Objective:To investigate the impact of various conditions on the adsorption of quetiapine by activated carbon, establish a method for evaluating the adsorption efficacy of activated carbon on quetiapine, and assess the adsorption effects both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:In vitro experiments involved incubating activated carbon with quetiapine under different conditions, including varying organic solvent contents, types of organic solvents, adsorption temperatures, adsorption times, and pH. After reaching equilibrium, the mixtures were centrifuged, and the supernatants were collected. The concentration of quetiapine in the supernatants was measured using LC-MS/MS, and the adsorption rates were calculated. The log-transformed concentration of activated carbon was used as the independent variable and the adsorption rate as the dependent variable for function fitting using Origin 2021 software. In the in vivo experiments, rats were administered quetiapine orally, followed by 125 mg/mL of activated carbon in the experimental group. Blood samples were collected at multiple time points pre- and post-administration (0.17 h, 0.33 h, 0.50 h, 0.75 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h). Plasma samples were pre-treated and the quetiapine concentrations were determined using LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters for both control and experimental groups were calculated using DAS 2.0 software.Results:The factors such as organic solvent content, type of organic solvent, adsorption temperature, adsorption time, and pH value significantly influenced the adsorption efficiency of quetiapine by activated carbon, leading to the optimization and standardization of the in vitro adsorption methodology. Among the 100 different adsorption function models tested, the Boltzmann function was identified as the most suitable models for describing the adsorption of quetiapine by activated carbon. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the experimental group treated with activated carbon exhibited significantly reduced C max and AUC for quetiapine compared to the control group. Conclusion:The results of both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that activated carbon effectively adsorbs quetiapine, providing a potential method for mitigating quetiapine absorption.

Objective To study the functions and mechanisms of glutamine 1 (GLS1) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cell to 5-fluorouraeil (5-FU) chemosensitivity.Methods The expression and relation between GLS1 and major vault protein (MVP) in cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed by bioinformatics database.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of GLS1 and MVP in 42 ICC tissues,and the correlation between GLS1 and MVP was studied by statistics.The regulation of GLS1 in ICC cell were evaluated by siRNA interference and pcDNA overexpression,and then tested the interference and overexpression efficiency of GLS1 by Western blotting.The chemosensitivity to 5-Fu was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).Results The expression of GLS1 and MVP in ICC tissues was significantly up-regulated (tGLSI =3.963;tMVP =3.131,P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of GLS1 was positively correlated with MVP(r2 =0.351 7,P ＜ 0.05).Knockdown of GLS1 in QBC939 cells enhanced chemosensitivity of QBC939 cells to 5-Fu and notably downregulated MVP expression,while enforced expression of GLS1 in RBE cells promoted MVP expression and reduce cell sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity.Conclusions GLS1 regulates the chemosensitivity of ICC cells to 5-Fu,and its mechanism may relates to the regulation of MVP.