Prostate cancer(PCa)is currently the second most common malignancy in men worldwide,and its incidence rate is on the rise.Most cases of PCa are treated by radical prostatectomy,but with the development of medical imaging and innovation in therapeutic theories and technology,focal therapy has shown better application prospects in the treatment of PCa.Compared with radi-cal prostatectomy,focal therapy yields satisfactory results in terms of effectiveness and reduction of complications in addition to avoid-ance of overtreatment and treatment-related financial burden.This article reviews the strategies of focal therapy for PCa,including cryo-ablation,high-intensity focused ultrasound,irreversible electroporation,and photodynamic therapy,with an analysis of the clinical tri-als in recent years.

Mercury is highly toxic and can be absorbed through skin contact. From December 5, 2020 to February 16, 2021, occupational disease laboratory of the First People's Hospital of Baiyin received 30 urine mercury test samples from a beauty salon in Lanzhou City. The test results showed that 28 samples exceeded the normal value (normal value: 4 μg/g Cr) . 15 patients were treated with sodium dimertopropyl sulfonate for mercury removal and tiopron for liver protection, and the prognosis was good.
Humans ; Mercury/adverse effects* ; Cosmetics/adverse effects* ; Mercury Poisoning ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To delineate the onset and recurrence characteristics of noncardiogenic ischemic stroke patients in China. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter and registry study was carried out in 2,558 patients at 7 representative clinical sub-centers during November 3, 2016 to February 17, 2019. A questionnaire was used to collect information of patients regarding CM syndromes and constitutions and associated risk factors. Additionally, stroke recurrence was defined as a primary outcome indicator. RESULTS: A total of 327 (12.78 %) patients endured recurrence events, 1,681 (65.72%) were men, and the average age was 63.33 ± 9.45 years. Totally 1,741 (68.06%) patients suffered first-ever ischemic stroke, 1,772 (69.27%) patients reported to have hypertension, and 1,640 (64.11%) of them reported dyslipidemia, 1,595 (62.35%) patients exhibited small-artery occlusion by The Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Specifically, 1,271 (49.69%) patients were considered as qi-deficient constitution, and 1,227 (47.97%) patients were determined as stagnant blood constitution. There were 1,303 (50.94%) patients diagnosed as blood stasis syndrome, 1,280 (50.04%) patients exhibited phlegm and dampness syndrome and 1,012 (39.56%) patients demonstrated qi deficiency syndrome. And 1,033 (40.38%) patients declared intracranial artery stenosis, and 478 (18.69%) patients reported carotid artery stenosis. The plaque in 1,508 (41.36%) patients were of mixed. Particularly, 41.09% of them demonstrated abnormal levels of glycated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS Recurrence in minor and small-artery stroke cannot be ignored. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal HbA1c, intracranial artery stenosis and carotid plaque were more common in stroke patients. Particularly, phlegm-dampness and blood stasis syndromes, as well as qi deficiency and blood stasis constitutions, were still the main manifestations of stroke. (Trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03174535).
Aged ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Ischemic Stroke ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke/epidemiology* ; Syndrome

Child ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Respiratory System

A large number of genetic mutations occur in the development of tumors, but only driver mutations determine the evolutionary direction of tumors. A variety of algorithmic tools and stationary analysis processes are available to search for driver genes with driver mutations. AS driver genes are different in different times and spaces, they are not the same in different stages of the development of breast cancer, leading to the different sensitivity of breast cancer patients to targeted therapy, which has become a major challenge for targeted therapy of breast cancer. This article reviews the progress and challenges of precision therapy for breast cancer from the perspective of driver genes.

Objective To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the concentration of simvastatin, simvastatin acid and rivaroxaban in rats plasma. Methods The plasma samples were determined after secondary extraction with ethyl acetate. Ticagrelor and lovastatin were used as internal standards. Simvastatin, simvastatin acid and rivaroxaban in rats plasma were separated by Waters C18 (150. 0 mm × 4. 6 mm, 3. 5 μm) with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile?ammonium (75: 25, pH = 4. 5) . Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. Polarlity switch (negative-positive mode) was performed. The detector was operated in multiple reaction-monitoring mode at m/z 436. 0→144. 9 for simvastatin, m/z 452. 9 → 162. 3 for simvastatin acid, m/z 324. 1 →127. 2 for rivaroxaban, m/z 521. 1→361. 2 for Ticagrelor and m/z 405. 3→199. 0 for lovastatin. The specificity, standard curve and lower limit ofquantification, precision and recovery, stability and matrix effect of the method were investigated. Results The linear ranges of simvastatin, simvastatin acid and rivastatin in plasma were 1-100, 5-400 and 1-100 ng·m L-1, standard curve were y = 0. 78 x + 7. 00 × 10-4 (r = 0. 992 8) , y = 0. 59 x + 2. 57 × 10-2 (r = 0. 997 2) and y = 1. 09 x + 1. 79 ×10-2 (r = 0. 996 4) , and the lower limit of quantitation were 1, 5 and 1 ng·m L-1, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day standard deviation were less than 15％, and the recovery rate reached more than 70％. The plasma samples had a good stability with freezing-thawing for three times, -80 ℃ for 5 days and 4 ℃ for 24 h. And there was no obvious matrix effect. Conclusion The method was simple, specific and sensitive, suitable to detect a number of samples for pharmacokinetic study.

BACKGROUND: Exosomes have the function of some mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the substance composition that plays a representative role in mesenchymal stem cell exosomes will provide clues for further exploration of synthetic exosome analogues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of microRNA expression profiles in exosomes derived from passage 2 and 5 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). METHODS: Exosomes in the supernatant of passage 2 and 5 hUC-MSCs were extracted by ultra-high speed centrifugation. The established library was sequenced by using high-throughput sequencing technology. Then we analyzed the sequence results so as to understand the microRNA expression between different groups, and finally did a cluster analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 427 657 kinds of microRNAs were detected in the exosomes from passage 2 hUC-MSCs, accounting for 68.93% of the total microRNAs detected; and 119283 microRNAs were detected in the exosomes from passage 5 hUC-MSCs, accounting for 19.22% of the total microRNAs detected. There were 73 526 microRNAs shared between the exosomes from passage 2 and passage 5 hUC-MSCs, accounting for 11.85% of the total microRNAs detected. Bioinformatics analysis (cluster analysis) results showed that these miRNAs were likely to be involved in 161 biological processes, including cell repair, immune and anti-aging. The microRNAs in exosomes from passage 2 to passage 5 hUC-MSCs were largely different. Partial miRNAs exhibited significantly reduced copy numbers. The top five microRNAs with a higher amount, including has-miR-146a-5p, has-miR-191-5p, has-miR-493-3p, has-miR-423-5p, and has-miR-134-5p, have the potential to be the component of synthetic exosome analogues.

The traditional method of separation and screening is complicated,time-consuming,poor selectivity,as well as that the active ingredient is easy to lose,seriously restricting the rapid discovery of active ingredients from Chinese herbal medicine.With the development of analytical techniques,various chromatographic methods were used for screening the active compounds from complex mixtures,this article will summarize the recent advances in the chromatographic methods used for tyrosine inhibitors screening from traditional Chinese medicines.

Objective: To explore the risk predictive value of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) on acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and to study the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and the severity of coronary stenosis in ACS patients. Methods:A total of 155 ACS patients admitted in our hospital were enrolled. The patient were divided into 2 groups:AMI (acute myocardial infarction) group, n=49 and UA (unstable angina)group, n=106; in addition, there was a Control group, n=44 subjects with normal coronary angiography (CAG).Blood levels of Lp-PLA2 were examined, CAG was conducted and GRACE score, SYNTAX score,Gensini score were calculated. Based on Grace score, ACS patients were divided into 3 subgroups: Low risk subgroup, Grace score≤108, Mid risk subgroup,Grace score 109-140 and High risk subgroup,Grace score≥140.The above parameters were comparedamong different groups. Results: Compared with UA group and Control group, AMI group had increased blood level of Lp-PLA2, P<0.05. Compared with Low risk subgroup, High risk subgroup had much higher Lp-PLA2, P<0.05. Correlation analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 level was positively related to Gracescore (r=0.301, P<0.001). By SYNTAX score and Gensini score evaluation,Lp-PLA2 levels were similar among different subgroups. Conclusion:Blood level of Lp-PLA2 had certain risk predictive value in ACS patients; while it was not related to the severity of coronary stenosis.

Aim of this study was to explore the effects of cryopreservation on biological characteristics of wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC), and to provide experimental evidence for clinical applications and the establishment of WJ-MSC bank. Primary WJ-MSC were produced by umbilical cord tissue culture in vitro. Fifth passage of WJ-MSC acquired by continuous cell culture were mixed with cryoprotectants, frozen in -80°C refrigerator and stored in liquid nitrogen. After the cryopreserved WJ-MSC were thawed, the first passage of WJ-MSC was obtained through cell culture and was taken as the 1st preserved passage (PP1). Thus, PP2-PP15 WJ-MSC were obtained by continuous cell subculture. The 1st control passage (CP1) to 15th passage (CP15) represented the 6th passage to 21st passage WJ-MSC acquired by subculturing in non-cryopreserved group. The biological characteristics of WJ-MSC from cryopreserved and control group, including the recovery rate of nucleated cells, trypan blue exclusion, CCK-8 activity, cell apoptosis, cell adherence, proliferation index, cell surface antigen, cell cycle and the capacities of induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, were detected and compared. The results indicated that the recovery rate of nucleated cells of cryopreserved WJ-MSC was 98.2%, trypan blue exclusion rate was 94.3%, CCK-8 activity was 91.4%, apoptotic rate was 3.9%, and the adherence rate was 92.6%. There was a statistically significant difference in proliferation index between PP1 and CP1 (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between PP2-PP15 and their corresponding controls. The subculture cells highly expressed CD29, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166 and HLA-ABC, and lowly expressed CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The expressions of above-mentioned surface antigens were not different statistically between two groups. The proliferation latency and logarithm proliferation of the subculture cells between two groups were also not different. After induced differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast and neuron, the staining with oil red O, alkaline phosphatase and neuron-specific enolase was performed respectively, and the positive degrees were not clearly different macroscopically between two groups. Relatively high levels of triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase, and neuron-specific enolase in relevant cells could be detected, but had no significant differences between two groups. It is concluded that some WJ-MSC (< 10%) are damaged after cryopreservation, and the biological characteristics of WJ-MSC in cryopreservation group keep constant, as compared with that in non-cryopreservation group.
Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; methods ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Sincalide ; metabolism ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; metabolism ; Wharton Jelly ; cytology