Background: The relationship between alcohol consumption and sleep disorders is a complex issue. Although alcohol has a sedative effect in small doses, this effect diminishes when alcohol consumption exceeds an average of 7 grams per hour. Aim: To assess the sleep quality of individuals dependent on alcohol. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was conducted using a survey-based research design. A total of 120 men participated in the study, including 60 alcohol-dependent individuals and 60 in the control group without alcohol dependence. The study utilized demographic questionnaires, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to determine the level of alcohol dependence. Results: The average age of alcohol-dependent participants was 45.3±42.4 years, while the control group had an average age of 42.4±5.1 years. The AUDIT score for the alcohol-dependent group was 25.6±9.8, indicating a high level of dependence, whereas the control group scored 7.2±3.2, suggesting low consumption levels. This difference was statistically significant (t=3.98, p=0.001). In the alcohol-dependent group, sleep latency was prolonged (p=0.042), sleep efficiency scores were lower (p=0.012), and sleep disturbances were more frequent (p=0.039) compared to the control group. The overall PSQI score was 9.82±2.8 for the alcohol-dependent group, whereas it was 4.1±1.2 for the control group. A correlation analysis revealed that poor subjective sleep quality (p=0.023), sleep latency of more than 30 minutes (p=0.012), sleep efficiency below 75% (p=0.021), and sleep disturbances (p=0.019) were significantly associated with higher AUDIT scores. Conclusion Alcohol dependence negatively affects sleep quality, particularly in terms of subjective sleep perception, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency, leading to sleep disorders.

Background: Vulnerable populations at risk of micronutrient deficiencies include children and women, especially pregnant women, lactating mothers, infants and young children. According to WHO guidelines, a population with a micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiency of more than 20% is considered a public health problem.
Although Mongolia has made significant progress in improving the nutritional status of the population, especially children and women, the 2024 VI survey found that micronutrient deficiencies are high among pregnant women.
The MMS (Multi-ingredient Micronutrient Supplement) distributed to pregnant women by soum and household health centers contains all the essential vitamins and minerals for pregnant women, but coverage has remained inadequate for more than 10 years. Goal: To establish the prevalence of micronutrients deficiency in pregnant women Materials and Methods: Totally 2796 pregnant women included in cross-sectional study from urban and rural area. Survey procedures consisted of interview, anthropometric measurements, clinical examinations, and the collection of biological (blood and urine) samples for pregnant women. Micronutrient deficiencies were assessed by tests for hemoglobin, serum, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), 25-hydroxyvitamin D {25(ОН)D}, spot urine samples for determination of urinary iodine concentration. Statistical processing : The data from the survey questionnaires were entered into a database created in the “EpiData 3.1” software environment. The data created and verified in the EpiData software environment were converted to the “SPSS–25” program, and statistical analysis was also performed using the SPSS-25 program. The results table was prepared using Microsoft Word 2021 and Microsoft Excel 2021 programs. Research ethics: The research methodology was discussed at the meeting of the Medical Ethics Review Committee under the Ministry of Health on 2023.03.27 (23/017), and permission to conduct the study was obtained Result : The prevalence of anemia, as measured by hemoglobin, was 22.3% and the iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as measured by adjusted serum ferritin or soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was (39.8%/9.0%). Prevalence of iron deficiency as measured by serum ferritin was also highest in Western 41.9% and lowest in Khangai region 40.2% (P<0.01). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women was high at 92.5%, and 7.5% of all pregnant women had adequate vitamin D status. The median concentration of 76.4µg/l indicates inadequate iodine status in pregnant women, as the desired range for adequate iodine nutrition in pregnancy 150-249 µg/l. Conclusions 1. 22.3 percent of pregnant women are anemic, and the prevalence of anemia has not decreased from 2017 levels and remains common.
2. The prevalence of iron deficiency (as measured by ferritin levels) was 39.8 μg/L and the soluble transferrin receptor level was 9.0 μg/L, which is higher than previous studies.
3. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women remains common, with 76.6% having severe or moderate deficiency, and 15.9% having mild deficiency.

Background: Men’s health is a vulnerable associated with higher risk behaviors and is less considered to their health compared to women. According to NSO, of the total population, 49.3 percent were males and 50.7 percent were females in Mongolia. There is a difference in average life expectancy between man and woman, and males live in average eight years (9.2) fewer compared to females. Objective: To determine nutrition status among men aged 15-49 in Mongolia Materials and Methods: The target population was divided into 5 strata based on Mongolia’s socio-economic regions and Ulaanbaatar City. 1950 men aged 15-49 were randomly selected. The confidence interval was set at 95%, with a precision of ±5% or less for all indicators. The sample size was sufficient to obtain representative data on the nutrition status of men at the national level and to calculated using WHO recommendation for adults. Ethics consideration: The survey methodology was discussed at the Scientific committee of National Center for Public Health, on February 6, 2023. Ethics approval was obtained from Medical Ethics Review Committee under the Ministry of Health on March 27, 2023. All participants were participated voluntarily and written informed consent were obtained from participants. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among men was 57.4%, with 17.0% classified as obese. Overweight and obesity rates were highest in men aged 30-39 years (62.2%) and 40 49 years (64.5%) among other age groups. Conclusion In Mongolia, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among men aged 15–49 increased by 9.4 percentage point to reach 57.4%, since 2017 and 17.0% of men aged 15-49 years are now classified as obese, with biggest increase in age group 20-29. The prevalence of obesity was higher among men in the above-average and affluent groups (20.0% and 20.6%) compared to men aged 15-49 living in the average and below-average income groups (10.8% and 13.1%).
Conclusion: In Mongolia, one in two men age between 15-49 years were overweight and obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increase age between 30-49 years compared with other groups.

PurposeThe aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between cognitive status, depression level,functional status and quality of life in elderly people living at home and in Batsumber.Methods158 voluntary elderly subjects, older than 60 ages were included in the study. The data was obtained byface to face interviews. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic characteristics, administrationof the standardized Mini mental test (SMMT), Geriatric Depression scale (GDS), Lawton instrumentalactivities of daily living (IADL) scale and World health organization Quality of life instrument-olderadults module (WHOQOL-OLD). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software.ResultsThe living at their own home subjects (77.4%) had a high cognitive level and the living in nursing homesubjects (88.2%) low cognitive level. In both groups appeared in high levels of depression. Therewas a positive correlation between IADL, cognitive status and quality of life (p<0.05) and a negativecorrelation between cognitive status, quality of life and depression status.Conclusion: Our results suggest that elderly are more susceptible to the risk of developing psychiatricproblems especially depression. And this study indicated importance of the relationship betweenfunctional level, cognitive status, depression level and quality of life of elderly people living at homeand in Batsumber.

Climate: Studies show that it is get warmer 2.10C in Mongolia in last 40 years. It influences ecology and decreased ecology event, succession action in ecosystem. It is interesting to study how climate change damage animal’s biology and ecology. The survey on changing ecology is rare conducted in Mongolia. Year average air temperature in Govi-Altai province got warmer 1.20C in last 30 years. Monitoring agency for meteorology and environment of Govi-Altai aimag summarized air temperature 1980-2009 (4-9 months) and it is got warmer 2.00C in Tonkhil soum.Plants: According to our research, at the above sea level around 2229-2600m dry steppe, at a.s.l 2601-2800m in steppe and water-meadow steppe at a.s.l 2801m high mountain steppe, zone plants grow. At the report of research for motion and episodic in epicenter of the marmot plague (1987-1991) aspect of plants figure by J.Batbold warm weather influence plants grow at around 100m.Animal spreading: In 1987-1991 M.sibirica spread almost part, S.erythrogenus above sea level 2300m in Ugalz mountains. Places where marmots live don’t have any marmots such as Alagiin hooloi, number of marmot is dramatically decreasing last years. It is related to climate change and hunting. Plants are changed due to influence climate animals in desert, dry steppe spread in Ugalz mountains and above sea level 2550m S.erythrogenus are according to the research, E.luteuse are spreading in front area of the Ugalz mountains, S.erythrogenus are spreading back of the Ugalz mountains.

Background: Mongolia is one of the most influenced countries by non-communicable diseases among developing countries. Non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, diabetes, and injuries have become the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Mongolia.Goal: To assess impact of preventive intervention activities of non-communicable diseases in framework of the Millennium challenge account (MCA) health projectMethods: We conducted 17 focus group discussions (FGD) from March to April 2013 in primary and secondary health care settings, of which six in urban and eleven in rural areas.We identified themes concerning the current situation of NCD related health services from the perspective of health professionals, and insights into institutional and professional experiences related to management, implementation and coordination of the newly implemented MCA-Mongolia NCD prevention and control project.Results: As a result of the health project, NCD related knowledge and skills of health professionals have improved through progressive training, and development of guidelines and manuals. During the project, availability of equipment supplies has improved. Accordingly, medical equipment and laboratory reagents needed for early detection of NCDs were provided to primary and secondary health care settings, despite some challenges in the implementation of the project. As result of theproject implementation, increased public awareness on NCDs, and attitude change were considered as the biggest changes.Conclusion: The health project was considered as successful to provide knowledge on the best practice in NCD prevention.