OBJECTIVE To determine the contents of 15 components in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from different origins （Citrus aurantium， C. junos， C. aurantium Linn.， C. sinensis Osb.， C. sinensis）， screen differential components， and provide references for the quality evaluation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. METHODS HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of synephrine， N-methyltyramine， 5，7-dihydroxychromone-7-neohesperidoside， neoponcirin， narirutin， naringin， hesperidin， neohesperidin， naringenin， hesperetin， sinensetin， nobiletin， tangeretin， 5-demethylnobiletin， and auraptene in 46 batches of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from different origins. The determination was performed on Waters Symmetry C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min； column temperature was set at 40 ℃ ， detection wavelength was 284 nm， and sample injection volume was 5 μL. The differences between different origins of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus were analyzed by cluster analysis， principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and differential components were screened. RESULTS The linear relationships of the aforementioned 15 components were all good within the tested mass concentration ranges （all r＞0.999 0）. The RSDs for precision， stability （24 h）， and repeatability tests were all less than 2.00%. The average recovery rate ranged from 91.1% to 103.9% （all RSDs＜3.10%）. Cluster analysis， PCA， and OPLS-DA revealed that C. sinensis Osb. and C. sinensis were clustered into one category， while C. aurantium，C. junos and C. aurantium Linn. were clustered into another category. The variable importance projection values for neohesperidin， auraptene， naringin， neoponcirin， tangeretin， hesperidin， sinensetin， and 5，7-dihydroxychromone-7-neohesperidoside were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS In this study， the contents of 15 components in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus from different origins are determined， and 8 differential components， including neohesperidin， auraptene， naringin， and neoponcirin， are screened out.

BACKGROUND:Bone mineral density is the clinical gold standard for determining bone strength,but bone mineral density is less sensitive to changes in bone mass,with large changes in bone mineral density only occurring when bone mass is significantly reduced,so bone mineral density has limited ability to predict changes in bone strength and fracture risk. OBJECTIVE:A model of the normal and osteoporotic hip joint was developed to analyze the stresses and deformation in the hip of normal and osteoporotic patients under single-leg standing conditions. METHODS:A healthy adult female volunteer at the age of 36 years was selected as the study subject.The CT data of the hip joint of this volunteer were obtained and saved in DICOM format.The hip joint model was reconstructed in three dimensions,and the material properties were assigned by the gray value assignment method to obtain the normal and osteoporotic hip joint models according to the empirical formula.The same boundary conditions and loads were set to simulate the stresses and deformation in the normal and osteoporotic hip joints in the single-leg standing position. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the finite element model of the normal and osteoporotic hip,the stress distribution was more concentrated in the medial region of the femoral neck.(2)In the hip bone,the stress distribution was mainly concentrated in the upper part of the acetabulum.(3)The stress peaks in the medial femoral neck and upper acetabulum were larger in the normal hip model than in the osteoporotic hip model,probably due to the reduced bone strength of the osteoporotic bone.(4)The peak Von Mises of both normal and osteoporotic hip models were concentrated on the medial femoral neck,and the peak Von Mises of the hip bone was smaller,indicating that the overall effect of osteoporosis on hip bone stresses was relatively small.(5)In terms of deformation in the single-leg standing position,the maximum deformation in the normal hip model was located at the acetabulum and femoral head,and the maximum deformation was located at the upper part of the greater trochanter of the femur.(6)It is suggested that the finite element analysis method to model the values of parameters related to bone tissue in osteoporosis may improve clinical prediction of bone strength changes and fracture risk.It is explained from the biomechanical view that the intertrochanteric femur and femoral neck are good sites for osteoporotic hip fractures.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Hodgkin lymphoma.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 22 HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma patients in Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from December 2013 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical features, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival analysis.Results:The age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 22 patients was 44 years old (36 years old, 53 years old); 18 cases were male, 4 cases were female; clinical staging was stage Ⅲ in 5 patients and stage Ⅱ in 17 patients. All 22 patients were infected with HIV through sexual transmission, with 10 cases transmitted through man sex with man and 12 cases transmitted through heterosexual transmission. Nine patients were found to be infected with HIV at the time of diagnosis of lymphoma, and 13 patients presented with lymphoma at 22.2 months (12.3 months, 38.4 months) after diagnosis of HIV infection. Of the 22 patients, 3 abandoned treatment; 19 patients were treated with antiretroviral therapy combined with ABVD regimen chemotherapy, 9 patients had complete remission, and 10 patients had partial remission. After follow-up of 46.8 months (24.8 months, 64.5 months), the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 83.9%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 89.5%. Conclusions:HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma exhibits an invasive process in clinical practice, and standardized antiretroviral therapy combined with ABVD regimen chemotherapy can lead to long-term survival for patients.

【Objective】 To explore the relationship of victimization, bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression in adolescents, and to examine the moderating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression, in order to provide basis for intervention. 【Methods】 From January 2019 to July 2020, 1 768 adolescents were selected into this survey, and completed Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Primary and Secondary School Bullying Tolerance Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the 28 General Health questionnaires. 【Results】 Adolescents′ victimization was relatively common and serious, the proportion of verbal bullying, relational bullying, and physical bullying was 57.64% (1 019/1 768), 36.60% (647/1 768), and 22.40% (396/1 768), respectirely. The scores of anxiety and depression of adolescents with different gender (t=2.00), school stage (F=101.38) and academic performance (F=27.91) were statistically significant (P<0.05).Victimization and bullying tolerance had predictive effect on adolescents′ anxiety/depression (β=0.14, 0.13, P<0.01).Positive strategies, negative strategies had significant moderating effects on the relationship between bullying tolerance and anxiety/depression(β=-0.10、0.08, P<0.01).The simple slope analysis showed that at high positive strategy level, bullying tolerance had no significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression (P>0.05), while at a low positive strategy level, bullying tolerance had significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression (β=0.28, P<0.01).At a high negative strategy level, bullying tolerance had a significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression (β=0.25, P<0.01), while at a low negative strategy level, bullying tolerance had no significant predictive effect on anxiety/depression (P>0.05). 【Conclusions】 Victimization and bullying tolerance positively predict adolescent anxiety/depression.High levels of positive and low levels of negative strategies effectively inhibit the risk of anxiety/depression, while low levels of positive and high levels of negative strategies amplify the risk of anxiety/depression.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sijunzi decoction(SJZD)on the expression of inflammatory factors and autophagic proteins in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8(SAMP8)mice and its mechanism.SAMR1 mice were used as control group,and 32 SAMP8 mice were divided into model group,donepezil group,SJZD low and SJZD high dose treatment groups.Y-maze experiment was performed to detect changes in mouse memory function;the expression of NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry;the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 were detected by ELISA;the expression of A[3,caspse-1,beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱproteins in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blotting.Compared with the control group,the model group mice showed a decrease in total number of entries and alternations,an elevation in the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,Aβ protein and caspse-1 protein,and downregulation in the expression of beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ proteins.Both donepezil and SJZD(low-dose group and high-dose group)can reverse these changes in model mice.In conclusion,the mechanism of SJZD in treating Alzheimer's disease may relate to the correction of central hippocampal inflammatory factors and autophagy dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion and modified uterine vascular occlusion on repeat cesarean delivery in patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorders.Methods A total of 97 patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorders who underwent repeat cesarean section at Hefei Maternal and Child Health Hospital between April 2016 and Decem-ber 2022 were included in this study.Among them,the control group consisted of 48 cases who underwent abdominal aortic balloon occlusion before the operation,while the observation group comprised 49 cases who underwent modified uterine vascular occlusion during the operation.Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The number of bilateral uterine artery embolization post-operation and the average hospitalization cost in the observation group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences observed between the two groups regarding average intraoperative blood loss,red blood cell suspension transfusion volume,hysterectomy rate,and bladder rupture rate(P>0.05).Conclusions Both surgical methods effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding in the treatment of repeat cesarean section in patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorders.However,modified uterine vascular occlusion demonstrates no complications related to vascular intervention or X-ray exposure,ensuring high maternal and child safety while significantly reducing hospitalization costs.Therefore,it is highly recommended for clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of 60 kV low-dose scanning technique on chest combined with ClearInfinity deep learning reconstruction algorithm in the diagnosis of pediatric mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods:A total of 132 pediatric patients,who admitted to Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Medical College and were diagnosed as mycoplasma pneumonia,were selected,and all of them underwent computed tomography(CT)scans on chest.They were randomly divided into routine dose group(66 cases),low dose ClearView and ClearInfinity group(66 cases).In the routine dose group,the tube voltage of CT scan on chest was 100 kV,and 50%ClearView iterative algorithm was adopted in this group.The tube voltage of CT scan on chest was 60kV in low dose ClearView and ClearInfinity group,and 50%ClearView iterative algorithm and 50%ClearInfinity deep learning reconstruction algorithm were used respectively to conduct reconstruction.The difference of radiation dose among the three groups was compared.The CT values and standard deviation(SD)values,signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the region of interest(ROI)of the images of 3 groups were measured and calculated.The images were subjectively evaluated by two diagnostic attending physicians with 10 years of work experience,and the Kappa test was adopted to analyze the consistency of the score results.Results:Compared with the routine dose group,the volume CT dose index(CTDIvol)values,dose-length product(DLP)values and effective radiation dose(ED)values of the low dose ClearView group and ClearInfinity group reduced respectively by 87.58%,87.24%and 88.00%,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4 584.07,63.73,61.27,P<0.01).The noise values of left and right lung of the routine dose group were significantly lower than those of the low dose ClearView group,while were significantly higher than those of ClearInfinity group,and the differences were significant(Z=-9.912,-7.013,P<0.01),and the difference of them between low dose ClearView group and ClearInfinity group was significant(Z=-9.912,P<0.01).The SNR and CNR of left and right lung of low dose ClearView group were significantly lower than those of the routine dose group,with statistically significant(t=-34.810,5.522,P<0.01),while these of the low dose ClearInfinity group were significant higher than them of the routine dose group(t=3.544,-8.674,P<0.05),respectively.The two attending physicians had favorable consistency in the subjective evaluation for images(Kappa>0.75,P<0.01).The subjective score of the routine dose group was not significantly different with that of the low dose ClearInfinity group(P>0.05),but was significantly better than that of the low dose ClearView group(Z=-6.425,P<0.01).Conclusion:For pediatric patients with mycoplasma pneumonia,the 60 kV low dose CT on chest combined with ClearInfinity deep learning reconstruction algorithm can ensure image quality on the premise of reducing radiation,which can ensure the diagnostic effect.

Objective: To establish a dynamic syndromic surveillance system in the border areas of Yunnan Province based on information technology, evaluate its effectiveness and timeliness in the response to common communicable disease epidemics and improve the communicable disease prevention and control in border areas. Methods: Three border counties were selected for full coverage as study areas, and dynamic surveillance for 14 symptoms and 6 syndromes were conducted in medical institutions, the daily collection of information about students' school absence in primary schools and febrile illness in inbound people at border ports were conducted in these counties from January 2016 to February 2018 to establish an early warning system based on mobile phone and computer platform for a field experimental study. Results: With syndromes of rash, influenza-like illness and the numbers of primary school absence, the most common communicable disease events, such as hand foot and mouth disease, influenza and chickenpox, can be identified 1-5 days in advance by using EARS-3C and Kulldorff time-space scanning models with high sensitivity and specificity. The system is easy to use with strong security and feasibility. All the information and the warning alerts are released in the form of interactive charts and visual maps, which can facilitate the timely response. Conclusions: This system is highly effective and easy to operate in the detection of possible outbreaks of common communicable diseases in border areas in real time, so the timely and effective intervention can be conducted to reduce the risk of local and cross-border communicable disease outbreaks. It has practical application value.
Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Syndrome ; China ; Cell Phone

OBJECTIVE To establish the method for determination of bile acid active constituents （cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate） in Babao jingfeng powder， and to compare the differences of 3 constituents in Babao jingfeng powder from different manufacturers. METHODS UPLC-MS method was adopted to determine the contents of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate in 9 batches of Babao jingfeng powder from 3 manufacturers. The separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna® C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃ and the sample size was 2 μL. MS system was operated in a negative ion single quadrupole mode， and the m/z of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate were 407.2， 392.2 and 514.2， respectively. With the contents of three components as the index， cluster analysis and principle component analysis were performed on 9 batches of samples. RESULTS The linear ranges of cholic acid， hyodeoxycholic acid and sodium taurocholate were 5.48- 548.40， 5.38-538.40， 4.74-474.05 ng/mL， respectively （r≥ 0.999 3）. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests（24 h） were all lower than or equal to 3.7% （n＝6）， and the average recoveries were 103.3%， 103.3% and 101.6% with RSDs of 3.3%， 3.4%， 4.2% （n＝6）， respectively. The contentsof cholic acid ranged 0.702-1.711 mg/g， those of deoxycholic acid ranged 0.599-2.049 mg/g， and those of sodium taurocholate ranged 0.664-1.752 mg/g in 9 batches of samples. The average content of 3 components in samples from manufacturer A was high， and the difference between batches was the smallest； the average content of 3 components from manufacturer C was the lowest， and the difference between batches was large. Cluster analysis could basically distinguish samples from different manufacturers； cluster analysis was conducted by using the comprehensive score of principal components as an indicator， the results of which were basically consistent with those of cluster analysis for content. CONCLUSIONS The method is established successfully for the content determination of the 3 bile acid active constituents of artificial bezoar in Babao jingfeng powder. The contents of 3 components in Babao jingfeng powder from 3 manufacturers are significantly different.

The number of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) patients in China is increasing, and patients tend to be younger and younger. The former "gold standard" scheme of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is more suitable for patients with prostate volume ranging from 40 mL to 80 mL, which may lead to excessive resection in patients with small prostate volume and low efficiency in patients with large prostate volume. New minimally invasive techniques have been introduced,including prostate artery embolization, laser surgery (such as holmium, green, diode, and thulium), minimally invasive simple prostatectomy, transperineal laser ablation, prostatic urethral lift,and robot-assisted water jet ablation of the prostate. These methods are alternatives to TURP and increasingly used in the treatment of BPO. This article reviewed the advances in minimally invasive treatment of BPO.