Objective To analyze the clinical significance of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tests at different head deflection angles in assessing utricle function in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 61 BPPV patients who were treated at the Hearing Impairment and Vertigo Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively included, and 29 healthy adults were selected as controls. SVV tests were performed on all research subjects at different head deflection angles: upright head (0°), left head 45° (L45°), right head 45° (R45°). The test results between the two groups were compared. Results SVV absolute value at R45° in BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＝0.003); there was no significant difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in SVV values at different head deflection angles between the control group and the left BPPV group. SVV absolute value at R45° in right BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.001); there was no statistical difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. Conclusions SVV test can provide subjective information about the utricle, and SVV tests at different head deflection angles can fine-tune evaluate the function of the utricle in BPPV patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on chondrocyte autophagy in rats of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Forty male SPF-grade SD rats were randomized into a blank group, a model group, a suspension group, an acupuncture group, and a combined therapy group, 8 rats in each one. Except the blank group, KOA model was prepared by the injection with papain. The suspension exercise therapy (10 min each time, three times daily), acupuncture (at "Yanglingquan" [GB34], "Zusanli" [ST36], and "Dubi" [ST35] on the right side, 30 min each intervention, once daily) and the combined therapy (the suspension exercise therapy combined with acupuncture) were delivered in the suspension group, the acupuncture group and the combined therapy group, respectively. The intervention of each group was performed continuously for 6 days, and 4 consecutive weeks, at the interval of 1 day. Before and after intervention, Lequesne MG score was assessed in the rats. After intervention, HE staining was adopted to observe the cartilaginous tissue morphology of the right knee joints, and Mankin score was evaluated; the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor neurosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA; the real-time PCR was provided to determine the mRNA expression of collagen protein type Ⅱ(COL2), collagen protein type Ⅹ (COL10), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and autophagy-regulated protein (Beclin-1) in the cartilaginous tissue of the right knee joint; Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) and Beclin-1 in the cartilaginous tissue of the right knee joint. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the rats in the model group showed the higher Lequesne MG score (P<0.01), thinner cartilage of the right knee, reduced chondrocytes and disordered arrangement, and higher Mankin score (P<0.01). Besides, in the model group, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated (P<0.01), the mRNA expression of COL2 and Beclin-1 and the protein expression of Beclin-1 decreased (P<0.01), the mRNA expression of COL10, PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR increased (P<0.01) in the cartilaginous tissue of the right knee joint. Compared with the model group, in the suspension group, the acupuncture group and the combined therapy group, the Lequesne MG scores were reduced (P<0.01), the cartilage of the right knee was thickened, the arrangement of chondrocytes was improved, and the Mankin scores were lower (P<0.01). Besides, in these intervention groups, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced (P<0.01), the mRNA expression of COL2 and Beclin-1 and the protein expression of Beclin-1 increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA expression of COL10, PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the cartilaginous tissue of the right knee joint. When compared with the suspension group and the acupuncture group, in the combined therapy group, the Lequesne MG score was reduced (P<0.01), and the Mankin score was reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). Besides, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced (P<0.05), the mRNA expression of COL2 and Beclin-1 and the protein expression of Beclin-1 increased (P<0.05), the mRNA expression of COL10, PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the cartilaginous tissue of the right knee joint. CONCLUSION Acupuncture can promote cartilage regeneration of knee joint and autophagy in KOA rats, alleviate inflammation, so as to retard cartilage degeneration, which may be possibly associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/physiopathology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Chondrocytes/metabolism* ; Humans ; Autophagy ; Acupuncture Points

The paper reviews the evolution of the theory related to meridians and zangfu organs during the Warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, so as to reveal the rules and value of its development. By analyzing historical documents, especially Zubi Shiyimai Jiujing (Moxibustion Classics of Eleven Meridians of Legs and Arms), Yinyang Shiyimai Jiujing (Moxibustion Classic on Eleven Yin and Yang Meridians), Laoguanshan bamboo medical slips of Han Dynasty and lacquer figure of meridian points, the evolutionary stages, i.e. the germination, development, and maturity of meridian-zangfu theory, are explored. In the time of the Warring States, Qin and Han dynasties, the meridian-zangfu related theory was developed from the germination to the maturity. In the classics of the early time, Zubi Shiyimai Jiujing and Yinyang Shiyimai Jiujing demonstrated the preliminary relationship between meridians and zangfu organs, focusing on the physiological connection and pathogenesis of three yin meridians of foot and zangfu organs. In the literature of Laoguanshan bamboo medical slips of Han Dynasty and lacquer figure of meridian points, the physiological connection between the yin meridians of hand and foot, and five zang organs, as well as the related diseases were further clarified; additionally, the meridian-zangfu theory had been developed in the field of diagnosis and treatment. In the era of Chapter of Meridians in Lingshu (Miraculous Pivot), there were up to 31 descriptions relevant with the connection of meridian distribution and zangfu physiological functions. It marks the construction of the "circular" flow of meridians and the interior-exterior communication of zang and fu organs; and enriches the knowledge in diseases, diagnosis and treatment with meridians and zangfu organs involved. The review on the evolution of the meridian-zangfu theory is conductive to supplementing and improving the development history of this theory of early time, and further recognizing its development rules and value. The maturity of this theoretical system not only links the meridians with the five zang and six fu organs, but also provides an important theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
Meridians ; Humans ; History, Ancient ; China ; History, Medieval ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 16th Century ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history*

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Objective To improve the performance of artificial joint at biological fixed interface by frettingmechanical stimulation. Methods Taking the bonding sample of active rat bone tissues and inactive titanium bead coating as the research object, by using the self-developed fretting mechanical stimulation test device, the effects of mechanical stimulation with different tangential fretting amplitudes on growth promotion and micro-injury of bone tissues at fixed interface were explored, and the mechanism of growth promotion and micro-injury of bonetissues on the surface of titanium bead coating under fretting stimulation was revealed. Results The mechanical stimulation group with 40 μm fretting amplitude showed the maximum interface bonding force between bone tissues and titanium bead coating. The tangential fraction force-displacement curves changed from elliptic shape to linear shape, and the bonding interface was in adhesion area, which was difficult to become loose. The bone tissues had the most complete structure, and the number of tissue cells adhering and growing on the surface of titanium bead coating was the largest, as well as the distribution range was the widest. With the increase of fretting amplitude, the promoting effect of fretting stimulation on bone growth weakened, the bonding strength between bone tissues and titanium bead coating interface gradually decreased, the internal cavity area increased, the number and proliferation activity of tissue cells decreased to varying degrees as well. Conclusions Fretting stimulation with different amplitudes can promote the growth of bone tissue and cause micro-injury at the same time, and the optimal fretting amplitude is 40 μm.

Objective:To analyze the change trends and risk factors of mesothelioma disease burden in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019.Methods:In January 2022, using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study Data, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the change trends of incidence, mortality, disable-adjusted life years (DALY) and premature mortality of mesothelioma residents in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019, and the attribution level of mesothelioma risk factors was estimated by population attributing fraction.Results:The standardized incidence rates of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019 ranged from 0.07/10 5 to 0.09/10 5, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.1% ( t=-13.56, P<0.001). AAPCs in males and females were -0.3% ( t=-2.18, P=0.029) and -1.6% ( t=-11.39, P<0.001), respectively. The standardized mortality rates of mesothelioma ranged from 0.07/10 5 to 0.09/10 5, the AAPC was -1.1% ( t=-12.23, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.6% ( t=-14.09, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-1.83, P=0.068). The premature mortality was 0.004%-0.006%, the AAPC was -1.0% ( t=-4.40, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.7% ( t=-13.72, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-0.68, P=0.495). The standardized DALY rates ranged from 1.86/10 5 to 2.32/10 5, the AAPC was -0.9% ( t=-11.08, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.6% ( t=-11.05, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-0.95, P=0.343). Both the standardized years of life lost (YLL) rate and the standardized years lived with disability (YLD) rate showed a decreasing trend, and the AAPCs were -0.9% ( t=-7.66, P<0.001) and -1.0% ( t=-12.88, P<0.001), respectively. The proportion of YLL in DALY was more than 98.5%. Among the risk factors for mesothelioma burden attribution, the AAPC attributed to occupational asbestos exposure of DALY was 1.4% ( t=3.43, P=0.001). The AAPC of DALY rate of standardized attribution was -1.7% ( t=-12.11, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The overall burden of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province is decreasing, occupational asbestos exposure is still the main risk factor of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province, and early diagnosis and treatment should be strengthened.

Objective:To analyze the change trends and risk factors of mesothelioma disease burden in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019.Methods:In January 2022, using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study Data, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the change trends of incidence, mortality, disable-adjusted life years (DALY) and premature mortality of mesothelioma residents in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019, and the attribution level of mesothelioma risk factors was estimated by population attributing fraction.Results:The standardized incidence rates of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province from 1990 to 2019 ranged from 0.07/10 5 to 0.09/10 5, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -1.1% ( t=-13.56, P<0.001). AAPCs in males and females were -0.3% ( t=-2.18, P=0.029) and -1.6% ( t=-11.39, P<0.001), respectively. The standardized mortality rates of mesothelioma ranged from 0.07/10 5 to 0.09/10 5, the AAPC was -1.1% ( t=-12.23, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.6% ( t=-14.09, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-1.83, P=0.068). The premature mortality was 0.004%-0.006%, the AAPC was -1.0% ( t=-4.40, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.7% ( t=-13.72, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-0.68, P=0.495). The standardized DALY rates ranged from 1.86/10 5 to 2.32/10 5, the AAPC was -0.9% ( t=-11.08, P<0.001), AAPC was -1.6% ( t=-11.05, P<0.001) for females, and there was no significant change in males ( t=-0.95, P=0.343). Both the standardized years of life lost (YLL) rate and the standardized years lived with disability (YLD) rate showed a decreasing trend, and the AAPCs were -0.9% ( t=-7.66, P<0.001) and -1.0% ( t=-12.88, P<0.001), respectively. The proportion of YLL in DALY was more than 98.5%. Among the risk factors for mesothelioma burden attribution, the AAPC attributed to occupational asbestos exposure of DALY was 1.4% ( t=3.43, P=0.001). The AAPC of DALY rate of standardized attribution was -1.7% ( t=-12.11, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The overall burden of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province is decreasing, occupational asbestos exposure is still the main risk factor of mesothelioma in Jiangsu Province, and early diagnosis and treatment should be strengthened.

Objective : To investigate the effect of lentivirus mediated silencing of NIPBL gene on osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs) . Methods : The third generation C57 Mouse Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were divided into experimental group , negative control group and blank control group. The lentiviral vector was transfected into mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells , the transfection results were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope , and the expression of NIPBL gene was detected by real- time PCR. The cells of each group were cultured by osteogenic induction. The alkaline phosphatase activity was 2 and RUNX⁃2. Results : The expression of NIPBL mRNA decreased in the experimental group (P < 0. 05) . The activity of alkaline phosphatase in experimental group was lower than that in negative control group and blank control group (P < 0. 05) . The gene transcription and protein expression levels of OCN, BMP⁃2 and Runx⁃2 in experimental group were lower than those in negative control group and blank control group ( P < 0. 05 ) . Alizarin red staining results showed that the negative control group and blank control group had more red calcium nodules than the experimental group. Conclusion Lentivirus mediated silencing of NIPBL gene reduces the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells , inhibits the expression of osteogenic differentiation related genes , and reduces the osteogenic differentiation ability.

Cellular senescence is a biological process associated with the degeneration of cell structure and function, which contribute to age-related diseases. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause a variety of cardiovascular disorders. In this article, we review the effects of cellular senescence on the development of atherosclerosis through diverse physiopathological changes, focusing on the alterations in senescent organelles and the increased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and exploring the relevant therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis by clearing senescent cells and reducing SASP, to provide new insights for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Aging ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cellular Senescence ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype

The main ingredients of Ophiopogonjaponicas include steroidal saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides,and so on,but the research on polysaccharides is relatively less.This particle will mainly review the chemical composition,analytical methods,and pharmacological effects of Ophiopogon polysaccharides.The Ophiopogon polysaccharides contain a variety of substances,such as MDG-1,Md-1,Md-2,OJP-1,etc;The main analysis methods were sulfuric acid method,phenol-sulfuric acid method,3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method,and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression method.Ophiopogon polysaccharides can effectively improve the cardiovascular system diseases,with antihypoxia,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,anti-oxidation,and other pharmacological effects.