ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:This study was to explore the behavioral and electroencephalographic characteristics of impaired cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder(OCPD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to collect data prospectively from OCD patients who visited the psychology departments at two top-tier hospitals in Changsha between September 2019 and December 2021. The study included 31 patients with OCD+OCPD(18 males, 13 females; aged 15-46 (22.8±8.4) years) and 39 patients with OCD only(25 males, 14 females; aged 15-34 (21.6±4.2) years). Additionally, 32 age-matched healthy controls(HC: 18 males, 14 females; aged 18-25 (20.8±1.7) years). All participants completed the Task-Switching paradigm while behaioral and event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded simultaneously. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the group differences in behavioral and ERP data(electrode sites: FZ, FCZ, CZ, PZ; ERP components: amplitude and latency of P2, N2, and P3).Results:The reaction times in both the comorbid and OCD groups were significantly longer than those in the healthy control group ((1 182±287) ms and (1 119±194) ms vs. (886±95) ms; F=18.48, both P<0.001). Accuracy rates in the comorbid and OCD groups were also significantly lower than in the healthy control group ((77±14)% and (77±13)% vs. (84±7)%; F=4.00, both P<0.05). In the task-switching condition, the N2 latency at the CZ electrode was significantly shorter in the comorbid and OCD groups compared to the healthy control group ((290±22) ms and (291±29) ms vs. (308±27) ms; F=3.81, both P<0.05). Furthermore, at the FZ and FCZ electrodes, the N2 latency in the comorbid group was significantly shorter in the switching task compared to the repetition task. Conclusion:OCD patients with comorbid OCPD show more severe cognitive flexibility impairments and display abnormal electrophysiological patterns.

Objective:The Social Isolation Scale for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was developed and tested for reliability and validity, which provided an effective tool for measuring the social isolation level of patients with T2DM.Methods:The initial scale was developed through literature review, qualitative interviews, and expert consultation. Convenience sampling method was used to select T2DM patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for questionnaire survey. The item analysis method was used to select the items of the scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate construct validity. The content validity of the scale was evaluated by the scale-level content validity index and the item-level content validity index. The criterion validity was verified by using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Reliability was tested through internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:Through literature review and qualitative interviews, 30 items of the scale were selected to form the first version scale. After two rounds of inquiries from 16 experts (expert authority coefficient = 0.897), the second version of the scale was formed. A total of 407 questionnaires were distributed in two stages using the second version scale. Among the 407 patients, there were 214 males and 193 females. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.338%. The final scale was determined to include 4 dimensions and 16 items, with the dimensions being "social support network", "frequency of social participation", "satisfaction with interpersonal relationships", and "diabetes-related sense of isolation".The average content validity index at the scale level was 0.929, the content validity index at the item level was 0.830 - 1.000, and the criterion validity was - 0.647 and 0.681. The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the total scale was 0.822, and the test-retest reliability was 0.858.Conclusions:The Social Isolation Scale for people with T2DM has good reliability and validity. It is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social isolation in T2DM patients.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:The Social Isolation Scale for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was developed and tested for reliability and validity, which provided an effective tool for measuring the social isolation level of patients with T2DM.Methods:The initial scale was developed through literature review, qualitative interviews, and expert consultation. Convenience sampling method was used to select T2DM patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for questionnaire survey. The item analysis method was used to select the items of the scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate construct validity. The content validity of the scale was evaluated by the scale-level content validity index and the item-level content validity index. The criterion validity was verified by using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Reliability was tested through internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Results:Through literature review and qualitative interviews, 30 items of the scale were selected to form the first version scale. After two rounds of inquiries from 16 experts (expert authority coefficient = 0.897), the second version of the scale was formed. A total of 407 questionnaires were distributed in two stages using the second version scale. Among the 407 patients, there were 214 males and 193 females. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.338%. The final scale was determined to include 4 dimensions and 16 items, with the dimensions being "social support network", "frequency of social participation", "satisfaction with interpersonal relationships", and "diabetes-related sense of isolation".The average content validity index at the scale level was 0.929, the content validity index at the item level was 0.830 - 1.000, and the criterion validity was - 0.647 and 0.681. The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the total scale was 0.822, and the test-retest reliability was 0.858.Conclusions:The Social Isolation Scale for people with T2DM has good reliability and validity. It is a reliable and valid tool for assessing social isolation in T2DM patients.

Objective:This study was to explore the behavioral and electroencephalographic characteristics of impaired cognitive flexibility in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder(OCPD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to collect data prospectively from OCD patients who visited the psychology departments at two top-tier hospitals in Changsha between September 2019 and December 2021. The study included 31 patients with OCD+OCPD(18 males, 13 females; aged 15-46 (22.8±8.4) years) and 39 patients with OCD only(25 males, 14 females; aged 15-34 (21.6±4.2) years). Additionally, 32 age-matched healthy controls(HC: 18 males, 14 females; aged 18-25 (20.8±1.7) years). All participants completed the Task-Switching paradigm while behaioral and event-related potentials(ERPs) were recorded simultaneously. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the group differences in behavioral and ERP data(electrode sites: FZ, FCZ, CZ, PZ; ERP components: amplitude and latency of P2, N2, and P3).Results:The reaction times in both the comorbid and OCD groups were significantly longer than those in the healthy control group ((1 182±287) ms and (1 119±194) ms vs. (886±95) ms; F=18.48, both P<0.001). Accuracy rates in the comorbid and OCD groups were also significantly lower than in the healthy control group ((77±14)% and (77±13)% vs. (84±7)%; F=4.00, both P<0.05). In the task-switching condition, the N2 latency at the CZ electrode was significantly shorter in the comorbid and OCD groups compared to the healthy control group ((290±22) ms and (291±29) ms vs. (308±27) ms; F=3.81, both P<0.05). Furthermore, at the FZ and FCZ electrodes, the N2 latency in the comorbid group was significantly shorter in the switching task compared to the repetition task. Conclusion:OCD patients with comorbid OCPD show more severe cognitive flexibility impairments and display abnormal electrophysiological patterns.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou, and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries. Methods: A total of 3 573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey. Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate, mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT), filling rate, pit and fissure sealant rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth. Results: Among the surveyed junior high school students, the caries rate was 47.32%( n =1 691), the mean DMFT was 1.51. The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students (49.59%) than in male students (44.95%), and higher in towns (50.77%) than in urban areas (44.04%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=16.25, 7.72, P <0.05). The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%, 6.27% respectively. The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas (18.97%, 7.17%) than towns (15.76%, 5.33%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2= 9.57, 5.13, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student, town residence, daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks (≥1 time), bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries( OR =1.41, 1.45, 2.63, 2.09, 1.53), while using fluoride toothpaste daily, oral education in school were protective factors( OR =0.44, 0.34)( P <0.05). Conclusion The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level, but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower. The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students, and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of abnormal chromosome karyotype of common external genital malformations in male children.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 2 408 children was made in outpatient or inpatient from January 2012 to December 2017. The mean age was (38±7) months. There were 1115 cases of hypospadias, 189 cases of cryptorchidism, 304 cases of micropenis, 681 cases of concealed penis and 119 cases of disorders of sex development. All children were tested for chromosome 550 band in peripheral blood, and the results of chromosome karyotype were analyzed.Results:A total of 131 cases of abnormal chromosome karyotypes were detected, with a detection rate of 5.4%, including 46 cases of chromosome number abnormalities, 85 cases of structural abnormalities, 64 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities and 67 cases of autosomal abnormalities. The karyotype of chromosome was 46, XY, inv (9) (p12q13) in 28 cases accounting for 21.4%. It was followed by 47, XXY, with 16 cases, accounting for 12.2%. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in children with disorders of sex development was 12.6%(15 cases), hypospadias was 5.5%(61 cases), cryptorchidism was 5.3%(10 cases), micropenis was 4.9%(15 cases), and concealed penis was 4.4%(30 cases).Conclusions:Chromosomal abnormalities are not uncommon in male children with external genital malformations. Chromosome structural abnormalities are more common than quantitative abnormalities, and sex chromosome abnormalities account for a comparable proportion to autosomal abnormalities.