Background: Recent international studies have demonstrated that vaginal microbiota dysbiosis is associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical precancerous lesions, and cervical cancer. In healthy women, Lactobacillus spp. dominate the vaginal microbiota and produce lactic acid and other bioactive compounds, thereby maintaining an acidic vaginal pH and protecting against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. A reduction in Lactobacillus spp. and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in dysbiosis, has been associated with HPV persistence as well as the progression and recurrence of cervical precancerous lesions. However, no study has compared the prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. and aerobic bacteria, or their associations, among Mongolian women diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to address this gap. Aim: To compare and characterize the composition of selected vaginal microorganisms in women diagnosed with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to October 2026 at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center of Mongolia. A total of 275 women with histologically confirmed cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer were voluntarily enrolled after providing written informed consent. Prior to initiation, ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences at its meeting held on April 22, 2026 (Minutes No. 2026/04-28). General information, medical history, and behavioral factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Three vaginal swabs were collected from the posterior vaginal fornix. Vaginal discharge was examined, and Lactobacillus spp. and aerobic bacteria were cultured. The associations between these microbiological findings and diagnostic groups were compared across five diagnostic categories. Results: Of the 275 women enrolled, the diagnostic distribution was as follows: CIN I, 41 (14.9%); CIN II, 73 (26.5%); CIN III, 80 (29.1%); cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS), 45 (16.4%); and cervical cancer (CC), 36 (13.1%). Vaginal pH was significantly and positively correlated with the cocci count (ρ=0.346, p < 0.001), white blood cell count (ρ=0.283, p < 0.001), and AV score (ρ=0.277, p < 0.001). In contrast, the Lactobacillus count was significantly and negatively correlated with vaginal pH (ρ=−0.238, p < 0.001). When the AV score was compared across diagnostic groups, it was 2.8±1.3 in stage IIB cervical cancer and 3.67±2.3 in stage III cervical cancer (p=0.008). Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from 119 participants (43.3%), while aerobic bacteria were isolated from 103 participants (37.5%). The most frequently identified aerobic bacteria were Escherichia coli (32; 11.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (17; 6.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (11; 4.0%), and viridans group streptococci (9; 3.3%). However, the detection rates of Lactobacillus spp. and aerobic bacteria did not differ significantly across diagnostic groups (p=0.634 and p=0.221, respectively). Conclusions Among women with cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, an increase in vaginal pH was significantly positively associated with cocci count, white blood cell count, and AV score. The higher AV scores observed in the cervical cancer group suggest that aerobic vaginitis may be associated with the progression of cervical precancerous lesions. Although the prevalence of Lactobacillus spp. and aerobic microorganisms did not differ significantly across diagnostic groups, the CC group showed a trend toward increased prevalence of aerobic microorganisms and decreased prevalence of Lactobacillus spp.

BACKGROUND In recent years, the new treatment and technology developing quickly however, the disease prevention therapy necessary investigate in preventive dentistry. Oil pulling is a traditional Indian folk remedy and Researchers et al previously first time investigated this method. Asokan S, Emmadi P, Chamundeswari et al have indicated the antibacterial activity of sesame oil against on oral microorganisms and found the bacterial growth decreased 20%. In our country, this has not been investigated thus . AIM The aim of this study to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of sunflower oil for reducing micro bacterial count in the oral cavity. METHODS The present study was a parallel design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial with two groups which collected from 162 dental students at the MNUMS, School of Dentistry. The participants rinsed a mouth by 10 ml oil 5 min twice a day after meal and all participants used the same teeth paste during the study period. Oral health status and plaque index were obtained and assessed at baseline and after 30 days of oil therapy . RESULTS However, the Oral health status index not reduced after 30 days. The baseline bacterial count mean of treatment group: a) 0-15 colons subgroup increased from 40.4% to 55.4%, b) 16-200 colons subgroup reduced from 33.3% to 28.6% and c) >201 colons subgroup reduced from 26,3% to 16.1%. In the control group no differences the bacterial count means on baseline and after therapy. CONCLUSION The oil rinse therapy can be used as valuable preventive agents in maintaining and improving oral health furthermore reduced plaque formation and bacterial colonization 15%.

Hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors which about 70% to 80% of the lesions are found in the head and neck region. This study was conducted on 36 children with hemangioma who were referred to Orofacial Surgery Cabinet of Dental School of Health Sciences University of Mongolia and Orofacial Surgery Cabinet of National Center for Maternal and Child Health of Mongolia between 2013 and 2015.Of the 36 children referred for assessment, 72% were female, 55% were infants of 4 to 9 months old, and 83% of them were citizens. 58% of patients underwent cryotherapy,and 57% of patients underwent cryotherapy had 2 therapy sessions. 25% of patients receiver sclerotic therapy, and 67% of them had 2 therapy sessions. According to the locations of hemangiomas 30% of them were localized in infraorbital area. 72% of the participants are women and 55% are children age of 4-9 month which 83% of all participants were living in city. 58% of children with hemangioma are treated with cryotherapy which 57%of treatment finished by second visit. And 25% were treated by dehydration treatment which 67% were finished by second visit.

The timing and technique for palatoplasty is very controversial, recent literature advocates for early repair, between six and eighteen months of age, facilitating normal speech and language development, and avoiding hearing loss. It is using three main kinds of techniques for palatoplasty in the worldwide, two flap pushback, Furlow double opposing z-plasty, and two-step palatoplasty.Cases presenting later in life to the Mongolian National Center for Maternal and Child Healthprovide Mongolian surgeons′ with the challenge of wider defects which are difficult to manage successfully using traditional palatoplasty techniques.Oro-nasal fistula formation is an one of most documented postoperative complication, and it`s rate is reported between 6-42,3% in the literature. In Mongolia patients often present in older than recommended age for palatoplasty,it provide surgeons with the challenge of managing wider defects, which have higher rates of fistula formation and wound dehiscence. There were 30% of ONF in our practice. So, in 2000 we established new modified Mongolian technique for primary palatoplasty for improved outcomes across all age groups. And ONF rate reduced from 30% to 5.9 % in our department. Objective: To determine velopharyngeal function after primary palatoplasty by Mongolian method in connective with age at repair and cleft type.In our study were included over four year’s old patients, who underwent primary palatoplasty by Mongolian method at the authors` centre. We excluded syndromic cases, and patients who had an oronasal fistula postoperatively, and no cooperation with speech therapist. This study, we use video records of nasopharyngeoscopy to evaluate for cleft lip and palate patient’s velopharyngeal function associated with type of clefts, the timing of palate repair and cooperation with speech therapist.There were included totally 28 patients who are 4-23 years old (mean age 10.2 years) at the time of study, were performed primary cleft palate repair by Mongolian technique at NCMCH. The mean age at palate repair was 38 months (14 months-18 years). Overall, 39.2% (11) of patients were performed palate repair at 18≥ months old and 60.8% (17) patients were operated palate repair at 18< months. In the first group, VPI was demonstrated 27,3%, and in the second group 41,2%. Also, there were demonstrated VPI for 66,7% of Veau 1 type, 45,5% of Veau 3 type, and only 10% of Veau 4 type, after Mongolian method. Better velopharyngeal result for Veau 4 type and wide cleft palate after Mongolian method than other types. We should continue this study in wider screen for recognition this results.