OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of galangin on rheumatoid arthritis （RA） in rats by regulating the Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） pathway. METHODS Fifty male SD rats were taken， and an emulsion composed of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund’s complete adjuvant was injected subcutaneously to establish an induced arthritis model. The rats that were successfully modeled were randomly divided into model group， low， medium and high dose groups of galangin （1， 5， 15 mg/kg）， and methotrexate group （positive control， 2 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Another 10 normal rats were taken as the normal group. Starting from the 15th day of modeling， each group of rats was gavaged with the corresponding drug solution or normal saline containing 0.5% Tween 80 once a day for 28 consecutive days. The arthritis index （AI） scores and paw volume of rats were compared before and after gavage administration. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， the serum levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-4 and IL-10 were determined， the pathological changes in ankle joint synovial tissue were observed， and the protein expressions of UNC-51 like kinase 1 （ULK1）， Beclin-1， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3）， B cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， caspase-3， JAK3， phosphorylated JAK3 （p-JAK3）， STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） in the synovial tissue of the ankle joint were detected， as well as the fluorescence intensity of LC3-positive areas. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the pathological changes such as cellular proliferation of ankle joint synovial tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in rats of each administration group showed improvement. Moreover， their AI scores and paw pad volumes （on day 28 after gavage）， the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α， the protein expression of Bcl-2， and the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10， the protein expressions of ULK1， Beclin-1， Bax， caspase-3 and LC3， as well as the fluorescence intensity of LC3-positive areas， were all significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Moreover， the effect of galangin was in a dose-dependent manner （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Galangin can induce sustained autophagy in synovial tissue cells of RA rats， promote cell apoptosis， inhibit synovial cell proliferation， and alleviate persistent inflammatory responses. The above anti-RA effects may be related to the inhibition of the JAK3/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of NFE2L2/KEAP1 in alveolar bone repair induced by periodontitis.Methods A rat periodontitis model was established and divided into four groups:Control group(n=6);Periodontitis model group(n=6);Periodontitis+lentivirus empty vector group(n=6);Periodontitis+NFE2L2 overexpression plasmid group(n=6).Histopathological changes in each group were observed using HE staining.TRAP staining was used to detect osteoclast positivity,while ELISA was employed to measure inflammatory cytokine levels in tissues.Immunofluorescence and qPCR were used to detect NFE2L2 expression,and western blot was used to assess the expression of osteogenic proteins ALPL2,RUNX2,and COL1.Primary periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs)were cultured,and cells were transfected to overexpress NFE2L2 and KEAP1.The cells were divided into six groups:Normal group;Model group;pcDNA-NC group;pcDNA-NFE2L2 group;pc-NFE2L2+pcDNA-NC group;pc-NFE2L2+pcDNA-KEAP1 group.A cellular model was established,and the morphology of primary hPDLCs was observed under a microscope.Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8.Osteogenic mineralization was observed using alizarin red staining,and western blot was used to detect osteogenic proteins and autophagy markers.Cell migration was observed using a scratch assay.Results(1)After model induction,redness,swelling of the gums,extensive inflammatory infiltration,and alveolar bone resorption were observed,confirming successful model establishment.Partial tissue recovery occurred after NFE2L2 overexpression via lentivirus.(2)After model induction,osteoclast positivity increased,confirming successful model establishment.Overexpression of NFE2L2 reduced osteoclast positivity(P<0.001).(3)After model induction,levels of IL-1β,IL-10,and TNF-α were significantly higher than in the normal group(P<0.05),confirming successful model establishment.Transfection with NFE2L2 lentivirus reduced inflammatory cytokine levels(P<0.0001).After model induction,osteogenic protein expression decreased compared to the normal group,but overexpression of NFE2L2 increased osteogenic protein expression(P<0.05).(5)LPS treatment significantly reduced cell viability,while NFE2L2 overexpression enhanced it(P<0.0001).(6)LPS treatment reduced calcified nodules,while NFE2L2 overexpression increased them.Addition of pcDNA-KEAP1 reduced mineralized nodules.(7)LPS treatment decreased osteogenic protein expression,while NFE2L2 overexpression increased it.However,addition of pcDNA-KEAP1 reduced osteogenic protein expression(P<0.05).(8)LPS treatment reduced cell migration,whereas NFE2L2 overexpression enhanced it(P<0.0001).(9)Expression of autophagy markers decreased after LPS treatment,but increased after transfection with NFE2L2 plasmid.However,addition of pcDNA-KEAP1 reduced the expression of autophagy markers(P<0.05).Conclusion This study identified the regulatory role of NFE2L2/KEAP1 in periodontitis,providing a scientific basis for the treatment of periodontitis.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

Objective To design a custom 3D printed monoblock acetabular implant for reconstructing PaproskyⅢA acetabular bone defects and to analyze the stress distribution,displacement,and clinical reliability of the implant and surrounding bone using finite element analysis(FEA).Methods Bilateral hip computed tomography(CT)data of a patient with PaproskyⅢA acetabular bone defects were collected.Models were developed and analyzed using Mimics Medical 21.0,Geomagic Wrap 2021,Solidworks 2023,and ANSYS Workbench 2022 R1 softwares.The biomechanical performance of the custom 3D printed monoblock acetabular implant was simulated under a single-leg stance condition.Results The peak von Mises stress of the hip components was observed at the femoral stem,measuring 67.318 MPa.For the custom 3D printeded monoblock acetabular implant,the peak stress was located at the anterosuperior contact area between the implant and acetabular bone,measuring 6.935 MPa.The femoral stem exhibited a peak stress of 67.318 MPa at its junction with the femoral head.The liner's peak stress was 1.333 MPa near the fixation of screw 9 at the superior part of the acetabular cup.The screws showed a peak stress of 2.215 MPa at the junction with the implant.For the cortical bone,the peak stress was 9.844 MPa at the distal femur,while the cancellous bone exhibited a peak stress of 0.701 MPa at its distal connection with the femoral stem.The pelvic bone's peak stress was 8.002 MPa at the anterior transition zone between the normal acetabulum and the defect.The peak micromotion of the custom 3D printed monoblock acetabular implant at its posterosuperior area,measuring 0.114 mm.The femoral stem and head exhibited a peak micromotion of 0.132 mm at the contact interface with the acetabular liner.The micromotion range at the implant-acetabular bone interface was 0.098 mm to 0.131 mm.Conclusion Under a simulated single-leg stance condition,the stress distribution in all components and the acetabular bone surface remains below their respective yield strengths.The micromotion threshold between the acetabular cup and acetabular bone is within acceptable limits.Biomechanical analysis indicates that the patient can perform early weight-bearing rehabilitation postoperatively.However,walking or jogging rehabilitation should be approached with caution.

Objective To compare and analyze the application value of brain black blood technology three-dimensional BrainVIEW(3D-BrainVIEW)and conventional three-dimensional turbo field echo T1 weighted imaging(3D-TFE T1WI)in brain metastases of lung cancer.Methods A total of 60 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer were selected.All patients underwent brain enhanced MRI using 3D-BrainVIEW and 3D-TFE T1WI.The signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the two groups were compared and analyzed,respectively.The diagnostic efficacy(including number,size,and location)of the two groups of images in detecting brain metastases was evaluated by two experienced radiologists via double-blind method.Results The diagnostic consistency between the two radiologists was excellent[intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)=0.998,P<0.001].There were significant differences in SNR,CNR,and the number and location of brain metastases between 3D-BrainVIEW sequence and 3D-TFE T1WI sequence(P<0.05),and 3D-BrainVIEW sequence was significantly superior to 3D-TFE T1WI sequence.In addition,the number of brain metastases detected by 3D-Brain VIEW sequence was significantly higher than that detected by 3D-TFE T1WI sequence in lesions with minimum diameter(Dmin)<5 mm(P<0.001).There was no difference in the number of lesions detected by the two sequences in lesions with Dmin>5 mm(P>0.05).Conclusion The SNR and CNR of 3D-Brain VIEW enhanced scan images are significantly higher than those of 3D-TFE T1WI,which has higher detection efficiency for lung cancer brain metastases,and can effectively reduce misdiagnosis caused by microvascular enhance-ment,which has high clinical application value.

Objective To study the action of Sijunzi decoction preventing disuse atrophy and its mechanism on the pathway of muscle stem cell(MuSC)/myonuclear domain(MND)based on the theory of sedentary behavior damaging muscle.Methods 40 male rats were randomly divided into the normal group,tail hanging group(model group),tail hanging+exercise group(exercise group),tail hanging+distilled water group(DW group),tail hanging+sijunzi decoction(Chinese medicine(CM)group);grip strength of limbs was measured by Grip Strength Meter for rats and mice;the wet weight of quadriceps femoris(QF)was measured by electronic scales;concentrations of actin and myosin were detected by ELISA;the cross section area(CSA)and myonuclear numbers were detected with Image Pro 6.0,and then MNDs were calculated;the expressions of pair box gene 7(Pax7)and myogenic differentiation antigen(MyoD)were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with those in the normal group,grip strength,QF wet weight,the myosin concentration,the CSA and MND in the model and DW groups were all decreased,the numbers of Pax7 were increased significantly;compared with those in the model and distilled water groups,grip strength,QF wet weight,the myosin level,CSA and myonuclear numbers in the exercise group and CM groups were increased,and the numbers of Pax7 and MyoD positive cells were increased,markedly,however the number of Pax7 positive cells in the exercise group was more than that in the CM group significantly.Conclusion Sijunzi decoction can prevent disuse atrophy and its possible mechanism is related to the activation the MuSC/MND pathway.

Objective To study the action of Sijunzi decoction preventing disuse atrophy and its mechanism on the pathway of muscle stem cell(MuSC)/myonuclear domain(MND)based on the theory of sedentary behavior damaging muscle.Methods 40 male rats were randomly divided into the normal group,tail hanging group(model group),tail hanging+exercise group(exercise group),tail hanging+distilled water group(DW group),tail hanging+sijunzi decoction(Chinese medicine(CM)group);grip strength of limbs was measured by Grip Strength Meter for rats and mice;the wet weight of quadriceps femoris(QF)was measured by electronic scales;concentrations of actin and myosin were detected by ELISA;the cross section area(CSA)and myonuclear numbers were detected with Image Pro 6.0,and then MNDs were calculated;the expressions of pair box gene 7(Pax7)and myogenic differentiation antigen(MyoD)were detected by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with those in the normal group,grip strength,QF wet weight,the myosin concentration,the CSA and MND in the model and DW groups were all decreased,the numbers of Pax7 were increased significantly;compared with those in the model and distilled water groups,grip strength,QF wet weight,the myosin level,CSA and myonuclear numbers in the exercise group and CM groups were increased,and the numbers of Pax7 and MyoD positive cells were increased,markedly,however the number of Pax7 positive cells in the exercise group was more than that in the CM group significantly.Conclusion Sijunzi decoction can prevent disuse atrophy and its possible mechanism is related to the activation the MuSC/MND pathway.

Objective:To make an individual phantom that was printed by using three dimension(3D)technique,which could reflect the real situation of patient,and to analyze the computed tomography(CT)value and dose distribution of radiotherapy on each organ of the inside of the 3D-printed individual phantom.Methods:According to the localization of CT image of the patient,the empty shell of 3D structure of each organ were reconstructed and printed by using 3D technique.The CT value was used as basis to select the equivalent material of each organ to perform fill,which could obtain the individual phantom of chest that could appear the structural characteristics of patient.The treatment plan of patients were included in treatment plan group,and the plans which were transplanted to 3D-printed individual phantom from treatment plan of patients were included in phantom plan group.The dosimetric parameters of the plans of two groups were compared.Results:The average CT values of left and right lung,soft tissue,cancellous bone,compact bone and heart of the phantom plan group were respectively-709,-737,14,144,760 and 28 HU.The errors of the all CT values between phantom images and located images of patients were less than 16.7%.The exposure doses of normal tissues of radiotherapy plans on the images of two groups could meet the clinical requirements.The minimum dose(Dmin),mean dose(Dmean),the corresponding doses of 98%,50% and 2% target volumes(D98%,D50% and D2%),conformity index(CI),homogeneity index(HI),monitor unit(MU)of dosimetric parameters of the target region could meet the clinical requirements without statistically significant differences.There was significant differences in the maximum dose(Dmax)of the target region(t=2.678,P＜0.05).Among of these Dmax values,the Dmax value of phantom plan group was larger,which was(56.97±0.32)Gy.Conclusion:The CT value,tissue structure and spatial distribution of the phantom,which is finally designed,can emulate the chest of human body in radiotherapy.It has verified the feasibility that 3D-printed phantom is applied in measuring dose in the quality assurance of radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND:Bone mineral density is the clinical gold standard for determining bone strength,but bone mineral density is less sensitive to changes in bone mass,with large changes in bone mineral density only occurring when bone mass is significantly reduced,so bone mineral density has limited ability to predict changes in bone strength and fracture risk. OBJECTIVE:A model of the normal and osteoporotic hip joint was developed to analyze the stresses and deformation in the hip of normal and osteoporotic patients under single-leg standing conditions. METHODS:A healthy adult female volunteer at the age of 36 years was selected as the study subject.The CT data of the hip joint of this volunteer were obtained and saved in DICOM format.The hip joint model was reconstructed in three dimensions,and the material properties were assigned by the gray value assignment method to obtain the normal and osteoporotic hip joint models according to the empirical formula.The same boundary conditions and loads were set to simulate the stresses and deformation in the normal and osteoporotic hip joints in the single-leg standing position. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the finite element model of the normal and osteoporotic hip,the stress distribution was more concentrated in the medial region of the femoral neck.(2)In the hip bone,the stress distribution was mainly concentrated in the upper part of the acetabulum.(3)The stress peaks in the medial femoral neck and upper acetabulum were larger in the normal hip model than in the osteoporotic hip model,probably due to the reduced bone strength of the osteoporotic bone.(4)The peak Von Mises of both normal and osteoporotic hip models were concentrated on the medial femoral neck,and the peak Von Mises of the hip bone was smaller,indicating that the overall effect of osteoporosis on hip bone stresses was relatively small.(5)In terms of deformation in the single-leg standing position,the maximum deformation in the normal hip model was located at the acetabulum and femoral head,and the maximum deformation was located at the upper part of the greater trochanter of the femur.(6)It is suggested that the finite element analysis method to model the values of parameters related to bone tissue in osteoporosis may improve clinical prediction of bone strength changes and fracture risk.It is explained from the biomechanical view that the intertrochanteric femur and femoral neck are good sites for osteoporotic hip fractures.

Objective To assess the viability and efficacy of employing automated segmentation for whole breast radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost to the medial tumor beds,a comparative analysis was conducted on the disparities in geometry,dosimetry,and working time between the auto-segmentation(AS)and manual segmentation(MS)groups.Methods A total of 30 patients with early breast cancer,who had undergone conserving surgery and received hypofractionated radiotherapy with a boost to the medial tumor bed,were enrolled from the First People's Hospital of Zunyi.AccuContour software was used in the AS group to obtain the whole breast planning target volume and cardiopulmonary structure.Geometric differences between AS and MS groups were assessed using Dice similarity coefficient(DSC)and 95%Hausdorff distance(95HD).Subsequently,a comparison was made between the two groups regarding target and cardiopulmonary dosimetry for PlanA and PlanM.Additionally,the time spent by each group was also compared.Results The DSC of PGTV,PTV,lung,and heart were 0.94(0.91,0.96),0.88(0.86,0.91),0.98(0.97,0.98)and 0.94(0.93,0.95),respectively.And the 95 HD(cm)were 0.25(0.20,0.33),0.99(0.56,1.20),0.29(0.25,0.35)and 0.50(0.50,0.59)respectively.The dosimetric results showed that the V95,D95,and Dmean of PGTV and PTV in the AS group were significantly lower than those in the MS group(P<0.05);while the V20 and MLD of the left lung were significantly higher(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in cardiac dose between the two groups.The mean absolute differences of PGTV and cardiopulmonary dose parameters between the two groups were less than 1 Gy/1%,respec-tively.In terms of work efficiency,the AS approach substantially reduced contouring and planning time with over 70%of cases approved within two days.Conclusions The differences in geometric and dosimetric parameters between the auto-segmentation and manual segmentation groups were found to be negligible for whole breast radiotherapy with medial tumor bed boost patients.It is recommended that the PTV be manually modified prior to plan optimiza-tion,leading to a significant improvement in work efficiency.