protein (TSPO), and to evaluate the imaging efficacy and feasibility of those 2 molecular probes in neuroinflammation rat models. Methods:To test the selectivity of 18F-DPA-714 and 18F-TFQC for TSPO polymorphisms, the wild-type (high-affinity binding, HAB) and mutant (low-affinity binding, LAB) sequences of the human TSPO gene were transfected into 293T cells respectively. A competitive inhibition assay was carried out with N-methyl- N-(1-methylpropyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide (PK11195) as an inhibitor to determine the binding affinities of 2 probes to TSPO polymorphisms. Rat neuroinflammation models ( n=6) were established using lipopolysaccharide. Three days after modeling, small animal PET/CT imaging was performed using 18F-DPA-714 and 18F-TFQC, respectively, to observe and compare the uptake of the tracers, and the ratio of SUV mean of the right striatum to SUV mean of the left striatum (SUVR) was calculated. After the imaging, the expression and distribution of microglia and TSPO were detected by tissue immunofluorescence. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the SUVR data of different groups. Results:The inhibition constants ( Ki) of 18F-TFQC on 293T-LAB and 293T-HAB cells were 23.51 and 14.60 nmol/L, respectively, with a Ki LAB/ Ki HAB ratio of 1.61, indicating low sensitivity to TSPO single nucleotide polymorphisms. The Ki of 18F-DPA-714 for binding to 293T-LAB and 293T-HAB cells were 45.23 and 6.47 nmol/L, respectively, with a Ki LAB/ Ki HAB ratio of 6.99. Small animal PET/CT imaging demonstrated that specifically uptake of both probes could be found in neuroinflammatory lesions. The overall SUVR of 18F-DPA-714 in the lesions within 60minutes was slightly higher than that of 18F-TFQC, but no significant difference was observed ( F values: inter-group 0.40, time effect 0.30, cross-effect 0.03; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with 18F-DPA-714, 18F-TFQC is less sensitive to TSPO gene polymorphisms, thus being more suitable for clinical application and promotion. It holds promise for the early identification of neuroinflammation and the efficacy monitoring of anti-inflammatory drug treatments.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), pepsinogen ratio (PGR) combined with magnifying chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC).Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted. The clinical data of 314 patients with gastric cancer who were confirmed by pathological examination in Baoji Central Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into EBVaGC group (34 cases) and EB virus negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC) group (280 cases) according to the result of EB virus quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in serum before treatment, while 50 healthy volunteers who underwent the physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The level of VEGF was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ and PGⅡ were detected by using fluorescence immunochromatography. PGR was calculated by PGⅠ-to-PGⅡ ratio. Electronic magnification gastroscopy was performed, suspicious lesions were stained and the pathological state of gastric tissues was observed. Taking the pathological results of living tissues as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of each index alone and the combination detection for EBVaGC was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors of the incidence of EBVaGC.Results:The age of patients in EBVaGC group, EBVnGC group and the healthy control group was (61±10) years, (63±12) years and (61±12) years, respectively; and there were 28 males (82.4%), 228 males (81.4%) and 41 males (82.0%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). The serum VEGF level and the proportion of positive patients detected by endochromatography in EBVaGC group were higher than those in the EBVnGC group and the healthy control group [VEGF: (253±48) pg/ml vs. (183±38) pg/ml, (92±25) pg/ml; positive proportion: 94.1% (32/34) vs. 77.9% (218/280), 2.0% (1/50)], and the PGR in EBVaGC group was lower than that in EBVnGC group and the healthy control group (2.1±1.0 vs. 3.1±1.1, 14.1±1.9), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of serum VEGF in the diagnosis of EBVaGC was higher than that of PGR [73.5% (25/34) vs. 66.9% (22/34)]. The diagnostic specificity of PGR [78.2% (219/280) vs. 69.3% (194/280)] and accuracy [76.8% (241/314) vs. 69.8% (219/314)] were higher than those of VEGF. The sensitivity [85.3% (29/34)], specificity [82.9% (232/280)] and accuracy [83.1% (261/314)] of magnifying chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of EBVaGC were higher than those of VEGF and PGR. The sensitivity [94.1% (32/34)], specificity [95.7% (268/280)] and accuracy [95.5% (300/314)] of the 3 combined detection were higher than those of single and pairwise detection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the incidence of EBVaGC included alcoholism ( OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.243-3.581, P = 0.007), spicy food preference ( OR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.084-2.142, P = 0.026), irregular diet ( OR = 1.448, 95% CI: 1.013-2.104, P = 0.043), family history of gastric cancer ( OR = 2.732, 95% CI: 1.312-4.894, P = 0.001). Conclusions:Serum VEGF and PGR combined with magnifying chromoendoscopy can improve the diagnostic efficiency of EBVaGC, and developing good eating will be helpful to prevent or slow down the progression of stomach diseases.

Objective:To analyze the detection strategy and basic detection situation of markers of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion in blood testing laboratories of blood stations in China.Methods:Based on the data of practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021, the data on the testing strategies and the basic detection information of the markers for the transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in the member laboratories of the practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the situation of the selection for testing markers, testing strategy and the testing method and other relevant aspects were sorted out and analyzed by charts.Results:The selection of the testing markers was consistent, but HTLV testing item was added in some member laboratories. The detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously was adopted in 47 member blood stations; 3) NAT method was dominated by mini pool-NAT in member laboratories. The number of members adopting mini-pools of 8 (MP8)-NAT decreased from 17 in 2017 to 14 in 2021, while the number of members adopting mini-pools of 6 (MP6)-NAT increased from 13 in 2017 to 22 in 2021; Roche NAT system accounted for the largest proportion.Conclusions:In order to ensure blood safety and avoid missing detection, the blood stations still adopt the detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously; Meanwhile, in order to increase the NAT positive rate, the proportion of mini pool-NAT mainly decreased year by year despite its dominating role, while the proportion of individual donation-NAT increased year by year; NAT method is transiting from mini-pools of 8 (MP8) to mini-pools of 6 (MP6); The proportion of imported NAT system used in NAT laboratory is relatively large.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Objective::This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods::Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30, 2013, to October 7, 2015, were included in the study. The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization (TLR), stroke, stent thrombosis, cardiac death, and PCI-related myocardial infarction (MI) within 72 h post-PCI. Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results::A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled. The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33% ( n = 71), including cardiac death (0.03%, n = 1) and PCI-related MI (2.30%, n = 70). The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16% ( n = 5), including cardiac death (0.10%, n = 3), PCI-related MI (0.03%, n = 1), and TLR for stent thrombosis (0.03%, n = 1). The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86% ( n = 87); 233 (7.86%) patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury. Conclusions::These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs, confirming its safety in this population.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with Lumina type breast cancer, and to explore its significance in individualized treatment.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 59 patients with surgical resection and pathological diagnosis of Lumina type breast cancer in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of 21 gene and RS was calculated. According to the 21-gene RS, the patients were divided into low recurrence risk group (RS < 18 points), intermediate recurrence risk group (RS 18-31 points) and high recurrence risk group (RS > 31 points). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were made to evaluate the correlations between different recurrence risk and clinicopathological characteristics of patients and their influence on the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy.Results:Based on the 21-gene RS, 29 patients were in low recurrence risk group, 22 cases were in intermediate recurrence risk group, and 8 cases were in high recurrence risk group. Single-factor analysis showed that age ( P = 0.012), maximum mass diameter ( P = 0.031), histological grade ( P = 0.036), progesterone receptor (PR) level ( P = 0.015), Ki-67 positive index ( P = 0.049) and molecular typing ( P = 0.010) were influencing factors of 21-gene RS recurrence risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age and Ki-67 positive index were negatively correlated with 21-gene RS recurrence risk (both P < 0.05). After grouping according to the 21-gene RS, 17 patients in the intermediate recurrence risk group (according to the traditional postoperative recurrence risk grouping method for breast cancer) were classified as low recurrence risk group, and 4 patients in the low recurrence risk group were classified as intermediate recurrence risk group ( χ2 = 4.535, P = 0.033). After grouping based on 21-gene RS, the number of patients who needed chemotherapy in individualized treatment decreased. Of the 17 cases, 11 cases did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy, and the remaining patients received chemotherapy. The postoperative follow-up period was 11-22 months. As of March 2020, there was no recurrence or disease progress. Conclusion:The 21-gene RS can provide objective basis for the individualized precise treatment and prognosis prediction for patients with early-stage Lumina type breast cancer.

【Objective】 To analyze the HIV-, HCV- and HBV- NAT yield rate in different areas of Henan province, so as to provide the basis for disease prevention and control as well as the establishment of a unified quality control standard for nucleic acid testing(NAT) in the Henan province. 【Methods】 The number and prevalence of NAT yielding samples with isolated infectious virus, namely HIV, HCV and HBV, in 18 blood stations in Henan province from 2017~2019, as well as the trends were analyzed. The NAT quality of each laboratory and each testing system was analyzed according to the ratio of reactive individual donation(ID) results to reactive minipools(MP). 【Results】 The HBV, HCV and HIV ID-NAT yield numbers in 3 501 251 blood donations were HBV 2 606(74/100 000), HCV 21 (0.63/100 000), and HIV 34(1.00/100 000). The HBV ID-NAT yield rate showed an upward trend in the whole province from 2017 to 2019, while the prevalence of HIV and HCV ID-NAT yield didn′t differ significantly during three years. 5 kinds of NAT detection systems were applied in 18 blood centers. among which Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were triplex detection systems. 2661 ID-reactive samples were implicated in 5 595 MP-reactive samples, with a resolution rate of 47.56%. The resolution rate of triplex NAT system Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅳ was 39.63%~47.95%, 40.43%~54.36%, 51.61% and 70.00%~45.45%, respectively. An upward trend in triplex NAT resolution rate was observed in 8 laboratories, i. e.B, D, E, F, I, K, L and Q, and an descending trend in A and C. The NAT system Ⅲ, a ID-NAT system, was used only by laboratory C, presenting a NAT-yield rate of 0.19% (282/145 474) and resolution rate of 46.45% (131/282). 【Conclusion】 The majority of NAT-yield of one infectious virus in Henan province is HBV, presenting annual increasing trend. The quality management of NAT laboratories should be strengthened as the divergence was seen in the performance of different NAT laboratories.

【Objective】 To analyze the cause of single-ELISA reactive of four blood screening items in 18 blood stations in Henan, so as to provide the basis for improving the quality of blood screening. 【Methods】 The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP of 18 blood station laboratories in Henan throughout 2019 was calculated, and the causes were analyzed according to different ELISA reagent combinations and gray area settings in each laboratory. 【Results】 The overall single-ELISA reactive rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP were 1.740(2 154/1 237 789), 0.564‰(698/1 237 789), 1.421‰(1 759/1 237 789) and 1.561‰(1 932/1 237 789), respectively, showing significant differences by detection items (P <0.05). Person correlation analysis showed that the single-ELISA reactive rate was independent of the gray area settings.but dependent on laboratories and reagent combinations. The single-ELISA reactive rate of HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab and anti-TP in D laboratory was the highest and higher than that in other labs using the same reagent.The laboratories with high HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using a combination of imported reagents and domestic reagents, including the top 6 laboratories. The laboratories with high anti-HCV single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using certain domestic reagents. No obvious rules was noticed by single-ELISA reactive for anti-HIV. Laboratories with high anti-TP single-ELISA reactive rate were mostly those using combination 4. 【Conclusion】 The HBsAg single-ELISA reactive rate was the highest in the four blood screening items of blood station laboratories in Henan. The single-ELISA reactive rate is related to the laboratory itself and the reagent manufacturer, suggesting that laboratory quality control should be strengthened and proper reagent combination should be selected to reduce the waste of blood.