Objective To analyze the type of onychomycosis pathogens in China,and systematically study their spatial distribution characteristics.Methods Relevant literatures in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and PubMed from 2010 to 2022 were systematically reviewed.Results A total of 57 literatures were in-cluded in the analysis,covering 23 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China.A total of 17 292 strains of pathogens were included in the study,with at least 28 genus and 60 species.Dermatophytes(DMPs),yeast,and on-dermatophyte molds(NDMs)accounted for 59.1％(n=10 223),35.1％(n=6 063),and 5.8％(n=1 006),respectively.The most common pathogen was Trichoton rubrum(44.9％,n=7 765),followed by Candi-da albicans(13.7％,n=2 371).The regional distribution of DMPs in the North was generally higher than that in the South,and the constituent ratio of DMPs gradually decreased with the geographical migration to the South.The distribution of yeast was opposite to that of DMPs,distribution of NDMs was scattered.In addition,DMPs was dominant in the climate regions with low accumulated temperature and less rainfall,yeast was more distributed in the climate regions with high accumulated temperature and more rainfall,distribution of NDMs was scattered.Conclusion The main pathogen causing onychomycosis in China is DMPs,among which Trichoton rubrum is the most important pathogen of onychomycosis in China.The spatial distribution of pathogens varies with geographical location and climate.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the clonorchiasis control measures in the province. Methods Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Longmen County of Huizhou City and Wengyuan County of Shaoguan City in Guangdong Province were selected as fixed surveillance sites for human clonorchiasis from 2016 to 2022, and additional 10% to 15% counties (districts) endemic for clonorchiasis were sampled from Guangdong Province as mobile surveillance sites each year from 2016 to 2022. A village (community) was randomly selected from each surveillance site according to the geographical orientations of east, west, south, north and middle, and subjects were randomly sampled from each village (community). C. sinensis eggs were detected in subjects’ stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique, and the prevalence and intensity of C. sinensis infections were calculated. In addition, subjects’ gender, age, ethnicity, educational level and occupation were collected. The Guangdong Provincial 1:1 million electronic map in vector format was downloaded from the National Geomatics Center of China, and kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022 were performed using the software ArcGIS 10.7. Results A total of 153 188 residents were tested for C. sinensis infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, including 75 596 men (49.35%) and 77 592 women (50.65%), and there were 5 369 residents infected with C. sinensis, with 3.50% overall prevalence of infections. The prevalence rates of severe, moderate and mild C. sinensis infections were 0.76%, 7.26% and 91.97% among C. sinensis-infected residents in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, and there were age-, gender-, ethnicity-, occupation- and educational level-specific prevalence of C. sinensis human infections (χ² = 2 578.31, 637.33, 52.22, 2 893.28 and 1 139.33, all P values < 0.05). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a cluster in the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province (Moran’s I = 0.63, Z = 27.31, P < 0.05). Kernel density analysis showed that the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections with a high kernel density in Guangdong Province was mainly distributed along the Zhujiang River basin in Pearl River Delta areas, followed by in eastern and northern Guangdong Province. In addition, local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 73 high-high clusters of the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province. Conclusions The prevalence of C. sinensis human infections was high in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, and mild infection was predominant among all clonorchiasis cases, with spatial clusters identified in the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections. Targeted clonorchiasis control measures are required among high-risk populations and areas.

Objective To analyze the type of onychomycosis pathogens in China,and systematically study their spatial distribution characteristics.Methods Relevant literatures in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and PubMed from 2010 to 2022 were systematically reviewed.Results A total of 57 literatures were in-cluded in the analysis,covering 23 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China.A total of 17 292 strains of pathogens were included in the study,with at least 28 genus and 60 species.Dermatophytes(DMPs),yeast,and on-dermatophyte molds(NDMs)accounted for 59.1％(n=10 223),35.1％(n=6 063),and 5.8％(n=1 006),respectively.The most common pathogen was Trichoton rubrum(44.9％,n=7 765),followed by Candi-da albicans(13.7％,n=2 371).The regional distribution of DMPs in the North was generally higher than that in the South,and the constituent ratio of DMPs gradually decreased with the geographical migration to the South.The distribution of yeast was opposite to that of DMPs,distribution of NDMs was scattered.In addition,DMPs was dominant in the climate regions with low accumulated temperature and less rainfall,yeast was more distributed in the climate regions with high accumulated temperature and more rainfall,distribution of NDMs was scattered.Conclusion The main pathogen causing onychomycosis in China is DMPs,among which Trichoton rubrum is the most important pathogen of onychomycosis in China.The spatial distribution of pathogens varies with geographical location and climate.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a review and data analysis of the pediatric projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2009 to 2018, and to investigate the changes in key support areas, research interest, and research hotspots in pediatrics. METHODS: The database of National Natural Science Foundation of China was searched to screen out pediatric research projects in 2009-2018, and the changes in funding intensity and research direction were analyzed. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2018, a total of 1 017 pediatric projects were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China, with 485 (47.69%) General Projects, 426 (41.89%) Youth Fund Projects, 73 (7.18%) Regional Research Programs, 16 (1.57%) Key Programs, 6 (0.59%) Outstanding Youth Fund Projects, 7 (0.69%) Overseas Programs, and 4 (0.39%) other programs. There was a seven-fold increase in the total amount of subsidies, which increased from 8.42 million yuan in 2009 to 66.25 million yuan in 2018. The projects with the Primary Discipline Code of reproductive system/perinatology/neonatology, nervous system and mental illness, or circulatory system received the highest amount of fund. CONCLUSIONS The support of pediatric projects by National Natural Science Foundation of China continues to increase in the past ten years, and the main types of projects are General Projects and Youth Fund Projects. Neonatology, nervous system/mental illness, and circulatory diseases are the main directions of funded projects.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; Financial Management ; Foundations ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Neonatology

To clarify the clinical application of the group standard (T/CACM 1035-2017) of the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the clinical practice guideline on traditional chinese medicine therapy alone or combined with community acquired pneumonia, and to understand the clinical applicability of the Guideline. The clinical workers trained in terms of the Guideline in hospitals at all levels in China were selected as the research objects. A total of 494 questionnaires on application evaluation and 511 questionnaires on applicability evaluation were collected to construct the database of the post-effect evaluation of the Guideline. Excel software was used for statistical analysis. The overall evaluation of the Guideline was 92.31%, 91.06%, 87.45% respectively in efficacy, safety and economy. The Guideline was well used in clinical application, and 99.41% of the patients were willing to follow the recommended scheme. The agreed ratio in rationality evaluation was 97.98%, 92.37%, 94.53% and 92.71% in treatment rules, syndrome differentiation and classification, prevention of complications, and rehabilitation method. The effective rate of the prescriptions recommended in the Guideline was all above 65%. More than 80% of the prescriptions were Tanreqing Injection, Yinqiao Powder, Qingjin Huatan Decoction, Maxing Shigan Decoction, Shengmai San and Shashen Maidong Decoction. Adverse reactions, unknown active components and economy of Chinese patent medicines were the important factors affecting drug use and efficacy, providing a clinical basis for updating and revising the standard.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; China ; Community-Acquired Infections ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pneumonia

This article studied the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana. The 60% ethanol extract was eluted with 95% ethanol though HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column. 12 compounds, including (1) betulinic acid, (2)2, 2, 2'-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane bis (2, 3-epoxypropyl) ether, (3) eriodictyol, (4) trans-ε-viniferin, (5) (+)-cis-ε-viniferin, (6) kobophenol A, (7) ampelopsin A, (8) nepalensinol B, (9) cis-miyabenol C, (10) cis-vitisin B, (11) cis-gnetin H and (12) (+)-hopeaphenol, were separated by using normal phase silica gel, ODS, Sephdadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative or preparative HPLC. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 were separated from the genus Vitis for the first time and compounds 3, 7, 12 were separated from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana for the first time. At a concentration of 50 μmol · L(-1), compound 6, 7 and 11 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with the inhibition rate of 66.58%, 57.16%, 52.84%, respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Vitis ; chemistry

The repellent activity of α-pinene, β-pinene, and twenty four terpenoids derived from α-pinene or β-pinene against Germen cockroaches, Blattella germanica, were tested with dipped filter paper.Twenty of the tested compounds showed positive repellent activity at the concentration of 20 mg/mL.Menthol held the most powerful activity with the repellent rate of 68.9%, demonstrating its promising prospect in cockroach control.Three-dimensional structure of twenty-six terpenoid compounds were built and optimized by GAUSSIAN software.Descriptors for those structures were calculated from AMPAC and CODESSA software.Descriptors screening and the quantitative structure-activity relationship ( QSAR) building were carried out by applying heuristic approach in CODESSA software.The optimal model with correlation coefficient R2 of 0.7923 was obtained.The model, i.e.Repellent rate (%) Y=269.13+15.36X1 -77.16X2 +0.83X3+1.38X4 +0.83X5 +2.58X6, shows that six principal activity-affecting parameters X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 were Max atomic state energy for a H atom, FPSA-3 Fractional PPSA (PPSA-3/TMSA), Tot hybridization comp.of the molecular dipole, Max atomic state energy for a C atom, ESP-FNSA-2 Fractional PNSA ( PNSA-2/TMSA) and Image of the Onsager-Kirkwood solvation energy respectively.

BACKGROUNDEndovascular therapy is a treatment option for localized occlusion of the subclavian artery. In this report the long-term experience with 59 patients is presented.

METHODSBetween June 1998 and September 2008, we used endovascular therapy to treat 61 subclavian arterial obstructive lesions in 59 patients (46 males and 13 females, 34 - 82 years of age with a mean age (61.9 + or - 11.0) years). Twenty patients (34%) had clinical symptoms due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency, 26 (44%) had disabling arm ischemia, and 13 (22%) had both symptoms. We performed all procedures under local anesthesia. The approaches were from the femoral artery (n = 47), brachial artery (n = 1, involving bilateral subclavian disease) or both (n = 11). Sixty stents were implanted. All patients were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure, and annually thereafter.

RESULTSWe achieved technical success in 58 (95.1%) arteries, all of which were stented. There were three technical failures; two were due to the inability to cross over an occlusion, necessitating the switch to an axillo-axillary bypass, and the third was due to shock after digital subtraction angiography and prior to stenting. Arterial stenosis pre- and post-stenting was (83.6 + or - 10.8)% and (2.5 + or - 12.5)% (P < 0.01). Clinical success was achieved in 55 of the 59 patients (93.4%). Of the four clinical failures, three were technical and the remaining patient had a stent thrombosis. Systolic blood pressure difference between the two brachial arteries was (44.7 + or - 18.5) vs. (2.2 + or - 3.9) mmHg (P < 0.01). Primary patency was 98% at 12 months, 93% at 24 months, and 82% at 5 years. Five patients were lost to follow-up by 12 months post-stenting. Significant recurrent obstruction developed in five patients with resumption of clinical symptoms. The overall survival rate was 98.2% at 12 months, 89.5% at 24 months, and 84.5% at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONSEndovascular therapy for proximal subclavian arterial obstructive lesions is effective and successful. This minimally invasive treatment may be the first choice of treatment for proximal subclavical arterial obstructive lesions.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery ; pathology ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome ; pathology ; therapy ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo explore the operation indication and safety of presacral tumor.

METHODSClinical data of 36 patients with presacral tumor from November 1990 to May 2006 treated in our hospital, in whom 23 patients underwent trans-sacral operation, were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe operation time was from 43 to 210 min (average 94 min). The volume of blood loss was from 30 to 2000 ml (average 350 ml). Hospital stay was from 8 to 16 days (average 10.7 days). There were 13 different pathology types of tumors in the 36 patients including 26.4% of malignancy. Complications of trans-sacral operation included 1 case of ureteral damage, 1 case of sacral wound hernia, 1 case of presacral abscess who was healed by sigmoid stoma and wound drainage.

CONCLUSIONTrans-sacral resection of low presacral tumor is safe and effective with less trauma, less bleeding and quick recovery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult