Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)ion channel,a non-selective cation channel,not only plays a key role in pain transmission but also serves as a bridge between the nervous system and immune system by regulating neuropeptide release,immune cell activation,and inflammatory signaling pathways.This article summarized its crucial role in inflammatory signal transduction,discussed the interaction mechanism between TRPV1 and the neuro-immune regulatory axis,and explored its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.