Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sensitive to ferroptosis, a new form of programmed cell death that occurs in most tumor types. However, the mechanism through which ferroptosis modulates HCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role and prognostic value of FANCD2 and provide novel insights into the prognostic assessment and prediction of immunotherapy. METHODS: Using clinicopathological parameters and bioinformatic techniques, we comprehensively examined the expression of FANCD2 macroscopically and microcosmically. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the prognostic value of FANCD2 in HCC and elucidated the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of FANCD2 in oncogenesis by promoting iron-related death. RESULTS: FANCD2 was significantly upregulated in digestive system cancers with abundant immune infiltration. As an independent risk factor for HCC, a high FANCD2 expression level was associated with poor clinical outcomes and response to immune checkpoint blockade. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that FANCD2 was mainly involved in the cell cycle and CYP450 metabolism. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively elucidate the oncogenic role of FANCD2. FANCD2 has a tumor-promoting aspect in the digestive system and acts as an independent risk factor in HCC; hence, it has recognized value for predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis and may be a potential biomarker for poor responsiveness to immunotherapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis* ; Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Immunotherapy ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection's effect on gestational liver function, pregnancy and delivery complications, and neonatal development. METHODS: A total of 157 HCV antibody-positive (anti-HCV[+]) and HCV RNA(+) patients (Group C) and 121 anti-HCV(+) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group B) were included as study participants, while 142 anti-HCV(-) and HCV RNA(-) patients (Group A) were the control group. Data on biochemical indices during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, delivery-related information, and neonatal complications were also collected. RESULTS: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) rates in Group C during early, middle, and late pregnancy were 59.87%, 43.95%, and 42.04%, respectively-significantly higher than Groups B (26.45%, 15.70%, 10.74%) and A (23.94%, 19.01%, 6.34%) ( P < 0.05). Median ALT levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Groups A and B at all pregnancy stages ( P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in neonatal malformation rates across groups ( P > 0.05). However, neonatal jaundice incidence was significantly greater in Group C (75.16%) compared to Groups A (42.25%) and B (57.02%) ( χ ² = 33.552, P < 0.001). HCV RNA positivity during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice ( OR = 2.111, 95% CI 1.242-3.588, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Chronic HCV infection can affect the liver function of pregnant women, but does not increase the pregnancy or delivery complication risks. HCV RNA(+) is an independent risk factor for neonatal jaundice.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Infant, Newborn ; Viremia/virology* ; Hepatitis C ; Hepacivirus/physiology* ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology* ; Young Adult ; Alanine Transaminase/blood*

Objective To establish a laser diffraction method for determining globule size distribution in medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve).Methods The Mastersizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer and Hydro EV wet sampling device were used,with water as the dispersion medium.Critical parameters,including refractive index,absorption coefficient,obscuration,measurement duration,stirring speed,and sonication parameters,were systematically optimized.Comparative evaluations were conducted across different computational models(Mie vs.Fraunhofer theories)and instrument platforms.Results The optimized optical parameters for particle size distribution analysis of medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve)were determined as follows:absorption rate 0.001,refractive index 1.52,measurement duration 10 s,stirring speed 1 200 r·min-1,with no sonication applied.Under these conditions,the method demonstrated satisfactory precision,repeatability,and robustness.Conclusions This method demonstrates operational simplicity,high accuracy,and excellent reproducibility,making it suitable for particle size distribution analysis of medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve).The established protocol provides a valuable reference for the development of particle size determination methods for emulsion formulations.

Objective To establish a laser diffraction method for determining globule size distribution in medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve).Methods The Mastersizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer and Hydro EV wet sampling device were used,with water as the dispersion medium.Critical parameters,including refractive index,absorption coefficient,obscuration,measurement duration,stirring speed,and sonication parameters,were systematically optimized.Comparative evaluations were conducted across different computational models(Mie vs.Fraunhofer theories)and instrument platforms.Results The optimized optical parameters for particle size distribution analysis of medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve)were determined as follows:absorption rate 0.001,refractive index 1.52,measurement duration 10 s,stirring speed 1 200 r·min-1,with no sonication applied.Under these conditions,the method demonstrated satisfactory precision,repeatability,and robustness.Conclusions This method demonstrates operational simplicity,high accuracy,and excellent reproducibility,making it suitable for particle size distribution analysis of medium and long chain fat emulsion injection(C8～24Ve).The established protocol provides a valuable reference for the development of particle size determination methods for emulsion formulations.

Objective To explore the advantages and clinical potential of open-mouth CT scanning in reducing oral artifacts.Methods Fifty-one patients with oral and maxillofacial space-occupying lesions and wearing metallic dentures were enrolled.All of them underwent routine CT scan fist and then enhanced CT scan following insertion of a bite block into the mouth.The related slice of artifacts such as tongue,palate and gum were selected,and in which the region of interest was delineated.The advantages and disadvantages of conventional closed-mouth scanning and open-mouth scanning were discussed by calculating artifact indexes and subjectively scoring the image quality by senior doctors.Results Scanning was successfully performed in all patients.Compared with closed-mouth group,open-mouth group had smaller artifact index(P<0.001)and higher subjective score(P<0.001).The artifacts in the lesion area were reduced in 38 out of 51 cases,and the lesion area was staggered from the metallic artifact level in 12 cases.The open-mouth scanning showed the lesion clearly,with high contrast and the best image quality.Conclusion The open-mouth position can effectively reduce artifacts in CT scanning of patients with space-occupying lesions in the oral,and improve image quality.

Objective To explore the advantages and clinical potential of open-mouth CT scanning in reducing oral artifacts.Methods Fifty-one patients with oral and maxillofacial space-occupying lesions and wearing metallic dentures were enrolled.All of them underwent routine CT scan fist and then enhanced CT scan following insertion of a bite block into the mouth.The related slice of artifacts such as tongue,palate and gum were selected,and in which the region of interest was delineated.The advantages and disadvantages of conventional closed-mouth scanning and open-mouth scanning were discussed by calculating artifact indexes and subjectively scoring the image quality by senior doctors.Results Scanning was successfully performed in all patients.Compared with closed-mouth group,open-mouth group had smaller artifact index(P<0.001)and higher subjective score(P<0.001).The artifacts in the lesion area were reduced in 38 out of 51 cases,and the lesion area was staggered from the metallic artifact level in 12 cases.The open-mouth scanning showed the lesion clearly,with high contrast and the best image quality.Conclusion The open-mouth position can effectively reduce artifacts in CT scanning of patients with space-occupying lesions in the oral,and improve image quality.

Aim To investigate whether alisol A (AA) could improve the blood brain barrier (BBB) mediated cortex cerebral ischemia-repeifusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Methods The global cerebral ischemia- reperfusion (GCI/R) model in mice was established, and the AA was intragastric injected subsequently for seven days. The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), open field test and Y-maze test were applied to detect neurological function. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to detect relevant neu- rosubstance metabolism in cortex of mice. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructure of BBB in cortex. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the MMP-9 level in cortex. The binding possibility of A A and MMP-9 was determined by molecular docking. Results Compared with Sham group, mice in GCI/R group have an increased mNSS score but decreased at total distance and center distance to total distance ratio in open field test as well as alternation rate in Y-maze test (P<0.01). While mice in GCI/R + AA group have a decreased mNSS score but increased at total distance and center distance to total distance ratio in open field test as well as alternation rate in Y-maze test (P<0.01) compared with GCI/R group. MRS results found that in cortex of GCI/R group mice, the level of GABA and NAA significantly decreased while the Cho, mI and Tau level increased (P<0.01). Whereas in GCI/R + AA group mice, the GABA and NAA level increased and the Cho, ml and Tau decreased significantly (P<0.01). By TEM we observed that the basilemma of cerebral microvessels collapsed, the lumen narrowed, the endothelial cells were active and plasma membranes ruffled, gaps between cells were enlarged and tight junctions were damaged and the end feet of astrocytes were swollen in GCI/R group mice. While in GCI/R + AA group mice, the lumen was filled, plasma membranes of endothelial cells were smooth, tight junctions were complete and end feet of astrocytes were in normal condition. Western blot and immunohistochemistry both found that the MMP-9 level increased in GCI/R group mice (P < 0.01) and decreased in GCI/R + AA group mice (P < 0.05). Molecular docking proved the binding between aliso A and MMP9 through TYR-50 and ARG-106, and the binding energy was calculated as -6.24 kcal · mol

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Changweiqing （肠胃清） in the treatment of colorectal cancer. MethodsHCT 116 cancer cells were used to prepare intestinal cancer cells with silenced polypyrimidine region binding protein 3 （PTBP3） gene and stably transfected cells with overexpressed PTBP3 gene. Stably transfected cells with silenced PTBP3， stably transfected cells with overexpressed PTBP3 and untransfected cancer cells were injected into the armpit of 72 nude mice to construct three different subcutaneous transplanted tumor models of colorectal cancer cells， including the silenced model， the overexpressed model and the control model， with 24 mice per model. Mice of each transplanted tumor modelwere randomly divided into Changweiqing （CWQ） group， oxaliplatin （OXA） group and normal saline （NS） group， with 8 mice in each group. The CWQ groups were given intragastric administration of 35.9625 g/kg of Changweiqing oral liquid and were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2ml of normal saline； the NS groups were given 0.5ml of normal saline by gavage， and intraperitoneal injection of 0.2ml of normal saline； the OXA groups were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg （0.2 ml） of oxaliplatin and given 0.5ml of normal saline by gavage. Each group was given intragastric administration once a day and intraperitoneal injection three times a week. After 31 days， the weight of subcutaneous tumors in each group was measured， and the tumor inhibition rate of the groups in each model were measured. Immunohistochemistry and other methods were used to detect the expression level of cell proliferation cell nuclear antigen Ki67 and apoptosis index. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of PTBP3， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） splicing isoform α （STAT3α）， STAT3 splicing isoform β （STAT3β）， B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 （Bcl-2） splicing isoform α （Bcl-2α）， and Bcl-2 splicing isoform β （Bcl-2β） in subcutaneous tumor cells in each group. ResultsFor all three transplanted tumor models， the weight of the subcutaneous tumors and Ki67 expression level of subcutaneous tumor tissue in all CWQ groups and OXA groups were lower than those of the corresponding NS groups， while the apoptosis level were higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of PTBP3， STAT3α， and Bcl-2α in the subcutaneous tumor tissues of the silenced model CWQ group and the overexpressed model CWQ group were lower than those of the corresponding NS groups， while the mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3β and Bcl-2β were higher （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. All there groups of silenced model had lower subcutaneous tumor weight， Ki67 expression level， and mRNA and protein expression levels of PTBP3， STAT3α， and Bcl-2α in subcutaneous tumor tissue， as well as higher apoptosis level and mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3β and Bcl-2β than those in all groups of control model； all groups of overexpressed model had higher subcutaneous tumor weight， Ki67 expression level， and mRNA and protein expression levels of PTBP3， STAT3α， and Bcl-2α ， while lower apoptosis level and mRNA and protein expression levels of STAT3β and Bcl-2β than those in all control model groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the control model， compared with the NS group， The tumor inhibition rate of all OXA groups was higher than that of corresponding CWQ groups， respectively. Compared to that of each control model group， the tumor inhibition rate was positive value of each silenced model group， and negative value of each overexpressed model group. ConclusionPTBP3 can promote the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of intestinal cancer cells， upregulate the expression of STAT3α and Bcl-2α， and downregulate the expression of STAT3β and Bcl-2β in intestinal cancer cells. The meachnism of action of Changweiqing in the treatment of colorectal cancer maybe related to the inhibition of PTBP3， and regulation of the expression of STAT3α， STAT3β， Bcl-2α， and Bcl-2β.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether the onset of the plateau phase of slow hepatitis B surface antigen decline in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with intermittent interferon therapy is related to the frequency of dendritic cell subsets and expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40,CD80,CD83,and CD86. Method This was a cross-sectional study in which patients were divided into a natural history group(namely NH group),a long-term oral nucleoside analogs treatment group(namely NA group),and a plateau-arriving group(namely P group).The percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cell and myeloid dendritic cell subsets in peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and the mean fluorescence intensity of their surface costimulatory molecules were detected using a flow cytometer. Results In total,143 patients were enrolled(NH group,n = 49;NA group,n = 47;P group,n = 47).The results demonstrated that CD141/CD1c double negative myeloid dendritic cell(DNmDC)/lymphocytes and monocytes(%)in P group(0.041[0.024,0.069])was significantly lower than that in NH group(0.270[0.135,0.407])and NA group(0.273[0.150,0.443]),and CD86 mean fluorescence intensity of DNmDCs in P group(1832.0[1484.0,2793.0])was significantly lower than that in NH group(4316.0[2958.0,5169.0])and NA group(3299.0[2534.0,4371.0]),Adjusted P all<0.001. Conclusion Reduced DNmDCs and impaired maturation may be associated with the onset of the plateau phase during intermittent interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.