Objective To build a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology combined biochemical analysis method for screening α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors from Forsythia suspense leaves extract.Method Forsythia suspense leaves extract was injected into the high performance liquid chromatography system for the separation and 10 fractions were collected manually according to the peak time of each injection.The bioassays were determined by spectrophotometric method,the high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the characterization.Results A total of 7 fractions were screened from forsythia leaf extract which had inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors,5 compounds were characterized,and the qualitative results showed that fraction 3 was calceolarioside B or plantainoside B,fraction 4 was(+)-epicatechol-4-O-β-D-glucoside,fraction 5 was phillyrin,fraction 6 was the isomeride of phillyrin,and fraction 7 was calceolarioside C.Fraction 3,4 and 5 showed inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase,fraction 6 showed inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase only.Conclusion The test results showed that the proposed method was a simple,effective,rapid method for drug discovery in natural products,and it can be extended to screen other bioactive compounds from natural products and other complex samples.

Objective To build a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technology combined biochemical analysis method for screening α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors from Forsythia suspense leaves extract.Method Forsythia suspense leaves extract was injected into the high performance liquid chromatography system for the separation and 10 fractions were collected manually according to the peak time of each injection.The bioassays were determined by spectrophotometric method,the high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the characterization.Results A total of 7 fractions were screened from forsythia leaf extract which had inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitors,5 compounds were characterized,and the qualitative results showed that fraction 3 was calceolarioside B or plantainoside B,fraction 4 was(+)-epicatechol-4-O-β-D-glucoside,fraction 5 was phillyrin,fraction 6 was the isomeride of phillyrin,and fraction 7 was calceolarioside C.Fraction 3,4 and 5 showed inhibitory effect on both tyrosinase and α-glucosidase,fraction 6 showed inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase only.Conclusion The test results showed that the proposed method was a simple,effective,rapid method for drug discovery in natural products,and it can be extended to screen other bioactive compounds from natural products and other complex samples.

Excessive sodium/salt intake is the leading dietary risk factor for the loss of healthy life in the Chinese population. The "Healthy China 2030" Action Plan set the goal of reducing salt intake by 20% by 2030. However, salt intake in China is still at a very high level in the world, with adults reaching 11 g/d, more than twice the recommended limit of 5 g/d. The current policies and action plans of China have targeted catering workers, children, adolescents, and home chefs in salt, oil, and sugar reduction actions. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the coordinated promotion and implementation. This study, therefore, proposed a set of comprehensive strategies (named CHRPS that is composed of communication and education, salt reduction in home cooking, salt reduction in restaurants, reducing salt content in pre-packaged food, and surveillance and evaluation) and key implementation points for further deepening the salt reduction action in China. These strategies were developed based on the main sources of dietary sodium for Chinese residents, the status of "knowledge, attitude and practice" in salt reduction, evidence of effective intervention measures, existing policies and requirements, and the salt reduction strategies of the World Health Organization and experience from some other countries. As a scientific reference, the CHRPS strategies will help the government and relevant organizations quickly implement salt reduction work and facilitate the earlier realization of China's salt reduction goal.
Adult ; Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Sodium, Dietary ; Diet ; Food ; China

Ligusticum chuanxiong is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine plant. The study on its molecular markers development and germplasm resources is very important. In this study, we obtained 24 422 unigenes by assembling transcriptome sequencing reads of L. chuanxiong root. EST-SSR was detected and 4 073 SSR loci were identified. EST-SSR distribution and characteristic analysis results showed that the mono-nucleotide repeats were the main repeat types, accounting for 41.0%. In addition, the sequences containing SSR were functionally annotated in Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway and were assigned to 49 GO categories, 242 KEGG pathways, among them 2 201 sequences were annotated against Nr database. By validating 235 EST-SSRs,74 primer pairs were ultimately proved to have high quality amplification. Subsequently, genetic diversity analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis, PCoA analysis and population structure analysis of 34 L. chuanxiong germplasm resources were carried out with 74 primer pairs. In both UPGMA tree and PCoA results, L. chuanxiong resources were clustered into two groups, which are believed to be partial related to their geographical distribution. In this study, EST-SSRs in L. chuanxiong was firstly identified, and newly developed molecular markers would contribute significantly to further genetic diversity study, the purity detection, gene mapping, and molecular breeding.

Objective To develop a rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination ofseven major compounds (Asiaticoside B,madecassoside,Asiaticoside,madecassic acid,asiatic acid,quercetin,and kaempferol) in Centellaasiaticaby using ultra-performance liquidchromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple-reactionmonitoring mode.Methods UPLC-MS/MS assay with positive ion mode was performed on a Waters ACQUITY BEHC18(2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.7 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mmol · L-1ammonium acetate in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.40 mL · min-1 and the column temperature was set at 35 ℃.The positive ion monitoring mode was adopted for MS.The selectivity,linear ranges and limit of quantitation,precision and recovery,repeatability and stability were investigated.Results Underthe optimized chromatographic conditions,good separation for seven target compounds including isomer asiaticoside B and madecassoside were achieved within 8.5 min.Satisfactory linearities were achieved with wide linear ranges,which were 20.00-400.00 ng · mL-1,20.00-400.00 ng · mL-1,20.00-400.00 ng · mL-1,10.00-200.00 ng · mL-1,10.00-200.00 ng· mL-1,50.00-1000.00 ng· mL-1,50.00-1000.00 ng· mL-1 for the determined compounds respectively and fine determination coefficient (r ＞ 0.990 2),the overall recoveries wereranged from 98.3％-100.0％ with the RSD ranging from 1.76％-5.69％.The RSD of precision was between 1.03％-4.67％,for the repeatability and stability,which were between 0.86％-3.21％,0.94％-3.45％,respectively.Conclusion It was the first report about simultaneousanalysis of 7 major components including 5 pentacyclic triterpenes and 2 flavonoids in Centellaasiatica by using UPLC-MS/MS method,which could be used for quality control of Centellaasiatica.

Objective To investigate the pharmaceutical care and the key points of drug intervention for a patient with cancer pain treatment provided by clinical pharmacists.Methods Clinical pharmacists took part in the therapy of a cancer pain patient with unknown primary,performed pain assessment,adjusted the drugs for pain control status together with clinicians.In addition,clinical pharmacists closely monitored the adverse reactions of patient induced by analgesic drugs,provided pharmaceutical suggestion for patient's constipation,established suitable treatment scheme.Results and Conclusion For patients with cancer pain,the pain controlling and the prevention of adverse reaction from opioids are very important,clinical pharmacists can help physicians serving patients better as to improve the quality of life for patients by taking part in clinical work and providing treatment suggestions from the perspective of pharmaceutical.

There is controversy regarding the roles of Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) colonization in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study explored the association between U. urealyticum and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (BPD36). Studies published before December 31, 2013 were searched from Medline, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, with the terms "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "chronic lung disease", or "BPD36" used, and English language as a limit. The association between U. urealyticum colonization and BPD36 was analyzed with RevMan 4.2.10 software, using the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous variables. Out of the enrolled 81 studies, 11 investigated the BPD36 in total 1193 infants. Pooled studies showed no association between U. urealyticum colonization and subsequent development of BPD36, with the OR and RR being 1.03 (95% CI=0.78-1.37; P=0.84) and 1.01 (95% CI= 0.88-1.16, P=0.84), respectively. These findings indicated no association between U. urealyticum colonization and the development of BPD36.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Ureaplasma Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; growth & development ; pathogenicity

There is controversy regarding the roles of Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) colonization in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study explored the association between U. urealyticum and bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (BPD36). Studies published before December 31, 2013 were searched from Medline, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, with the terms "Ureaplasma urealyticum", "chronic lung disease", or "BPD36" used, and English language as a limit. The association between U. urealyticum colonization and BPD36 was analyzed with RevMan 4.2.10 software, using the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) for dichotomous variables. Out of the enrolled 81 studies, 11 investigated the BPD36 in total 1193 infants. Pooled studies showed no association between U. urealyticum colonization and subsequent development of BPD36, with the OR and RR being 1.03 (95% CI=0.78-1.37; P=0.84) and 1.01 (95% CI= 0.88-1.16, P=0.84), respectively. These findings indicated no association between U. urealyticum colonization and the development of BPD36.

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic value of tumor markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for meningeal carcinomatosis (MC).

METHODSTwenty-one MC patients (including 13 adenocarcinoma and 8 non-adenocarcinoma patients), 72 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 23 with primary intracerebral tumors (PIT) were enrolled in this study. Blood and CSF tumor markers including CEA, CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, CYFRA21-1, AFP and NSE were measured by Roche E170 electrochemiluminescence analyzer and sandwich assay.

RESULTSCSF tumor markers CEA, CA125, CA199 and CYFRA21-1 and the serum tumor markers CEA, CA125, CA153, CA199 and AFP were significantly higher in MC group than in the other two groups. CSF CEA and CA15-3 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma MC than in non-adenocarcinoma MC patients, but no significant differences were found in the serum tumor markers between the two groups (P>0.05). CSF tumor markers including CEA, CA125, CA15-3, CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 were positively correlated to the serum tumor markers (P<0.05). CA199 was positively correlated to the disease course (P<0.05), and age was not correlated to any of the indexes (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONDetection of the tumor markers in the CSF, especially CEA, CA125, CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1, may help in the early diagnosis of MC. CEA and CA15-3 can serve as indicators for differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; cerebrospinal fluid ; CA-125 Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; CA-19-9 Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the molecular pathogenesis of deaf couples by means of genetic testing. To provide accurate genetic counseling and instruction for deaf couples with different etiology based upon results of genetic testing.

METHODSFour deaf families from July 2005 to May 2006. Each subject was with moderate to profound hearing loss. Genomic and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of each subject were extracted from whole blood. Genetic testing of GJB2, SLC26A4 (PDS) and mtDNA A1555G mutation were offered to each individuals.

RESULTSThe husband from family 1 didn't carry GJB2, SLC26A4 and mtDNA A1555G mutation while his wife was confirmed to carry compound SLC26A4 mutations. The possibility of their offspring's to be SLC26A4 single mutation carrier was 100%. The couple from family 2 both didn't carry GJB2, SLC26A4 and mtDNA A1555G mutation. The possibility of their offspring's having hereditary deafness caused by GJB2, SLC26A4 and mtDNA A1555G mutation was excluded. The husband from family 3 was confirmed to carry homozygous GJB2 mutations and a single SLC26A4 mutation while his wife who was diagnosed with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) by CT scan was proven to carry a single SLC26A4 mutation. The risk of their offspring's suffering EVAS was 50%. The husband from family 4 was mtDNA A1555G positive while his wife who was diagnosed with cochlear malformation by CT scan didn't carry GJB2, SLC26A4 and mtDNA A1555G mutation. The risk of their offspring's having hereditary deafness caused by GJB2, SLC26A4 and mtDNA A1555G mutation was excluded.

CONCLUSIONSGenetic testing could be applied to offer the more accurate genetic counseling and instruction to deaf couples.

Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; analysis ; Deafness ; diagnosis ; genetics ; prevention & control ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation