Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the pillar for the development of motherland medicine, and animal medicine has a long history of application in China, characterized by wide resources, strong activity, definite efficacy, and great benefits. It has significant potential and important status in the consumption market of raw materials of TCM. In the context of global climate change, farming system alterations, and low renewability, the depletion of wild medicinal animal resources has accelerated. Accordingly, the conservation and sustainable utilization of wild resources of animal medicinal materials has become a problem that garners increasing attention and urgently needs to be solved. This paper summarizes the current situation of domestic and foreign medicinal animal breeding and research progress in industrial application in recent years and points out the issues related to standardized breeding, germplasm selection and breeding, and quality evaluation standards for medicinal animals. Furthermore, this paper discusses standardized breeding, quality standards, resource protection and utilization, and the search for alternative resources for rare and endangered medicinal animals. It proposes that researchers should systematically carry out in-depth basic research on animal medicine, improve the breeding scale and level of medicinal animals, employ modern technology to enhance the quality standards of medicinal materials, and strengthen the research and development of alternative resources. This approach aims to effectively address the relationship between protection and utilization and make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of medicinal animal resources and the animal-based Chinese medicinal material industry.
Animals ; Breeding ; China ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Conservation of Natural Resources

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jinfukang Oral Liquid combined with thymosin α1 on patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin.METHODS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned into thymosin α1 group(15 cases)for 4-week administration,Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(30 cases)for 4-week administration,and combination group(30 cases)for 4-week administration.The changes in TCM clinical syndrome effects,immunity indices(CD3+T,Th,CTL,total NK,CD56dim CD16+NK,NKT,Treg,MDSC),lethality/inhibition ratios(CTL/Treg,total NK/Treg,NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC)and FACT-L scores were detected.RESULTS The Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group demonstrated higher total effective rates than the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased NKT(P＜0.05)and decreased MDSC(P＜0.05),which were more obvious than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher NKT was observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased lethality/inhibition ratios(P＜0.05),among which NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were higher than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher CTL/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(except for physiological status,society and family status)and combination group(except for society and family status)displayed increased FACT-L scores(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin,Jinfukang Oral Liquid single use or combined with thymosin α1 can enhance peripheral blood immune surveillance,inhibit immune escape,restore the balanced state of tumor immune responses,and improve TCM syndromes and life quality.

AIM To explore the clinical effects of Jinfukang Oral Liquid combined with thymosin α1 on patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin.METHODS Seventy-five patients were randomly assigned into thymosin α1 group(15 cases)for 4-week administration,Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(30 cases)for 4-week administration,and combination group(30 cases)for 4-week administration.The changes in TCM clinical syndrome effects,immunity indices(CD3+T,Th,CTL,total NK,CD56dim CD16+NK,NKT,Treg,MDSC),lethality/inhibition ratios(CTL/Treg,total NK/Treg,NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC)and FACT-L scores were detected.RESULTS The Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group demonstrated higher total effective rates than the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05).After the treatment,the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased NKT(P＜0.05)and decreased MDSC(P＜0.05),which were more obvious than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher NKT was observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group and combination group displayed increased lethality/inhibition ratios(P＜0.05),among which NKT/Treg,CTL/MDSC,total NK/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were higher than those in the thymosin α1 group(P＜0.05),and higher CTL/MDSC,NKT/MDSC were observable in the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(P＜0.05);the Jinfukang Oral Liquid group(except for physiological status,society and family status)and combination group(except for society and family status)displayed increased FACT-L scores(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to Dual Deficiency of Qi and Yin,Jinfukang Oral Liquid single use or combined with thymosin α1 can enhance peripheral blood immune surveillance,inhibit immune escape,restore the balanced state of tumor immune responses,and improve TCM syndromes and life quality.

The cerebellum is heavily connected with other brain regions, sub-serving not only motor but also nonmotor functions. Genetic mutations leading to cerebellar dysfunction are associated with mental diseases, but cerebellar outputs have not been systematically studied in this context. Here, we present three dimensional distributions of 50,168 target neurons of cerebellar nuclei (CN) from wild-type mice and Nlgn3R451C mutant mice, a mouse model for autism. Our results derived from 36 target nuclei show that the projections from CN to thalamus, midbrain and brainstem are differentially affected by Nlgn3R451C mutation. Importantly, Nlgn3R451C mutation altered the innervation power of CN→zona incerta (ZI) pathway, and chemogenetic inhibition of a neuronal subpopulation in the ZI that receives inputs from the CN rescues social defects in Nlgn3R451C mice. Our study highlights potential role of cerebellar outputs in the pathogenesis of autism and provides potential new therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Animals ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cerebellar Nuclei ; Autistic Disorder/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of low-dose azacitidine in the treatment of senile myelodys-plastic syndromes(MDS).Methods:A total of 92 elderly MDS patients who were initially diagnosed in the Huaibei Miners General Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to June 2022 were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 46 patients in each group.The observation group received a low dose of azacitidine 100 mg/d,dl-7,28 days as a course of treatment,6 courses in total,and the control group received a standard dose of azacitidine 75 mg(m2·d),d1-7,28 days as a course of treatment,a total of 6 courses of treatment.The clinical efficacy,overall survival(OS)and adverse reactions of the two groups of patients were observed.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the clinical data between the two groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,the hemoglobin and platelet levels of the two groups of patients were significantly higher than before treatment in each group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in leukocyte,hemoglobin and platelet levels between patients in the observation group and control group(P＞0.05).The number of cases with complete remission,partial remission,hematological remission,disease stabilization and disease progression in the observation group were 4,10,22,6 and 4,respectively,with a total effective rate of 78.26％.The numbers of cases with complete remission,partial remission,hematological remission,disease stabilization and disease progression in control group were 8,12,18,4 and 4,respectively,with a total effective rate of 82.61％.The total effective rate of patients in the observation group was slightly lower than that of the control group(x2=0.457,P=0.254).There was no significant difference between the two treatment schemes in the treatment of patients with blood transfusion dependence and patients with low risk,medium risk and high risk(P＞0.05).It takes 4 and 6 courses of treatment to achieve the best treatment response in the control group and observation group respectively.There was no significant difference in OS between the two groups(P＞0.05).In the observation group,there were 4,6 and 2 cases of infection,Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reaction,respectively,with the incidence rate of adverse events being 26.09％.In the control group,there were 6,16 and 6 cases of infection,Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reaction,respectively,with the adverse event rate was 60.87％.The incidence of adverse events in the control group was significantly higher than that in the observation group(x2=7.095,P=0.036).Conclusion:Elderly patients with MDS have poor tolerance to chemotherapy.Reducing azacitidine in the treatment of elderly MDS patients shows good efficacy and safety.

Objective To explore the effects of Yupingfeng powder on pneumoconiosis macrophage cells through tumor necrosis factor-α/NOD like receptor protein 3/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/interleukin-1β(TNF-α/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β)signaling pathways.Methods Using lipopolysaccharides to replicate a cellular inflammatory model.Raw264.7 macrophage cells were divided into normal group(conventional culture),model group(cellular inflammation model,administer lipopolysaccharide treatment),positive group(1 × 10-7 mol·L-1 dexamethasone)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(0.3,0.6,0.8 g·mL-1 Yupingfeng powder containing serum).Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of mRNA in each group of cells.Results The relative expression levels of TNF-α mRNA in normal group,model group,positive group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 1.00±0.05,2.17±0.07,1.17±0.08,1.90±0.08,1.54±0.07 and 1.35±0.05;the relative expression levels of nuclear factor-κB mRNA were 1.00±0.04,2.24±0.06,1.16±0.06,1.98±0.06,1.65±0.11 and 1.35±0.03;the relative expression levels of Caspase-1 mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.90±0.03,1.13±0.04,1.73±0.08,1.56±0.06 and 1.30±0.06;the relative expression levels of IL-18 mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.51±0.04,1.12±0.06,1.41±0.05,1.31±0.06 and 1.21±0.04;the relative expression levels of IL-1β mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.70±0.08,1.12±0.01,1.52±0.07,1.37±0.04 and 1.22±0.06;the relative expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA were 1.00±0.03,1.90±0.05,1.12±0.05,1.70±0.10,1.50±0.04 and 1.23±0.06;the relative expression levels of Gasdermin D(GSDMD)mRNA were 1.00±0.06,1.70±0.08,1.11±0.01,1.53±0.05,1.37±0.07 and 1.22±0.03.The above indicators in the model group showed statistically significant differences compared to the normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);there were statistical differences between the above indicators of experimental-L,-M,-H groups and model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Yupingfeng powder can inhibit the activation of the TNF-α/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway and alleviate alveolar inflammation.

Objective To explore the effects of Yupingfeng powder on pneumoconiosis macrophage cells through tumor necrosis factor-α/NOD like receptor protein 3/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/interleukin-1β(TNF-α/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β)signaling pathways.Methods Using lipopolysaccharides to replicate a cellular inflammatory model.Raw264.7 macrophage cells were divided into normal group(conventional culture),model group(cellular inflammation model,administer lipopolysaccharide treatment),positive group(1 × 10-7 mol·L-1 dexamethasone)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(0.3,0.6,0.8 g·mL-1 Yupingfeng powder containing serum).Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of mRNA in each group of cells.Results The relative expression levels of TNF-α mRNA in normal group,model group,positive group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were 1.00±0.05,2.17±0.07,1.17±0.08,1.90±0.08,1.54±0.07 and 1.35±0.05;the relative expression levels of nuclear factor-κB mRNA were 1.00±0.04,2.24±0.06,1.16±0.06,1.98±0.06,1.65±0.11 and 1.35±0.03;the relative expression levels of Caspase-1 mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.90±0.03,1.13±0.04,1.73±0.08,1.56±0.06 and 1.30±0.06;the relative expression levels of IL-18 mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.51±0.04,1.12±0.06,1.41±0.05,1.31±0.06 and 1.21±0.04;the relative expression levels of IL-1β mRNA were 1.00±0.04,1.70±0.08,1.12±0.01,1.52±0.07,1.37±0.04 and 1.22±0.06;the relative expression levels of NLRP3 mRNA were 1.00±0.03,1.90±0.05,1.12±0.05,1.70±0.10,1.50±0.04 and 1.23±0.06;the relative expression levels of Gasdermin D(GSDMD)mRNA were 1.00±0.06,1.70±0.08,1.11±0.01,1.53±0.05,1.37±0.07 and 1.22±0.03.The above indicators in the model group showed statistically significant differences compared to the normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);there were statistical differences between the above indicators of experimental-L,-M,-H groups and model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Yupingfeng powder can inhibit the activation of the TNF-α/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway and alleviate alveolar inflammation.

Aim To explore the effects of putative receptor protein related to ATI (APJ) homodimer on the behaviors-the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HU-VECs). Methods HUVECs at logarithmic growth stage were randomly divided into PBS, Apelin-13 + TM1 (APJ monomer group) and Apelin-13 + PBS group (APJ homodimer group). Western blot and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Fligh Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to detect the expression of APJ and APJ homodimer in HUVECs, respectively. Real-Time Cell Analyzers (RT-CA) was used to detect the concentration of the maximum effect of Apelin-13. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. The cell migration ability was detected by scratch test, and the number of tubes formed on matri-gel that made artificial basement membrane was counted. Results Western blot and MALDI-TOF MS showed that APJ and APJ homodimer were expressed in HUVECs. The EC50 of Apelin-13 was 2.26 x 10

This study aims to investigate the effect of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma(AC) combination on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer HT-29 cells based on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). HT-29 cells were respectively treated with 0, 3, 6 and 12 g·kg~(-1) AC-containing serum for 48 h. The survival and growth of cells were measured by thiazole blue(MTT) colorimetry, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were detected by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU) test and Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. The BALB/c nude mouse model of subcutaneous colon cancer xenograft was established, and then model mice were classified into blank control group, 6 g·kg~(-1) AC group, and 12 g·kg~(-1) AC group. The tumor weight and volume of mice were recorded, and the histopathological morphology of the tumor was observed based on hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein(Bax), cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3(caspase-3), and cleaved caspase-3, and EMT-associated proteins E-cadherin, MMP9, MMP2 and vimentin in HT-29 cells and mouse tumor tissues after the treatment of AC was determined by Western blot. The results showed that cell survival rate and the number of cells at proliferation stage decreased compared with those in the blank control group. The number of migrating and invading cells reduced and the number of apoptotic cells increased in the administration groups compared with those in the blank control group. As for the in vivo experiment, compared with the blank control group, the administration groups had small tumors with low mass and shrinkage of cells and karyopycnosis in the tumor tissue, indicating that the AC combination may improve EMT. In addition, the expression of Bcl2 and E-cadherin increased and the expression of Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, MMP9, MMP2, and vimentin decreased in HT-29 cells and tumor tissues in each administration group. In summary, the AC combination can significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of HT-29 cells in vivo and in vitro and promote the apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Caspase 3 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Vimentin ; HT29 Cells ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Cell Proliferation

Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by an infection with Echinococcosis multilocularis.The liver is the primary organ of alveolar echinococcosis.Alveolar echinococcosis is usually characterized by invasive growth and consequently iscalled"parasitic cancer."Resection of radical lesions is a preferred and effective treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.End-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis often occurs with parasiticcirrhosis,such as secondary biliary cirrhosis,congestive liver cirrhosis or Budd-Chiari syndrome.Few studies have examined hepatic multilocular echinococcosis leading to cirrhosis.This article reviews the aspects of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis involving the invasion of important blood vessels and bile ducts,thereby leading to secondary biliary cirrhosis and congestive liver cirrhosis caused by hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.