OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of bear bile powder (BBP) on acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The chemical constituents of BBP were analyzed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). After 7 days of adaptive feeding, 50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups by a random number table (n=10): normal control (NC), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), dexamethasone (Dex), low-, and high-dose BBP groups. The dosing cycle was 9 days. On the 12th and 14th days, 20 µL of Staphylococcus aureus solution (bacterial concentration of 1 × 10^-7 CFU/mL) was given by nasal drip after 1 h of intragastric administration, and the mice in the NC group was given the same dose of phosphated buffered saline (PBS) solution. On the 16th day, after 1 h intragastric administration, 100 µL of LPS solution (1 mg/mL) was given by tracheal intubation, and the same dose of PBS solution was given to the NC group. Lung tissue was obtained to measure the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the lung wet/dry weight ratio and expressions of CD14 and other related proteins. The lower lobe of the right lung was obtained for pathological examination. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α ) and IL-1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the number of neutrophils was counted. The colonic contents of the mice were analyzed by 16 sRNA technique and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). RESULTS: UPLC-MS revealed that the chemical components of BBP samples were mainly tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt. BBP reduced the activity of MPO, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the expression of CD14 protein, thus suppressing the activation of NF-κB pathway (P<0.05). The lung histopathological results indicated that BBP significantly reduced the degree of neutrophil infiltration, cell shedding, necrosis, and alveolar cavity depression. Moreover, BBP effectively regulated the composition of the intestinal microflora and increased the production of SCFAs, which contributed to its treatment effect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS BBP alleviates lung injury in ALI mouse through inhibiting activation of NF-κB pathway and decreasing expression of CD14 protein. BBP may promote recovery of ALI by improving the structure of intestinal flora and enhancing metabolic function of intestinal flora.
Animals ; Acute Lung Injury/pathology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Ursidae ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Bile/chemistry* ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism* ; Powders ; Male ; Lung/drug effects* ; Mice ; Peroxidase/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Cytokines/metabolism*

Objective To establish mouse models exposed to different doses of neodymium oxide via tracheal instillation,and to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain tissue damage induced by neodymium oxide exposure in mice.Methods Forty-eight male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups:the control group,the low-dose group,the medium-dose group,and the high-dose group.The low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups received 62.5 mg/mL,125 mg/mL,and 250 mg/mL neodymium oxide,respectively,via non-exposed tracheal instillation.The control group received an equivalent volume of saline using the same administration method.After 35 days,the mice were euthanized,and brain tissues were collected.RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression changes of Claudin-5 and Occludin.Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression changes of Claudin-5 and Occludin tight junction proteins,as well as the expression changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues.Additionally,the expression of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway and downstream cofilin protein was examined.Changes in oxidative stress markers,including MDA,T-AOC,and NO,were measured using a kit method.Results The mRNA expression of Claudin-5 was significantly reduced in the middle-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Similarly,the mRNA expression of Occludin was significantly lower in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the protein expression of Claudin-5,MMP-2,and Occludin was significantly decreased in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).The protein expression of MMP-9 and RhoA was also signifi-cantly lower in the medium-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the protein expression of ROCK2 and p-cofilin in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The content of MDA and T-AOC was significantly lower in the medium-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05),and the content of NO in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Exposure to neodymium oxide results in increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in mice,leading to oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and activation of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway.

Guidelines for Digital Ancient Books of TCM Indexing(T/CIATCM 119-2024)is based on the theoretical knowledge,disciplinary methods,and practical applications of TCM classical cataloging.Taking digital ancient books of TCM as the object,it systematically reveals the content of TCM knowledge,which is an essential indexing processing standard for building an intelligent retrieval system for TCM ancient books,and can provide support for the deep development and innovative utilization of TCM knowledge.It can not only promote the co-construction and sharing of ancient book resources in the TCM industry,but also promote the standardization construction and application of TCM information.This standard specifies the principles,methods,and examples of free indexing of digital ancient books of TCM based on their original content.It is applicable to the indexing and processing of digital ancient books of TCM for TCM professional libraries and related institutions,and to the data processing and construction of various types of TCM ancient book databases.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of activity of daily living between social support and cognitive function of rural elderly.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August 2019 among 1 626 rural elderly people selected by multi-stage cluster random method in Guiyang City and Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.The contents include general situation, social support rate scale (SSRS), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among social support, activity of daily living and cognitive function in the elderly by SPSS 23.0 software. AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct structural equation models, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of activity of daily living.Results:The scores of cognitive function, social support and activity of daily living of the rural elderly were (20.83±5.47), (34.96±6.42) and (16.51±3.29), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive function scores among rural elderly with different levels of social support and activity of daily living( F=33.418, t=25.533, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that the social support score was positively correlated with the cognitive function score ( r=0.161, P<0.01), and the activity of daily living score was negatively correlated with scores of social support and cognitive function ( r=-0.083, -0.453, both P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, objective support dimensions, activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living were influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly( P<0.001).The results of structural equation model showed that the activity of daily living played a partial mediating role between social support and cognitive function in rural elderly, with the mediating effect of 0.046 (95% CI=0.025-0.075), accounting for 13.18% of total effect (effect value=0.349, 95% CI=0.277-0.415). Conclusion:The activity of daily living of rural elderly plays a partial mediating effect between social support and cognitive functioning.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of activity of daily living between social support and cognitive function of rural elderly.Methods:A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from July to August 2019 among 1 626 rural elderly people selected by multi-stage cluster random method in Guiyang City and Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.The contents include general situation, social support rate scale (SSRS), activity of daily living scale (ADL) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among social support, activity of daily living and cognitive function in the elderly by SPSS 23.0 software. AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct structural equation models, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating role of activity of daily living.Results:The scores of cognitive function, social support and activity of daily living of the rural elderly were (20.83±5.47), (34.96±6.42) and (16.51±3.29), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive function scores among rural elderly with different levels of social support and activity of daily living( F=33.418, t=25.533, P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that the social support score was positively correlated with the cognitive function score ( r=0.161, P<0.01), and the activity of daily living score was negatively correlated with scores of social support and cognitive function ( r=-0.083, -0.453, both P<0.01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that social support, objective support dimensions, activity of daily living and instrumental activity of daily living were influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly( P<0.001).The results of structural equation model showed that the activity of daily living played a partial mediating role between social support and cognitive function in rural elderly, with the mediating effect of 0.046 (95% CI=0.025-0.075), accounting for 13.18% of total effect (effect value=0.349, 95% CI=0.277-0.415). Conclusion:The activity of daily living of rural elderly plays a partial mediating effect between social support and cognitive functioning.

Objective To establish mouse models exposed to different doses of neodymium oxide via tracheal instillation,and to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain tissue damage induced by neodymium oxide exposure in mice.Methods Forty-eight male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups:the control group,the low-dose group,the medium-dose group,and the high-dose group.The low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups received 62.5 mg/mL,125 mg/mL,and 250 mg/mL neodymium oxide,respectively,via non-exposed tracheal instillation.The control group received an equivalent volume of saline using the same administration method.After 35 days,the mice were euthanized,and brain tissues were collected.RT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression changes of Claudin-5 and Occludin.Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression changes of Claudin-5 and Occludin tight junction proteins,as well as the expression changes of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues.Additionally,the expression of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway and downstream cofilin protein was examined.Changes in oxidative stress markers,including MDA,T-AOC,and NO,were measured using a kit method.Results The mRNA expression of Claudin-5 was significantly reduced in the middle-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Similarly,the mRNA expression of Occludin was significantly lower in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,the protein expression of Claudin-5,MMP-2,and Occludin was significantly decreased in the low-dose,medium-dose,and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).The protein expression of MMP-9 and RhoA was also signifi-cantly lower in the medium-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the protein expression of ROCK2 and p-cofilin in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The content of MDA and T-AOC was significantly lower in the medium-dose and high-dose groups compared to the control group(P<0.05),and the content of NO in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Exposure to neodymium oxide results in increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in mice,leading to oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and activation of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway.

Guidelines for Digital Ancient Books of TCM Indexing(T/CIATCM 119-2024)is based on the theoretical knowledge,disciplinary methods,and practical applications of TCM classical cataloging.Taking digital ancient books of TCM as the object,it systematically reveals the content of TCM knowledge,which is an essential indexing processing standard for building an intelligent retrieval system for TCM ancient books,and can provide support for the deep development and innovative utilization of TCM knowledge.It can not only promote the co-construction and sharing of ancient book resources in the TCM industry,but also promote the standardization construction and application of TCM information.This standard specifies the principles,methods,and examples of free indexing of digital ancient books of TCM based on their original content.It is applicable to the indexing and processing of digital ancient books of TCM for TCM professional libraries and related institutions,and to the data processing and construction of various types of TCM ancient book databases.

Objective To explore the application of Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)cycle management to continuously im-prove the service quality of outpatient pharmacy and enhance patient satisfaction.Methods To address the problem of long wait-ing time for patients in outpatient pharmacy,we applied PDCA cycle to investigate the factors affecting patients'waiting time in the process of medicine collection,analyze the current situation,determine the expected goals,formulate the service quality im-provement plan of outpatient pharmacy,implement the improvement plan,follow up and supervise,and summarize and analyse the problems regularly until it was solved.Results After implementing the PDCA cycle in the management,the service quality of outpatient pharmacy was improved,the waiting time was significantly shortened and the satisfaction of medical treatment was in-creased.Conclusion The application of PDCA cycle method is effective in improving the service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Therefore,it is recommended for broader implementation.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein ORF7a mediating NF-κB activation and thus inducing inflammatory cytokines production.Methods:Effects of ORF7a on NF-κB promoter activity was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay.qRT-PCR was used to analyze expressions of inflammatory cytokines.Effects of ORF7a on phos-phorylation and nuclear-translocation of p65 were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay were performed to investigate potential target s of ORF7a.Results:Luciferase reporter assay showed that ORF7a activated NF-κB promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.001),while has no effect on activation of AP-1 reporter gene.ORF7a significantly upregulates expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels(P<0.05).Western blot showed that ORF7a markedly increased phosphorylation of p65 protein(P<0.05)and p65 nuclear localization(P<0.01).The interaction between ORF7a and IKKβ protein of NF-κB signaling pathway was found by immunoprecipitation assay,and the co-localization of ORF7a and IKKβ was also confirmed by immunofluorescence assay.Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a targets IKKβ to promote active NF-κB pathway to the release of inflammatory cytokines.