Objective To observe clinical curative effect of long-acting recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)and short-acting rhGH,and their influences on growth and development indexes,serum thyroid function indexes and insulin in children with idiopathic short stature(ISS).Methods The children with ISS were randomly divided into long-acting group[subcutaneous injection of polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone(0.2 mg·kg-1·w-1,qw)]and short-acting group[subcutaneous injection of recombinant human growth hormone(0.15 U·kg-1·d-1)at 30 min before sleep every night].All children were treated for 12 months.The growth and development[growth velocity(GV),height standard deviation of points(Ht SDS)],thyroid function,fasting insulin(FINS)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were compared between the two groups.The occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded.Results In the 68 children,there were 4 cases with loss to follow-up and shedding due to personal reasons.Finally,there were 33 cases in long-acting group and 31 cases in short-acting group for statistical analysis.After 6 months of treatment,GV in long-acting group and short-acting group were(4.53±0.56)and(3.97±0.48)cm·year-1,Ht SDS were-2.45±0.23 and-2.66±0.21,IGF-1 levels were(551.62±41.48)and(524.36±37.84)mg·mL-1,respectively.After 12 months of treatment,GV in long-acting group and the short-acting group were(9.44±0.82)and(8.46±0.77)cm·year-1,Ht SDS were-1.68±0.19 and-1.91±0.20,IGF-1 levels were(642.46±36.49)and(593.14±40.12)mg·mL-1,differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in FT3,FT4,TSH and FINS between the two groups after treatment(all P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidences of adverse drug reactions between long-acting group and short-acting group[6.06％(2 cases/33 cases)vs 12.90％(4 cases/31 cases),P＞0.05].Conclusion Compared with short-acting rhGH,promotion effect of long-acting rhGH is better on short-term growth and development in ISS children,which can increase level of serum IGF-1 and has no obvious effects on thyroid function,with good safety.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of neonatal adenoid development and to study the relationship between neonatal adenoid development and disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis of neonates who received an electronic rhinopharyngolaryngoscope at Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 was conducted to track the children's medical history and to analyze the adenoid development status. All 131 neonates successfully completed the electronic laryngoscopy. According to the presence or absence of visible adenoid hyperplasia, they were divided into a hyperplasia group (81 cases, 61.83%) and an un-hyperplasia group (50 cases, 38.17%). Results: Compared with the un-hyperplasia group, the age and birth weight of the adenoid hyperplasia group were larger, and the difference was statistically significant (Z _age=-4.634,Z _weight=-2.273,all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in gender and gestational age between the two groups. The number of neonates with rhinitis/sinusitis in the hyperplasia group were significantly more than those in the un-hyperplasia group (62.96% vs 48%). Conclusion: The development of neonatal adenoids is related to daily age, birth weight, but not significantly related to gender and gestational age.
Adenoids/pathology* ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperplasia/pathology* ; Infant, Newborn ; Nasopharyngeal Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis/pathology*

OBJECTIVES: To find the appropriate method for age estimation for different ages and sexes. METHODS: The costal cartilage, sternum and pubic symphysis of 91 unknowns from 2000 to 2020 from the Forensic Department of the Criminal Investigation Team of Shanghai Public Security Bureau were collected. Costal cartilage, sternal and pubic symphysis inferences were used to estimate the age, and the consistency between the estimated results and the actual physiological age of the unknowns was tested. The accuracy of age estimation of different samples was compared, and the relationship between accuracy and age and sex was analyzed. RESULTS: Using the costal cartilage method, the inference errors of males, females and the whole population under 40 years old were (0.608±2.298) years, (0.429±1.867) years and (0.493±2.040) years, while those over 40 years old were (-1.707±3.770) years, (-3.286±4.078) years and (-2.625±4.029) years. The differences between different age groups in these three populations were statistically significant (P<0.05). Using the sternum method, the inference errors of males and females under the age of 40 were (0.921±3.019) years and (0.452±1.451) years, while those over the age of 40 were (-5.903±5.088) years and (-1.429±2.227) years. The differences between different age groups in males and females were statistically significant (P<0.05). Using the pubic symphysis method, the inference errors of males and females under 40 years old were (-0.204±1.876) years and (0.238±2.477) years, while those over 40 years old were (1.500±2.156) years and (-2.643±4.270) years. The differences between different age groups in males and females were statistically significant (P<0.05). Using the sternum method and pubic symphysis method for age estimation of over 40 years old, the difference between different sexes was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS All three methods of age estimation are stable and effective and more accurate for people under 40 years old. For age estimation of unknowns over 40 years old, the pubic symphysis method is preferred in males and the sternum method is preferred in females.
Adult ; Age Determination by Skeleton/methods* ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Forensic Anthropology/methods* ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pubic Symphysis/anatomy & histology*

BACKGROUND: Amniotic membrane has a unique structure that can block the penetration of certain substances, to ensure normal nutrition supply for the surrounded tissues, and is also characterized by anti-adhesion, good tissue compatibility, mild inflammatory reaction, few fibers and biodegradability. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of fresh amniotic membrane and acellular amniotic membrane to prevent adhesion and promote tendon healing during the repair of tendon sheath defects. METHODS: Sixty healthy male leghorn chickens were selected, and the model of tendon injury and tendon sheath defects was established at the third toes. The animal models were then randomly divided into three groups and underwent repair with fresh amniotic membrane (group A), acellular amniotic membrane (group B), and no treatment in control group (group C), respectively. Histological observation and biomechanical analysis of the third toes were performed after repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Histological observation. Congestive edema and inflammatory response were found in all animals at 2 weeks after repair, but mildest in the group A and severest in the group C. These inflammatory responses gradually alleviated over time in the three groups. At 12 weeks after repair, the new tendon sheath formed in all the animals, which was more mature than that at 4 weeks after repair. The synovial cells on the surface of the tendon sheath were arrayed tidily with dense structure in the groups A and B, but in the group C, the synovial cells were distributed disorderly with loose structure and prominent fibrous tissues. (2) Biomechanical analysis. Tendon sliding distance in the groups A and B was significantly larger than that in the group C at 4, 8, 12 weeks after repair (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference in the distance between the groups A and B (P > 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks after repair, the maximum tensile strength was largest in the group A, sequentially followed by group B and group C (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference among the three groups at 12 weeks after repair (P > 0.05). To conclude, both fresh amniotic membrane and acellular amniotic membrane can promote tendon healing and prevent the adhesion of tendon through tendon sheath reconstruction, but the fresh amniotic membrane is preferred to promote early tendon healing compared with acellular amniotic membrane.

Medicinal botanical gardens play important roles in promoting the development of TCM industry. With the advancing of the construction of the national medicinal plant garden system, the upgrading construction work for Huazhong Medicinal Botanical Garden, one of its members, is grasping to be carried on. While it is believed that there is a tremendous potential development in the combination of selenium and Chinese herbal medicine. In this article, the significance of selenium for Huazhong Medicinal Botanical Garden was investigated and then the routes to highlight selenium characteristics in its upgrading construction were put forward as follows for some responsibility department as reference: (1) Concentrating on the background investigation and conserving selenium resources;(2) Selecting and breeding special germplasm materials associated with selenium for selected key species; (3) Aiming at the specific efficiency and screening selenium-enriched medical plants; (4) Selecting large varieties of TCM and carrying out the research of selenium-rich technical ways of artificial cultivation; (5) Propelling the research and development of selenium-containing health products, based on resources industrialization; (6) Constructing new specialized garden for selenium-enriched medical plants.

BACKGROUNDThe efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with clopidogrel, leflunomide, or both drugs for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) are unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of telmisartan combined with clopidogrel, leflunomide, or both drugs for IgAN.

METHODSIt is a multicenter, prospective, double-dummy randomized controlled trial. Primary IgAN patients were recruited in 13 renal units across Beijing, China, from July 2010 to June 2012. After a 4-week telmisartan (80 mg/d) wash-in, 400 patients continuing on 80 mg/d telmisartan were randomly assigned to additionally receive placebo (Group A), 50 mg/d clopidogrel (Group B), 20 mg/d leflunomide (Group C), or 50 mg/d clopidogrel and 20 mg/d leflunomide (Group D). The 24-week intervention was completed by 360 patients. The primary endpoint was change in 24-h proteinuria at 24 weeks. A linear mixed-effect model was used to analyze the changes at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate changes in hematuria grade. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.

RESULTSThe effects of telmisartan combined with leflunomide on changes in proteinuria (0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18-0.55] g/d, P < 0.001), in serum uric acid (76.96 [95% CI 57.44-96.49] μmol/L, P < 0.001), in serum creatinine (9.49 [95% CI 6.54-12.44] μmol/L, P < 0.001), and in estimated glomerular filtration rate (-6.72 [95% CI-9.46 to -3.98] ml·min-1·1.73 m-2, P < 0.001) were statistically significant, whereas they were not statistically significant on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and weight (P > 0.05). Telmisartan combined with clopidogrel had no statistical effect on any outcome, and there was no interaction between the interventions. No obvious adverse reactions were observed.

CONCLUSIONSTelmisartan combined with leflunomide, not clopidogrel, is safe and effective for decreasing proteinuria in certain IgAN patients.

TRIAL REGISTRATIONchictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-TRC-10000776; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=8760.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzimidazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Benzoates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; China ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; drug effects ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Ticlopidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Uric Acid ; blood ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo control the quality of Xihuangwan by improving the qualitative detection of artificial musk inside this pill.

METHODThe qualitative detection of artificial musk was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery(GC-MS).

RESULTThe established GC-MS successfully detected artificial musk in Xihuangwan.

CONCLUSIONGC-MS is reliable,accurate,and practical in the identification of artificial must inside Xihuangwan.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUNDRecently there has been a great deal of interest in the role of serum uric acid (SUA) in atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between levels of SUA and recurrence of paroxysmal AF after catheter ablation.

METHODSThree hundred and thirty patients diagnosed with paroxysmal AF were analyzed. Patients were categorized into quartiles on the basis of their pre-operative SUA measurement and follow-up, and Kaplan-Meier estimation with a Log-rank test was used for the analysis of the influence of SUA on the recurrence of AF. Pre-procedural clinical variables were correlated with the clinical outcome after ablation using multivariate Logistic analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between SUA and the recurrence of AF.

RESULTSAfter a mean follow-up of (9.341 ± 3.667) (range 3.0 - 16.3) months, recurrence rates from the lowest SUA quartile to the highest SUA quartile were 16.0%, 26.4%, 28.3%, and 29.3% respectively (P = 0.014). After adjustment for gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), triglyceride (TG), left atrial diameter (LA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and SUA, there was an increased risk of recurrence in subjects in the highest SUA quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 2.804, 95% confidence interval 1.466 - 5.362, P = 0.002). Following multivariate Logistical analysis, SUA was found to be an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 1.613, 95% confidence interval 1.601 - 1.625, P = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONIn a retrospective study of patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing catheter ablation, elevated preoperative SUA levels were associated with a higher rate of recurrence of AF.

Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; blood ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of CO2 laser supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia in infants.Methods From January 2009 to December 2011,32 infants with severe laryngomalacia were confirmed by electronic laryngoscope and clinical assessment in Shenzhen Children's Hospital.According to the choice made by the parents,16 children accepted CO2 laser supraglottoplasty (group 1),the others were treated conservatively (group 2).The beginning observation point TO was defined as the age on the first medicine taking day or the age of surgery.T1,T3,T6 were defined as 1,3,6 months following TO.Clinical symptoms included stridor,dyspnea,aspiration,and respiratory infections.The body weight,PSG reports,laryngoscope findings,cure rates of the two groups were compared.Results The anatomical abnormalities were corrected surgically,and the symptoms,such as stridor,dyspnea,and aspiration improved rapidly after the operation.The cure rates was higher in group 1 than in group 2 on T1,T3,T6 stage.There were statistically significant differences(x2 were 13.9,28.1,24.6 respectively; all P ＜ 0.01).Children in group 1 gained weight better than in group 2.There was a statistically significant difference in Z scores median on T1,T3,T6 stage (z score were-0.848,-2.940,-4.110 ; P ＜ 0.05,or P ＜ 0.01 respectively).The lowest oxygen saturation in group 1 improved one month after the surgery (from average 0.686 ±0.106 to 0.901 ±0.041).There was a statistically significant difference (t =-7.876,P =0.001).Complications included adhesion (1 case) and temporary new-onset aspiration (1 case).Conclusions The CO2 laser supraglottoplasty can resolve severe laryngomalacia symptoms including stridor,dyspnea and aspiration.It can reduce the frequency of respiratory infections,and contribute to weight gaining.The CO2 laser supraglottoplasty is effective,of high security and with rare complications.

BACKGROUNDThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a key cellular signaling pathway associated with various cellular functions, has distinct roles in the inflammatory process. In this study, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Rapa) was used to test whether inhibition of mTOR activation attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in a murine model.

METHODSMice pretreated with Rapa or vehicle were given LPS intratracheally. Local cell numbers and inflammatory cytokines present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), wet-to-dry weight ratio, histopathology of the lungs, and survival were evaluated.

RESULTSThe phosphorylation of S6, a major downstream target of mTOR, had a 3-fold increase in lung tissue after LPS stimulation, but the increase was blocked by Rapa. Rapa reduced the levels of TNF-α (LPS vs. LPS + Rapa, (1672.74 ± 193.73) vs. (539.17 ± 140.48) pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.01) and IL-6 (LPS vs. LPS + Rapa: (7790.88 ± 1170.54) vs. (1968.57 ± 474.62) pg/ml, respectively; P < 0.01) in the BAL fluid. However, Rapa had limited effects on the overall severity of ALI, as determined by the wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lungs, number of neutrophils in the BAL fluid, and changes in histopathology. In addition, Rapa failed to reduce mortality in the LPS-induced ALI model.

CONCLUSIONSWe confirmed that mTOR was activated during LPS-induced ALI and strongly inhibited by Rapa. Although Rapa reduced the levels of the mediators of inflammation, the overall severity and survival of the ALI murine model were unchanged.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; drug effects