ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) combined regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province from 2022 to 2024, to analyze the characteristics of treatment failure patients, so as to provide a basis for discovering more effective treatment regimens in the future. MethodsData on HCV prevention and treatment in Dehong Prefecture was extracted from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. A total of 617 patients with HCV antiviral therapy were included, and the differences in variable characteristics among patients with different genotypes were analyzed using comparative statistical tests, including basic socio-demographic characteristics, biochemical testing indicators, and information on previous treatment and current treatment. In addition, the cure rate of HCV patients with diverse characteristics was compared, and the potential causes of treatment failure were explored simultaneously. ResultsThe cure rate of HCV was 96.8%, and statistically significant differences were observed in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, previous antiviral therapy history and initial treatment regimens among patients with different HCV genotypes (all P<0.05). Among the multi-type combination regimens, the cure rate of sofosbuvir (SOF)-containing regimens was 97.00%, that of velpatasvir (VEL)-containing regimens was 95.45%, and the cure rate of other treatment regimens, including the regimens with ribavirin (RIB) intervention, was 93.10%. Among the patients with treatment failure, 45.00% had genotype 3, 40.00% had abnormal abdominal ultrasound results, and all presented with elevated baseline AST test levels. ConclusionThe clinical treatment of HCV patients should consider the differences in genotype and biochemical test results. DAAs combined regimens for HCV have achieved a high cure rate in Dehong Prefecture and are applicable to HCV patients with diverse clinical characteristics, providing research evidence for wider application.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) and the transmission clusters associated with PDR-related mutations in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients between 2020 and 2023 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China. METHODS: Demographic information and plasma samples were collected from study participants. PDR was assessed using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. The Tamura-Nei 93 model within HIV-TRACE was employed to compute pairwise matches with a genetic distance of 0.015 substitutions per site. RESULTS: Among 948 treatment-naive individuals with eligible sequences, 36 HIV subtypes were identified, with unique recombinant forms (URFs) being the most prevalent (18.8%, 178/948). The overall prevalence of PDR was 12.4% (118/948), and resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) was 10.7%, 1.3%, and 1.6%, respectively. A total of 91 clusters were identified, among which eight showed evidence of PDR strain transmission. The largest PDR-associated cluster consisted of six CRF01_AE drug-resistant strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations; five of these individuals had initial CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/μL. CONCLUSION The distribution of HIV subtypes in Dehong is diverse and complex. PDR was moderately prevalent (12.4%) between 2020 and 2023. Evidence of transmission of CRF01_AE strains carrying K103N and V179T mutations was found. Routine surveillance of PDR and the strengthening of control measures are essential to limit the spread of drug-resistance HIV strains.
Humans ; HIV Infections/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Myanmar/epidemiology* ; Young Adult ; Prevalence ; Adolescent ; Mutation

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, significantly increasing the risk of fragility fractures. With aging global populations, osteoporotic fractures impose a substantial healthcare burden. Strategy of risk-based tiered treatment optimizes cost-effectiveness. Current mainstream tools for fracture risk assessment integrate multiple risk parameters to estimate fracture probability over 5 to 10 years. However, these tools exhibit such limitations as long prediction intervals, insensitivity to temporal dynamics in fracture risk, and difficulties in accurate assessment of short-term (12 to 24 months) fracture risk and treatment response. Imminent fracture risk models address these shortcomings by incorporating time-sensitive indicators such as fractures, fall events, bone mineral density, and imaging findings. They identify the high-risk window for an imminent fracture, enhance precision in recognizing high-risk individuals, and facilitate personalized intervention strategies, thereby offering greater clinical utility. This article reviews the current researches in imminent fracture risk assessment models for osteoporosis and discusses their future developments in association with the recent research findings by our team.

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, significantly increasing the risk of fragility fractures. With aging global populations, osteoporotic fractures impose a substantial healthcare burden. Strategy of risk-based tiered treatment optimizes cost-effectiveness. Current mainstream tools for fracture risk assessment integrate multiple risk parameters to estimate fracture probability over 5 to 10 years. However, these tools exhibit such limitations as long prediction intervals, insensitivity to temporal dynamics in fracture risk, and difficulties in accurate assessment of short-term (12 to 24 months) fracture risk and treatment response. Imminent fracture risk models address these shortcomings by incorporating time-sensitive indicators such as fractures, fall events, bone mineral density, and imaging findings. They identify the high-risk window for an imminent fracture, enhance precision in recognizing high-risk individuals, and facilitate personalized intervention strategies, thereby offering greater clinical utility. This article reviews the current researches in imminent fracture risk assessment models for osteoporosis and discusses their future developments in association with the recent research findings by our team.

The incidence of intracranial aneurysms is high, which is the first cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. The preparation of animal models for intracranial aneurysms is becoming increasingly mature, and has played an important role in research fields of etiology and intervention materials for intracranial aneurysms. This article reviews preparation methods and animal selection of animal model for intracranial aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of multimorbidity among the HIV-infected individuals receiving anti-viral therapy (ART) in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference for the long-term follow-up management of HIV-infected patients and the comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the multimorbidity burden among the HIV-infected adults receiving ART in Dehong Prefecture from January to July 2021 and a self-designed questionnaire was used to analyze relevant disease indicators. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of multimorbidity among the HIV-infected individuals. ResultsA total of 3 946 HIV-infected individuals receiving ART were enrolled in this study, of which 63.7% aged ≤50 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.1∶1. Among the 3 946 cases, 825 of them had ≥2 comorbidities, with a co-prevalence rate of 20.9% (95%CI:19.6%‒22.2%), and the main comorbidities were dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 40≤ aged <50 years (aOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.45‒2.40, P<0.001), 50≤ aged ≤85 years (aOR=3.75, 95%CI: 2.93‒4.80, P<0.001), Dai nationality (aOR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.01‒1.47, P=0.043), BMI≥24.0 kg∙m^-2 (aOR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.49‒2.14, P<0.001), 10.0≤ with ART duration for <12.5 years (aOR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.05‒2.12, P=0.024), with ART duration for ≥12.5 years (aOR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.05‒2.15, P=0.026), use of second-line HIV therapy (aOR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.19‒1.70, P<0.001) and other therapy options (aOR=3.16, 95%CI: 2.17‒4.61, P<0.001) were positively correlated with multimorbidity. ConclusionThe prevalence of multimorbidity among the HIV-infected individuals receiving ART in Dehong Prefecture is high, which is associated with the advancing age and prolonged treatment time, particularly with a significant burden of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Comprehensive surveillance and targeted management of comorbidities, along with ART follow-up, need to be strengthened in the future.

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is mostly single in basal ganglia, thalamus and pons. Simultaneous hemorrhage in other brain regions is relatively rare, accounting for only 5.6% of all hemorrhagic strokes, while bilateral symmetrical hemorrhage is extremely rare. A case of bilateral basal ganglia symmetrical hemorrhage is reported for clinical reference.

The number of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) patients in China is increasing, and patients tend to be younger and younger. The former "gold standard" scheme of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is more suitable for patients with prostate volume ranging from 40 mL to 80 mL, which may lead to excessive resection in patients with small prostate volume and low efficiency in patients with large prostate volume. New minimally invasive techniques have been introduced,including prostate artery embolization, laser surgery (such as holmium, green, diode, and thulium), minimally invasive simple prostatectomy, transperineal laser ablation, prostatic urethral lift,and robot-assisted water jet ablation of the prostate. These methods are alternatives to TURP and increasingly used in the treatment of BPO. This article reviewed the advances in minimally invasive treatment of BPO.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancers in urology,whose pathogenesis is still unclear. Methyltransferase-like 3(METTL3) is the most important part of N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex (m6A MTC),which mediates the methylation of mRNA to regulate the stability and translation process of mRNA. Researches have shown that METTL3 can promote BCa development via AFF4/NF-κB/MYC signaling network,which involves many kinds of signaling molecules. In addition,METTL3 can affect the expressions of AFF4,NF-κB and MYC,so as to affect their downstream signaling pathways and finally promote the malignant progression of tumor.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostatectomy is an important and common problem in male, which can significantly reduce the quality of life. Urethral sling is a promising treatment for male SUI. It is easy to operate and can avoid the insertion of prosthesis, making it highly acceptable to patients. In recent years, with the advancement of technology, several kinds of slings have been put into clinical application and have achieved great outcomes. This article reviews the application of urethral sling in the treatment of SUI after prostatectomy.