Background: Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) is a unique repository of knowledge developed through the integration of Indian Ayurveda, Tibetan medical theories, and various therapeutic methods from Chinese medicine. Scholars emphasize that the "Ashtanga Hridayam Samhita," a foundational Ayurvedic text, played a pivotal role in the formation of the "Four Medical Tantras" (FMT), which serves as the ideological basis for both Tibetan and Mongolian medicine. Although historians such as B. Jigmed, Sh. Bold, and Ya. Ganbayar have explored the general historical development of TMM, there remains a significant gap in intertextual comparative research regarding how Ayurvedic surgical concepts were localized and adapted within the Mongolian context. Thus, identifying the Ayurvedic surgical traditions reflected in the works of prominent Mongolian scholars, such as Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir and Mindol Nomun Khan Jambalchoijidanzanperinlei, is essential for a deeper understanding of the historical evolution of TMM. Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the reflection of Ayurvedic concepts—specifically disease taxonomy and surgical traditions—within selected sources of TMM and to determine the patterns of how Mongolian physicians adopted and enriched these practices in their clinical applications. Materials and Method: The study utilized the Sushruta Samhita (English ed., 1907) and Ashtanga Hridayam Samhita as primary Ayurvedic references, alongside Mongolian historical sources, including Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir’s Four Medical Tantras (1994 edition) and Mindol Nomun Khan’s Ocean of Instructions (2014 edition). Research methods included thematic analysis, content analysis, and comparative source studies. Furthermore, systematic coding methods adapted for historical source research were employed to efficiently condense the extensive information within the materials. Results: Content and thematic analysis of the selected sources identified 28 distinct types of surgical diseases categorized based on Ayurvedic methodology. These include physical trauma, systemic disorders, and various infectious and dermatological conditions. In Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir's White Parasol of Healing, infectious diseases accounted for 42.8% and physical injuries for 23.8% of these surgical cases, while in the Ocean of Instructions, infectious diseases represented 47.05% and injuries 24.0%. Across both sources, the "Treatment" code appeared with the highest frequency (n=22–25), demonstrating that Mongolian scholars prioritized the inheritance of practical surgical instructions over theoretical abstraction. In terms of practical application, the use of complex ointments consisting of over 15 ingredients, such as pearls, coral, and ivory, for treating weapon wounds aligns with Ayurvedic pharmacological theories. Additionally, unique methods such as diagnosing "Brain Displacement" through string measurement and extracting embedded foreign objects (metal or wood) using leopard gall and ivory confirm that Ayurvedic surgical tactics were localized and enriched within the Mongolian medical tradition. Conclusion The study concludes that the principles of Ayurvedic surgical and disease taxonomy were not merely copied into Mongolian sources but were systematically adapted to the Mongolian climate and lifestyle. Mongolian scholars, including Sumbe Khamba Ishbaljir, enriched the Ayurvedic Shalya Tantra (Surgical Science) with practical techniques and unique medicinal compositions for managing infectious wounds and trauma, thereby defining the independent developmental trajectory of surgery within Traditional Mongolian Medicine.

Background: The ichthyosis is a hereditary skin disease and inherited by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X recessive trait separately. The X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is the most frequent cutaneous disease and general incidence accounts for one in 2000-5000 male births. Molecular pathogenesis of XLI is due to mutations, which are large deletion, missense, frame shift and nonsense in STS gene. The vast majority of mutation frequency is a large deletion, which are found in 85-90% of patients with XLI. An exon deletion of the STS can be detected by Polymerase chain reaction with exon specific primers. An identification of STS gene mutation has various importance such as 1) detection of mutation type; 2) for genetic counselling, 3) disease severity, 4) carrier detection. Methods: In the present study, pedigree analysis was used for type of inheritance, and Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect a deletion in STS gene and normal control used. A deletion was identified in case PCR bands were not visualized in agarose gels. Results: We included one patient, who had typical symptoms of XLI including dark, adherent scales on skin. Mutation analysis of the STS gene showed that the patient had whole gene deletion (del: Exon 1-10), which was demonstrated by the repeated amplification failure of exons. We used a sample of healthy man as a wild type control, which showed normal amplification of STS gene’s exons. Further, the current study will be focused on the screening of heterozygote large deletion of Del: Exon1-10 of STS gene among patient’s female relatives. Conclusion An ichthyosis case enrolled in this study was inherited by X-recessive and we identified whole exon deletion of STS gene in this patient.

In this study we aimed to check a hypothesis about water sound (WS) effect can stimulate parasympathetic nervous system. A case-control study design was used. The students in control group did not listen WS, whereas students in case groups had been influenced under WSE by 3 different ways, including audio, video and shower. Data base had been obtained by performance of stress test, measurements of systolic and diastolic pressure, and counts of pulse. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS 20.0 and Graphpad prism 7.0 were used. Interestingly, 92% of total students had stress. There were no differences between groups before WS effect. After WS effect, ANOVA test detected differences in diastolic pressure (ANOVA, F=6.209, p=0.001), stress score (F=15.21, p<0.001). Paired test was utilized to compare mean of values between before and post WS measurements, finding SP (p=0.001), SS (p<0.001) categories. It showed an effective WS influence. Chi-square test indicated that stress level of all students decreased significantly (p<0.001). But there were no differences between 3 methods of water therapy. In conclusion, WS has an effect of stimulation in immune system, useful for some diseases, in which parasympathetic system decrease and sympathetic system increases.

Нойр булчирхайн цочмог үрэвсэл, эмнэлзүйн урьдчилан тооцоолох дүрэм, Ranson –ийн шалгуур, APACHE II-ийн шалгуур A clinical prediction rule is a type of medical research study in which researchers try to identify the best combination of medical sign, symptoms, and other findings in predicting the probability of a specific disease or outcome. More than 80% of all patients with acute pancreatitis recover promptly without developing severe pancreatitis. The presence of early organ failure (within 24 hours of admission), multiple-organ system failure, and persistent or progressive (present beyond 48 hours after admission) organ failure are associated with prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission, need for surgery, and death. In high developed country, Ranson and APACHE II prognostic criteria are used in order to evaluate patient´s situation and modified treatment tactics. That is give an idea us to carry out retrospective study, by using patients´ documents, who hospitalized in National central hospital in last year. As result, according to Ranson´s criteria 13 (31.7%) of all patients had 0-2 score, which means mortality risk was 1.8%, 20 (48.8%) had 3-4 score (mortality risk is 11%), 8 (19.5%) were estimated 5-6 score, having 33% of mortality risk. Whereas, regarding to APACHE-II criteria 14 (34.2%) of total patients had score of 0-4, showing 4% of mortality risk, 23 (56.1%) were scored 5-9, having 8% of risk, 3 (7.3%) were scored 10-14, having 15% of risk, 1 (2.4%) had 15-19 score, having 24% of risk. Moreover, we determined that incomplete laboratory test, meaning essential prognostic criteria not used in Mongolia.

IntroductionThe imported food products are more than 60 percent of total food consumption of Mongolia. Thelead residue in food products causes chronic and acute poisoning to the human health when exceedsmaximum residues limits, and human exposure and significant public health problems in many partsof the world.GoalTo assess lead residues and health risk of some commonly consumed imported food productsamong Mongolian population.Objectives:1. To determine consumption of some imported food products of Mongolian population;2. To investigate lead residue in some commonly consumed imported food products;3. To assess potential health risk related lead residue.Materials and MethodsThe research used analytic study of cross-sectional study design. Randomly selected 1290 people’simports food consumption was analyzed by questionnaire and body weight measurements. Tooksamples from 145 import products, identified lead residue with Academy of Sciences Soil ResearchLaboratory`s, ASS (USA, 2002) equipment.Results60.7% of imported food samples were lead residues exceeded to Maximum Residues Limits, suchus mean lead residues in meat product were 1.55 mg/kg, in milk product 1.22 mg/kg, in cerealproducts 1.15 mg/kg, in vegetables 1.57 mg/kg, in fruit and fruit juice 1.03 mg/kg, in alcohols drink1.31 mg/kg, and in tea 1.93 mg/kg (p=0.001). Estimated Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI)of lead exposure for survey responses was 0.079mg/kg body weight.Conclusions:1. 60.7% of imported food samples were lead residues exceeded to Maximum Residues Limits,such us mean lead residues in meat product, milk products, fruits and vegetables.2. Imported vegetables (54.0%), cereal 8.4% products (15.5%), fruit and fruit juice (11.8%), andmilk products (8.4%) is main contributing to lead residues in imported food.3. Estimated Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of lead exposure for survey responseswas 0.079mg/kg body weight, which is 3.2 times higher than toxicological guidance (PTWI 0.025mg/kg per 1 kg human body weight) and the high health risk level.