Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is highly prevalent and wide-ly distributed,and its harm on pig farming is of great concern,therefore,effective strategies for prevention and control are necessary.In this study,chloroquine(CQ)was selected and its effect and mechanism on replication and proliferation of PHEV were investigated.The results showed that CQ(1-100 mmol/L)inhibits the replication and proliferation of PHEV in a dose-dependent manner and has no cytotoxicity on N2a cells.The production of inflammatory cytokines and activa-tion of NF-κB signaling pathway were both inhibited by CQ concentration at 50 mmol/L in PHEV-infected N2a cells.In conclusion,we confirmed the inhibition of CQ in replication and proliferation of PHEV.It is expected to be applied to the prevention and treatment of PHEV in clinical.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is one of the coronaviruses susceptible to swine populations.The non-structural protein 2(NS2)encoded by its genome is fre-quently deleted during the epidemic transmission of the virus,but its biological significance re-mains unclear.In order to explore the structure and function of the NS2 protein,this study utilized platforms such as ProtParam,TMHMM,NetPhos3.1,and ExPASy to analyze its physicochemical properties,spatial structure,genetic evolution,and post-translational modification characteristics.Meanwhile,the NS2 protein was expressed in eukaryotes and transcriptome sequencing was per-formed to clarify the biological processes it participates in.The results showed that the NS2 protein consists of 233 amino acids,with a molecular weight of 26.735 kDa,and a half-life of approximately 30 hours in mammals.It includes 13 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 1 O-glyco-sylation site,with no signal peptide and strong hydrophilicity.The a-helix accounts for the highest proportion in NS2(43.78％),followed by random coils(36.05％).The homology of the NS2 pro-tein between the epidemic strains PHEV-CC14 and PHEV-JL/2008 in Northeast China is 99.57％.The NS2 protein is widely involved in the regulation of nerve-related functions,such as axon guid-ance and synaptic development.This study preliminarily clarified the biological function of the NS2 protein,providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of PHEV.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is one of the coronaviruses susceptible to swine populations.The non-structural protein 2(NS2)encoded by its genome is fre-quently deleted during the epidemic transmission of the virus,but its biological significance re-mains unclear.In order to explore the structure and function of the NS2 protein,this study utilized platforms such as ProtParam,TMHMM,NetPhos3.1,and ExPASy to analyze its physicochemical properties,spatial structure,genetic evolution,and post-translational modification characteristics.Meanwhile,the NS2 protein was expressed in eukaryotes and transcriptome sequencing was per-formed to clarify the biological processes it participates in.The results showed that the NS2 protein consists of 233 amino acids,with a molecular weight of 26.735 kDa,and a half-life of approximately 30 hours in mammals.It includes 13 phosphorylation sites,2 N-glycosylation sites,and 1 O-glyco-sylation site,with no signal peptide and strong hydrophilicity.The a-helix accounts for the highest proportion in NS2(43.78％),followed by random coils(36.05％).The homology of the NS2 pro-tein between the epidemic strains PHEV-CC14 and PHEV-JL/2008 in Northeast China is 99.57％.The NS2 protein is widely involved in the regulation of nerve-related functions,such as axon guid-ance and synaptic development.This study preliminarily clarified the biological function of the NS2 protein,providing a new perspective for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of PHEV.

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus(PHEV)is highly prevalent and wide-ly distributed,and its harm on pig farming is of great concern,therefore,effective strategies for prevention and control are necessary.In this study,chloroquine(CQ)was selected and its effect and mechanism on replication and proliferation of PHEV were investigated.The results showed that CQ(1-100 mmol/L)inhibits the replication and proliferation of PHEV in a dose-dependent manner and has no cytotoxicity on N2a cells.The production of inflammatory cytokines and activa-tion of NF-κB signaling pathway were both inhibited by CQ concentration at 50 mmol/L in PHEV-infected N2a cells.In conclusion,we confirmed the inhibition of CQ in replication and proliferation of PHEV.It is expected to be applied to the prevention and treatment of PHEV in clinical.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel domestic pulmonary thromoboectomy system Tendvia TM in the treatment for high-risk patients complicated with acute pulmonary embolization (APE). Methods:The study was designed as a prospective single-center clinical trial. Twenty-four high-risk patients with APE were recruited and underwent percutaneous mechanical thromoectomy (PMT) with the Tendvia TM pulmonary thromoboectomy system. The primary efficacy endpoint was the reduction of RV/LV ratio at the post-operative 48 h. The secondary efficacy endpoints included technical success rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), arterial PaO 2 and the instant post-operative thrombus clearance rate. The evaluation of the safety included the intraoperative complications and related complications during the follow-up period associated with the PMT operation and the major adverse event (MAE) rate within the post-operative 48 h. The pre-and post-operative data were compared with paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tendvia TM pulmonary thromoboectomy system. Results:The technical success rate of PMT with Tendvia TM pulmonary thromoboectomy system was 100% (24/24). The 48 h pre-operative RV/LV ratio was 1.19±0.25 and the post-operative RV/LV ratio was 0.82±0.16. The mean RV/LV ratio of the patients was decreased by 0.37±0.25 at post-operative 48 h with significant statistical difference ( t=7.03, P<0.001). The 48 h pre-operative mPAP was (31.09±6.09) mmHg and the post-operative mPAP was (25.91±4.36) mmHg. The mPAP of the patients was reduced by 5.18 mmHg at post-operative 48 h with significant statistical difference ( t=6.73, P<0.001). The pre-operative PaO 2 was (74.66±11.28) mmHg and the post-operative PaO 2 was (88.01±10.57) mmHg. The pressure of oxygen in artery was increased by 13.36 mmHg. The differences were statistically significant( t=-4.08, P<0.001). The rate of thrombus removal was 68.17%±22.66%. 87.5% (21 cases) of patients achieved a thrombus removal greater than grade Ⅱ. One patient underwent catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) after PMT based on the evaluation of operator. The patient′s thrombus removal achieved grade Ⅲ after 48 h and the CDT was ceased. Hemoptysis occurred intra-operatively in one case underwent PMT and the symptom of the patient was alleviated with conservative medication. The MAE incidence within the post-operative 48 h was 4.17% (1/24). No device-related mortality or all-cause mortality occurred in the trial. Conclusions:The Tendvia TM pulmonary thromoboectomy system is a safe and effective device to remove the pulmonary arterial thrombus for the treatment of patients with APE. The Tendvia TM pulmonary thromoboectomy system can be a new choice in the treatment for the patients with APE.

Exoelectrogens are promising for a wide variety of potential applications in the areas of environment and energy, which convert chemical energy from organic matter into electrical energy by extracellular electrons transfer (EET). Microorganisms with different mechanisms and EET efficiencies have been elucidated. However, the practical applications of exoelectrogens are limited by their fundamental features. At present, it is difficult to realize the extensive application of exoelectrogens in complex and diverse environments by means of traditional engineering strategies such as rational design and directed evolution. The exoelectrogens with excellent performance in environments can be screened with efficient strain identification technologies, which promote the widespread applications of exoelectrogens. The aims of this review are to summarize the methods of screening based on different types of exoelectrogens, and to outline future research directions of strain screening.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Electricity ; Electron Transport

To develop a more efficient antithrombotic way after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the anticoagulant effects were compared of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene transfection and aspirin oral administration (traditional method) on vein grafts. An eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI was prepared. Animal model of carotid artery bypass grafting was constructed. In operation, endothelial cells of vein grafts in TFPI group and empty plasmid control group were transfected with pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI and empty plasmid pCMV respectively, while no transfection was conducted in aspirin control group. After operation, aspirin (2 mg.kg(-1).(-1)) was administered (i.g.) in aspirin control group. Three days later, grafts (n=10) were harvested for RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of exogenous gene expression and for pathological, scanning electron microscopic observation of thrombus. Thirty days later, the patency rates of remnant grafts (n=10) were recorded by vessel Doppler ultrasonography. Human TFPI gene products were detected in gene transferred vein grafts. Three days later, thrombi were found in 7 animals of aspirin control group and in 8 animals of empty plasmid control group, but in only 1 of TFPI group (P<0.01). Thirty days later, 5 grafts were occluded in empty plasmid control group, but none of grafts was occluded in the other groups (P<0.05). The endothelial surfaces of grafts in both of the control groups were covered with aggregated erythrocytes and platelets, and it were not seen in TFPI group. It was suggested that the anticoagulant effects on vein grafts of human TFPI gene transfection are better than those of aspirin.
Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/*metabolism ; Aspirin/*administration & dosage ; Aspirin/metabolism ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipoproteins/*metabolism ; Plasmids/metabolism ; Tissue Transplantation/*methods ; Transfection ; Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods ; Veins/*transplantation ; Venous Thrombosis/metabolism

To develop a more efficient antithrombotic way after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the anticoagulant effects were compared of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) gene transfection and aspirin oral administration (traditional method) on vein grafts. An eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI was prepared. Animal model of carotid artery bypass grafting was constructed. In operation, endothelial cells of vein grafts in TFPI group and empty plasmid control group were transfected with pCMV-(Kozak) TFPI and empty plasmid pCMV respectively, while no transfection was conducted in aspirin control group. After operation, aspirin (2 mg·kg-1·d-1) was administered (I.g.) in aspirin control group. Three days later, grafts (n=10) were harvested for RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses of exogenous gone expression and for pathological, scanning electron microscopic observation of thrombus. Thirty days later, the patency rates of remnant grafts (n=10) were recorded by vessel Doppler ultrasonography. Human TFPI gene products were detected in gene transferred vein grafts. Three days later, thrombi were found in 7 animals of aspirin control group and in 8 animals of empty plasmid control group, but in only 1 of TFPI group (P<0.01). Thirty days later, 5 grafts were occluded in empty plasmid control group, but none of grafts was occluded in the other groups (P<0.05). The endothelial surfaces of grafts in both of the control groups were covered with aggregated erythrocytes and platelets, and it were not seen in TFPI group. R was suggested that the anticoagulant effects on vein grafts of human TFPI gene trans- fection are better than those of aspirin.

Object To establish an HPLC method for the determination of dehydroxypresenegenin for the quality control of Polygalae tenuifolia Willd. Methods Dehydroxypresenegenin was separated by ODS column (125 mm ? 4 mm, 5 ?m) with a mobile phase of methanol 0 05% phosphoric acid (74∶26) and detected at a wavelength of 210 nm. Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0 585～11 7 ?g,with a correlation coefficient of 0 999 99 . The average recovery was 99 21% (n=5), and RSD=0 25% (n=5). Conclusion The method is simple and accurate, with good repeatability and can be used for the quality control of Polygalae tenuifolia Willd and compound preparations of Radix Polygalae.